This Presentation is regarding the Global warming, the causes and cure. This was made by Shakeel Ahmed to be presented at Mehran University Institute of Science and Technology Development Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan.

1. Global Warming, Causes & Cure Presenter: Shakeel Ahmed Roll No: MUSTD/08/03 “ Climate change is a far greater threat to the world than international terrorism.” Sir David King, UK Chief Scientist

2. Global Warming is the greatest environmental threat of the 21 st Century , during the 80s and early 90s scientists argued about the causes and effects of global warming. In the late 1990s scientists reached a consensus that global warming was a cause for concern. “ Why should we be concerned about Global Warming?” “ When we were industrializing and growing, we didn’t know any better; neither did Europe, now we’re smart enough to figure out how to have the right kind of growth & that is by protecting our environment . we hope rest of the world won’t make the same mistakes we made” Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton, 23-02-2009 in China

3. Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.

4. Explanation of the causes of global warming

5. Some Important Facts • Asia by 2050s: – Freshwater availability is projected to decrease – Coastal areas, especially heavily-populated mega delta regions will be greatest risk from sea flooding (Like Tsunami) • Africa by 2020: – Between 75 & 250 million people projected to be exposed increased water stress – In some countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture would be reduced by 50% • Small Island States: – Sea Level rise is expected to worsen flood, storm surge, erosion and other coastal hazards threatening vital infrastructure – By mid-century reduced water resources in many small island state

6. Who are Responsible * Gross domestic product (GDP) * Purchasing power parity (PPP)

7. LEDCs are non-industrial nations . They tend not to have a base of manufacturing industries and residents are less economically advantaged (i.e. poor). Another term for LEDCs is Third World nations. The majority of the world outside of Europe, the United States, Canada, South Africa, Israel, Japan and the former Soviet Block nations fall under this designation. (LEDCs: Less Economically Developed Countries) MEDCs are industrialized nations with large scale industry and a high gross-domestic-product rating. Citizens of these countries are usually economically well off with a small chance of starvation. They are also referred to as First World nations. They include all of the nations listed above with the exception of the Soviet Block nations which are known as Second World nations. (MEDCs: More Economically Developed Countries) Source : http://answers.yahoo.com Battle of Survival Between Nations

8. Individuals, businesses, and governments are worried enough about the effects of global warming to be beginning to take some action. Hence, the Kyoto Protocol . This international treaty, signed in December 1997, is now on the table for countries to endorse. Countries who do so will make commitments for emissions cuts, with the industrial countries cutting the most. The goal is to cut emissions of greenhouse gases by an average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. The protocol is considered binding once the treaty is ratified by industrialized countries that contributed 55 percent of the greenhouse gases emitted in 1990 to 2000. What is Happening Now?

9. Unite to combat climate change Global Warming and Climate change are “the defining challenges of our generation.” The potential consequences for economic and social well-being are so profound that, for too long, many have preferred to simply avoid imagining the unimaginable . But there comes a time when denial is no longer an option. That time is now . Mr. Achim Steiner The United Nations Secretary-General Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme

10. How an Individual may contribute to save the world? Weather you believe humans are causing global warming or it is a natural occurrence that will pass, we still have to be aware of its effect on the world. We can save our world by doing little things at our level. Like turning off your Monitor instead of Standby and switch off car engine on Signals. Mahatma Gandhi’s words: “ Be the change you want to see in the world”

11. Conclusion “ The People who caused this, need to cure it” Respond to opportunity 1- By Helping governments and the finance sector mainstream investment in sustainable energy. 2- Remove market distortions in the area of climate change mitigation. 3- By working and convincing others on cleaner energy policy, technology and finance to create an enabling environment for sustainable energy – one which promotes reduced greenhouse gas emissions through increased energy efficiency and renewable energy use.

12. References and Sources 1- WWW.CANA.NET “Climatic Action Network Australia” 2- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas 3- http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=100 6012801212 4- http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/world/asia/ 22diplo.html?_r=1 5- http://www.unep.org/pdf/081127_POZNANBKL_ web.pdf