slide shares comprises genetically modified organism and their applications and brief use of them in various fields of life

1. GENETICALLY MODIFIED
ORGANISMS AND ITS USES
BY SHAHZEB KHAN SHAZ

2. CONTENTS
 GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
 PRODUCTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
 PRINCILPE OBJECTIVE OF PRODUCTION
 EXISTING MODELS
 USES OF GMO
 BENEFITS OF GMO
 HARMFUL EFFECT OF GMO
 CONCLUSION
 CONTROL

3. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS;
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an
organism whose genetic material has been altered
using genetic engineering techniques.
Organisms that have been genetically modified
include micro-organisms such as bacteria and
yeast, plant, fish and mammals.
Source of genetically modified foods, and are also
widely used in scientific research and to produce
useful goods other than food.

4. PRODUCTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED
ORGANISMS
 Genetic information involves the insertion or deletion of
genes.
 when genes are inserted, they usually come from a
different species, which is a form of horizontal gene
transfer.
examples;
1)Agro-bacterium have ability to transfer genetic material
to the plants.
2) Lentiviruses has also ability to transfer genes to animal

5. PRINCIPLE OBJECTIVE OF PRODUCTION
 the basic principle for producing a
GMO was to add new genetic material
into an organism’s genomes.
this is also called genetic engineering
and was made possible through the
discovery of DNA and the creation of the
first recombinant DNA molecules by
Paul berg in 1972.

6. EXIXTING MODLES
These including;
TRANSGENIC PLANTS
GENETICAL MODIFIED CROPS
MICROBES
MAMMALS

7. TRANSGENEIC PLANTES
Transgenic plants have been engineered for scientific
research, to create new colors in flowers, and to
create improved crops.
In research, plants are help in discoveries, functions
of certain genes.
This is way in which we can knock out of our gene of
interest and can be apply on the plant to see what
phenotype develops?
Another strategy, genes are attach to the stronger

8. GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS
in agriculture, genetically engineered crops are
created to posses several desirable traits, such
as resistance to pest, herbicides, or harsh
environmental conditions, improved product
shelf life, increased nutritional valve, or
production of valuable goods such as drugs
(pharming).
plants, including algae, maize, and other plants
have been genetically modified for use in

9. MICRO-ORGANISMS
bacteria was first organisms to be modified in the
laboratory, due to their simple genetic make-up.
these organisms are now used for several purposes,
and are particularly important in producing large
amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine.
genetically modified bacteria are used to produce the
protein insulin to treat diabetes.
similar bacteria have been used to produce clotting
factors to treat hemophilia, and human growth
hormone to treat various forms pf dwarfism.

10. MAMMALS
Ralph L. Brinster and Richard palmiter
developed the techniques responsible
for transgenic mice, rats, rabbits, sheep,
and pigs in the early 1980s.
They established many of the first
transgenic models of human disease,
including the first carcinoma cased by
transgenic.

11. GMO USE IN GENE THERAPY
The GMOs like some viruses are used in gene therapy,
Gene therapy can be used in the treatment of various
genetic disorders and diseases such as;
sickle cell anemia (characterized by abnormal blood cells
having a crescent shape).
muscular dystrophy(characterized by weakness and
wasting of skeletal muscles).
cystic fibrosis(most common congenital disease, lungs,
intestine and pancreas become clogged with thick mucus).

12. USAGE IN AGRICULTURE
genetically modified plants have many
application in field of agriculture.
genetically modification is used for
increasing the production of crops, pest
control, weed management, etc.
genetically modified foods are produce
by tremendous nutrition contents.

13. BENEFITS AT A GLANCE
when genetically engineering used on micro-organisms for
making or creation of new pharmaceuticals which cannot or
made in any other ways.
genetically engineering helps in the process of bio-
remediation, to clean up the waste and population with the
help of GMOs.
It is help in lowered the use of pesticides and herbicides.
help in the production of vaccines and drugs.
in human it is used to treat genetic disorder and cancer.
also helps in the field of mining to extract useful element

14. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF GMO
genetic modification is lead to unpredictable out comes
OR effects.
genetic modification is unnatural and does not fit in the
natural ways.
it is important that FDA has not approved consuming
animals that are genetically modified and don't want
become part of food chain.
genetically modified plants which contain (Bacillus
thuringiensis) has b+ genes that kill the insects,
ladybirds and butterflies, etc.

15. CONCLUSION
GM seeds are taking over our natural food supply.
GM plants are proven to be poisonous killing insects,
birds, butterflies and destroyed our ecosystem and
slowing killing animals.
FDA has reported that genetic engineered lead to
different risks.
Common garden chemicals are also killing bees and
causing deform babies.

16. CONTROL OF GMO
Any food produced by genetic engineering
should be banned.
labeling should be required for any food that
contain a single GM ingredient.
food should not produce by GMO and enzymes.
it is effect on the health of human being, can b
e lead to certain diseases.

17. REFERENCES
1) WWW.PANACEABOCAF.ORG/GENETICALLYMODIFIED
FOOD.HTM
2) WWW.FOODFREEDOM.WORDPRESS,COM/2018/08/1
8/3247/
3) WWW.WAKEUP-WORD.COM/?S=GMO
4) WWW.LISTVERSE.COM/2008/04/01/TOP-
10=BIZARRE-GENETICALLY-MODIFIED-
ORGANISMS/

18. THANK YOU…!