Classification of living organisims

1. Classification of Living Organisims
Plant Kingdom – Metaphyta
(Plantae)
Animal Kingdom – Metazoa
(Animalia)

2. Classification Of Metaphyta (Plantae)
 Non-Vascular Plants (Xylem & Phloem Absent)
1) Multicellular Algae –
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae
2) Bryophytes

3. Vascular Plants (Xylem & Phloem present)
Pteridophytes.
.Gymnosperms
.Angiosperms

4. Multicellular Algae
Charterstics-
The plant body is called “Thallus”.
Cells are eukaryotic with prominent nucleus.
Cell wall is made of cellulose & Pectin.
Chlorophyll is maximum in green algae.
In red algae chlorophyll & Phycoerythrin
present
In Brown algae chlorophyll & Xanthophyll.
Reproduction – Vegetative, Asexual ,Sexual
methods.

5. Green Algae – Spirogyra ,
Ulothrix.

6. Examples Of Algae
 Red Algae – Batrachospermum
,Polysiphonia

7. fucus

8. Dictyote- Algae

9. Sargassum

10. Padina

11. Cutleria - Algae
 c12

12. Uses of Algae
Major producer’s in marine eco-system.
Manufacture of cattle feed.
Algin (brown algae) used in ice creams &
chocolates.
Agar(gelidium-red algae)-culturing
bacteria in Lab.
Porphyra(red algae) used as condiment.
Algae purify water.
Laminaria(red algae) used in production
of Potassium & Iodine.

13. Bryophyta- Amphibians of the plant
Chareterstics-
Thallus is present
Reproduce sexually
Life cycle includes- (a)Gametophyte( haploid
(b)Sporophyte (diploid)
The process of gametophyte & sporophyte
formed alternately is called “Alternation of
generations”.
Examples-Liverworts & Mosses

14. RICCIA MARCHANTIA

15. Mosses - Polytrichum

16. Funaria - Mosses

17. Lejunea - Mosses

18. Pellia - Mosses

19. Life cycle Of Mosses

20. Economic Importance-Bryophyta
Mosses are used in packing flowers.
Used in pots for moisture retention.
Some mosses form a dense mat on the
soil,they check erosion.
Bryophytes helps in soil formation.

21. Pteridophytes
Characteristics
Grow in moist soil, damp walls & cool
shady places.
Body shows distinct root,stem, & leaves.
Life cycle includes (1)Gametophyte.
(2)Sporophyte.

22. Economic importance - Pteridophytes
Ferns are grown for their ornamental value.
Leaves are used in making flower bouget.
Some ferns are of medicinal importance.
Some ferns are involved in formation of
fossil fuels like coal & petroleum.

23. Gymnosperms-Naked seed plants
 Grow in and on mountain tops at low
temperature.
 It produces prominent structures called
“CONES”-Female & Male Cones.
 Male Cones produce male
gamets(microspores).
 Female cones produce ovