FINAL_LESSON_3.pptx

Science Health and Politics
Genetically
Modified
Organisms:

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson the students should be
able to…
•Identify issues on genetically organism or GMOs.
•Discuss different implications and impacts of
GMOs
•Create a research paper on the impact of GMOs in
the Philippine context.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS ARE CREATED AND
GROWN AROUND THE WORLD. GENETIC
MODIFICATION OCCURS WHEN THE DNA OF A LIVING
THING IS ADDED TO THE DNA OF ANOTHER SO THAT A
"DESIRABLE" SECTION BECOMES PART OF THE NEW,
MODIFIED, ORGANISM. THESE CHANGES CAN MODIFY
OR INTRODUCE PARTICULAR TRAITS IN THE
ORGANISM.
Introduction:

1. GENETIC ENGINEERING IS THE MODIFICATION OF THE
PHENOTYPE OF AN ORGANISM BY ALTERING ITS GENETIC
MAKEUP. GENETIC ENGINEERING IS MAINLY PERFORMED BY
SIMPLE COUPLINGS OR GENE RECOMBINATION.
2. THE GENERAL PROCESS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IS
THE DELIBERATE MANIPULATION OF THE ORGANISM’S
GENES, WHERE IT MAY INVOLVE TRANSFER OF GENES FROM
OTHER ORGANISM.
[GENETIC ENGINEERING]

GENETIC ENGINEERING
• IN 1951 GENETIC ENGINEERING WAS
COINED BY JACK WILLIAMSON ,AUTHOR
OF THE SCIENCE FICTION NOVEL
DRAGON’S ISLAND (STABLEFORD 2004)

The genetic
Engineering
process on
plant.

GMOs in
Food and
Agricultural
Industries:

The center for Eco genetics and Environment Health (CEEH, 2003) identified the
following roles of GMOs in the food and Agricultural Industries.
PEST RESISTANCE
1
GENETICALLY MODIFIED
ORGANISM PLANTS TO
RESIST CERTAIN PEST
VIRUS RESISTANCE
2
PLANTS TO RESIST
CERTAIN VIRUSES.
HERBICIDE
TOLERANCE
3
PLANTS TO TOLERATE
HERBICIDE
FORTIFICATION
4
PLANTS FORTIFIED
WITH CERTAIN MINERALS.

The center for Eco genetics and Environment Health (CEEH, 2003) identified
the following roles of GMOs in the food and Agricultural Industries.
COSMETICS
PRESERVATION
GENETICALLY
MODIFIED PLANTS
RESIST NATURAL DISCOLO
RATION.
INCREASE GROWTH
RATE
GENETICALLY
MODIFIED ORGANISM THAT
HAS HIGHER YIELD IN
GROWTH THAT NORMAL
SPECIES.
5 6

GMOs in Non-Food Crops and
Microorganism:
FLOWER
PRODUCTION
GMOS IN FLOWER
PRODUCTION ARE
SEEN IN MODIFIED
COLOR
AND EXTENDED VASE
LIFE OF FLOWER.
PAPER
PRODUCTION
MODIFIED
CHARACTERISTIC OF
TREES FOR HIGHER
YIELD OF
PAPER PRODUCTION.
PHARMACEUTICAL
PRODUCTIONS.
MODIFIED PLANTS TO
PRODUCE
PHARMACEUTICAL
PRODUCTS.

GMOs in Non-Food
Crops and Microorganis
m:
BIOREMEDIATION
USE OF MODIFIED
PLANTS THAT CAN
ASSIST IN THE
BIOREMEDIATION
OF POLLUTED SITES.
ENZYME AND
DRUG
PRODUCTION
USE OF MODIFIED
MICROORGANISM
THAT CAN
PRODUCE ENZYMES
FOR FOOD
PROCESSING AND
MEDICINES.

ANOTHER EX. ARTEMESIN
ARTEMESINIC ACID IS A COMPOUND USED FOR ANTI-
MALARIAL DRUG EXTRACTED FROM SWEET WORD WOOD
PLANT. THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING IT CAN BE
SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCED BY YEAST AND BACTERIA WITH
SWEET WORD WOOD PLANT GENE (ZIMMER 2006)
GMOS IN THE MEDICAL FIELD
GENETIC ENGINEERING IS PLAYING A
SIGNIFICANT ROLE FROM DIAGNOSIS TO
TREATMENT OF HUMAN-DREADED DISEASES.
IT HELPS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DRUGS,
GENE THERAPY AND LABORATORY
RESEARCHES.

BENEFITS OF GMOs
HIGHER EFFICIENCY IN FARMING
• INCREASE IN HARVEST
• CONTROL IN FERTILITY
• INCREASE IN FOOD PROCESSING
• IMPROVEMENT IN DESIRABLE
CHARACTERISTIC
• NUTRITIONAL ANF PHARMACEUTICAL
ENHANCEMENT
• REDUCE THE USE OF FERTILIZER AND
PESTICIDES ARE OVER 40 MILLION OF
GMOS FARMLAND ALL.

Potential risks of GMOs (The
following major concerns of GMOs)
1. GENETIC ENGINEERING IS STILL A YOUNG
BRANCH OF SCIENCE, THERE ARE
INADEQUATE STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF
GMOS TO HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
2. GENETIC ENGINEERING PROMOTES
MUTATION WHICH THE LONG-TERM EFFECT
IS STILL UNKNOWN.

The following effects of GMOs in
Human.
MORE ALLERGIC. GMOS FOOD MAY TRIGGER MORE
ALLERGIC REACTIONS MORE TO CREATE NEW ONES,
AS SIDE EFFECT OF THE GENE ALTERATION.
• GENE MUTATION. GMOS FOOD MAY DEVELOP
ABNORMALITIES AND MUTATION MORE THAN THE
DESIRED PRODUCT OF THE GENE ALTERATION.
• ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. GMOS FOOD CONTAINS
ANTIBIOTIC- RESISTANCE GENES, THIS MAY CAUSE
DISEASE-CAUSING BACTERIA LIKELY TO BE MORE
ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT TOO, INCREASING
THE POSSIBILITY OF WIDESPREAD OF THE
DISEASE.
• NUTRITIONAL VALUE. GMOS FOOD MAY HAVE
CHARGE IN THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE

• RISK IN GENE FLOW- THERE IS A POTENTIAL RISK OF THE MODIFIED GENE
TO BE TRANSFERRED FROM THE GMOS CROPS TO ITS WILD RELATIVE OR
ORGANISM IN THE SOIL AND HUMAN INTESTINE( WHEN INGESTED)
• EMERGENCE OF NEW FORMS OF RESISTANCE AND SECONDARY
PESTS AND WEED PROBLEM- GMOS CROPS RESISTANT TO
CERTAIN PESTICIDES MAY TRIGGER NEW FORM OF PEST RESISTANT
WHILE GMOS HERBICIDE TOLERANT CROPS MAY LEAD TO THE OVERUSE
OF THE HERBICIDES WHICH MAY TRIGGER NEW FORM OF WEED RESISTANT.
• RECOMBINATION OF VIRUS AND BACTERIA TO PRODUCE
NEW PATHOGENS- THE MODIFIED GENE CAN BE TRANSFERRED
AND INTEGRATED IN THE VIRAL OR BACTERIAL GENES WHICH MAY LEAD TO
VIRAL OR BACTERIAL GENE MODIFICATION OR MUTATION.
Environmental Risks cause by GMOs:

Direct and indirect Environment Risks caused by GMOs:
1. DIRECT ENVIRONMENT RISKS ARE:
-INTRODUCTION OF THE GMOS IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT MAY CAUSE
DISRUPTION OF THE NATURAL COMMUNITIES THROUGH COMPETITION OR
INTERFERENCE:
- THE POSSIBILITY OF UNEXPECTED BEHAVIOR OF THE GMOS IN
THE ENVIRONMENT IF IT ESCAPE ITS INTENDED USE AND MAY POST THREATS OR
BECOME PEST.
- MAY CAUSE HARMFUL EFFECTS TO ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IF
GMOS INTERFERE WITH THE NATURAL BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES, AND
THE PERSISTENCE OF GMOS GENES AFTER ITS HARVEST WHICH MAY
CAUSE NEGATIVE IMPACTS TO THE CONSUMER OF GMOS PRODUCTS.

Direct and indirect Environment Risks caused by GMOs:
2. INDIRECT ENVIRONMENT RISKS ARE:
- ALTERATION OF AGRICULTURE PRACTICES LIKE MANAGING NEGATIVE IMPACTS
OF GMOS TO THE ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS EVOLUTION OF INSECTS, PEST, AND
WEEDS THAT BECAME RESISTANT TO GMOS CROPS.
- MAY HAVE IMPACTS TO BIODIVERSITY CAUSED BY THE ALTERATION
IN AGRICULTURE PRACTICES.
- MAY HAVE VARIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO GMOS INTERACTION AND
RELEASE IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.

Human Health
Risks caused
by GMOs:
CONSUMPTION OF GMOS MAY HAVE ADVERSE
EFFECTS.
• CONSUMPTION OF GMOS MY ALTER
THE BALANCE OF
EXISTING MICROORGANISM.
• PRODUCTION OF TOXINS MAY BE
DETRIMENTAL TO HUMAN HEALTH.
• PRODUCTION OF ALLERGENS MAY
HAVE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON HUMANS.

Potential Risks that
raise major concern are:
HUMAN GENOME
PROJECT (HGP)
MAPPING OF HUMAN GENES TO PROVIDE
FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH AND STUDIES IN
THE FIELD OF MEDICINE. IT WAS FEARED THAT
THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE HUMAN GENETIC
INFORMATION WOULD CREATE BIASES AND
GIVE MUCH POWER TO PEOPLE HOLDING
THE INFORMATION AND TO THE
DISADVANTAGE OF THOSE WHO DO NOT HAVE
THE GENETIC INFORMATION.

MUTATION OF
GENETICALLY
ENGINEERED
MICROORGANISM
GENERALLY MODIFIED BACTERIA AND
VIRUSES MAY MUTATE TO BECOME MORE
RESISTANT OR VIRULENT THAT MAY
CAUSE MORE DREADFUL DISEASES FOR
HUMAN BEINGS.

Biosafety
on GMOs
as follows:
• THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION
(CODEX)
THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION
(FAO) TOGETHER WITH WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION (WHO) CREATED THE CODEX
ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION (CODEX).
CODEX IS AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODY THAT
DEVELOPS THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS, KNOW US
THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD CODE. CODEX
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
STANDARDS, CODES OF
PRACTICES, GUIDELINES, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS ON FOOD SAFETY.

ESTABLISHES IN 2003, CARTAGENA PROTOCOL IS
AN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TREATY
THAT REGULATES THE TRANSBOUNDARY
MOVEMENTS OF LIVING MODIFIED
ORGANISM (LMOS)
THE CARTAGENA PROTOCOL REQUIRES
EXPORTERS TO SEEK CONSENT FROM THE
IMPORTERS BEFORE ITS FIRST SHIPMENT OF
LMOS.
CARTAGENA PROTOCOL
ON BIOSAFETY

THE AGREEMENT REQUIRES EXPORTERS OF GM
FOOD AND FOOD PRODUCTS AND GIVE RIGHT TO
IMPORTING PARTIES TO REJECT OR ACCEPT THE
GM PRODUCTS. THE PREMISE OF THIS POLICY IS
THAT CONSUMERS HAVE THE RIGHT TO KNOW
AND THE FREEDOM TO CHOOSE GM OR NON-GM
PRODUCTS.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT ON
LABELING OF GM FOOD AND FOOD
PRODUCTS.

GMOs in the Philippines
• EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 430 OF 1990
THE NCBP DEVELOPED THE GUIDELINES ON THE
PLANNED RELEASE OF GENETICALLY MANIPULATED
ORGANISM (GMOS) AND POTENTIALLY HARMFUL EXOTIC
SPECIES IN 1998.
• THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (2002)
RELEASED ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO.8, THE GUIDELINE
FOR THE IMPORTATION AND RELEASED INTO TO
ENVIRONMENT OF GM PLANTS AND PLANT PRODUCTS. ON
THAT SAME YEAR, THE ENTRY OF GMO IMPORTANT
STARTED (BAUMULLER, 2003)

• THE PHILIPPINES
WAS MARKED TO BE THE FIRST COUNTRY IN ASIA TO
APPROVED COMMERCIAL CULTIVATION OF GMOS WHEN GM
CORN PLANTING WAS APPROVED IN 2002 (SERAPIO & AMP,
DELA CRUZ, 2016)
DECEMBER 2002 TO PRESENT
THERE ARE 70 GMOS APPLICATION APPROVED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE RELEASE TO THE
ENVIRONMENT.
62 GMOS ARE APPROVED FOR FOOD FEED AND
PROCESSING AND THE REMAINING 8 WERE APPROVED FOR

2004. PHILIPPINES WAS CLASSIFIED BY INTERNATIONAL
SERVICE FOR ACQUISITION OF AGRI-BIOTECH APPLICATION.
SENATOR JUAN FLAVIER, AUTHORED A BILL ON THE
MANDATORY LABELING OF FOOD PRODUCTS WITH GMOS BUT
DID NOT PASS THE BILL.
2006. PHILIPPINES BECAME PART OF THE CARTAGENA
PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY.
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 514 WAS ISSUED TO ADDRESS THE
BIOSAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF THE CARTAGENA PROTOCOL
AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATURAL BIOSAFETY
FRAMEWORK (NBF)

2010 THE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE ACT WAS ISSUED
ENCOURAGING ORGANIC AGRICULTURE THAN GMO-
RELATED AGRICULTURE.
2012. REPRESENTATIVE TEDDY CASINO, TOGETHER WITH
OTHER CONGRESSMAN, FILED A BILL PUSHING FOR THE
MANDATORY LABELING OF GM FOOD AND FOOD PRODUCTS.
TO DATE, THERE IS NO PHILIPPINE BIOSAFETY LAW, ONLY
BIOSAFETY REGULATIONS FORMED UNDER NBF.
DECEMBER 2015. THE SUPREME COURT ORDERED TO PUT AN
AND TO THE FIELD TESTING OF GMO BT EGGPLANT AND
DECLARED ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO.8 SERIES OF 2002 OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AS NULL AND VOID.

March 7, 2016. Passed a Joint Department
of Circular No. I, series 2016 on rules and
regulations for the research and
development.
Five Government Agencies:

• The department of Science and
Technology
• Department of Agriculture
• Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
• Department of Health
• Department of Interior and Local
Government

BOOK
Book title:
Title: This is a novel title Author: Jenna Doe
Name: Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
Summary:
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in the Solar
System. The planet's name has
nothing to do with the liquid metal,
since it was named after a god
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot, even hotter than
Mercury, and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous

CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
END OF
LESSON 3
Genetically Modified Organisms:
Science Health and Politics

BOOK
Title: This is a novel title
Author: Jenna Doe
Name: The farthest planet from the Sun
Author: Susan Doe
Book title:
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly
hot, even hotter than Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous. It’s
the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon

BOOK
SUMMARY
Name: Venus is the second planet from the Sun
About the book:
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the
Solar System. It's the fourth-brightest object in the
night sky. It was named after a Roman god

ART BOOK
Title:
This is a novel title
Author:
Timmy Jimmy
Name:
It’s the closest planet to the Sun
Illustrator:
Susan Doe
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the
Solar System
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a cold
place. It's full of iron
oxide dust
Neptune is the
farthest planet from the
Sun. It's also the
fourth-largest one

MY FAVORITE
CHARACTER
IN THE BOOK
Title: This is a novel title Author: Susan Doe
Name: Mars is actually a very cold place
Book title: Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System. The planet's name
has nothing to do with the liquid metal

EBOOK
Book title:
Name: It’s composed of hydrogen and helium
Illustrator:
Earth is the third planet from the
Sun and the only one that harbors
life in the Solar System. This is
where we all live on
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in the
Solar System. The planet's name has
nothing to do with the liquid metal

Title: This is a novel title
Author: Timmy Jimmy
Name: Jenna Doe
Book title:
MY BOOK REPORT
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot,
even hotter than Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous. It’s the
second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon

MY FAVORITE
CHARACTER
IN THE BOOK
Name: It's the farthest planet from the Sun
Book title:
Solar System. It's the fourth-brightest object in
the night sky. It was named after the Roman god
of the skies and lightning

THE WORST
CHARACTER
IN THE BOOK
Write about it:
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's
composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. It was
named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture

BOOK REPORT
01
You could describe the topic
of the section here
MY BOOK
02
of the section here
EBOOK REPORT
03
of the section here
BOOK COVER
04
of the section here
TABLE OF CONTENTS

EBOOK
Book title:
Illustrator:
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot, even hotter than
Mercury, and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous
Jupiter is a gas giant and the
biggest planet in the Solar System.
It's the fourth-brightest object in
the night sky. It was named after
the Roman god of the skies

TITLE
OF MY
BOOK
Solar System. It's the fourth-brightest object in the
night sky. It was named after a Roman god

WRITE TWO
SENTENCES
DESCRIBING
THE BOOK
Title: This is a novel title Author: Timmy Jimmy
Name: It’s the closest planet to the Sun
Write them down here:

CREATE A
BOOK
COVER
Book summary:
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System. The planet's name
has nothing to do with the liquid metal, since
Mercury was named after a god

BOOK
Book summary:
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet
from the Sun. It’s terribly hot, even hotter than
Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous.
It’s the second-brightest natural object in the sky

CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
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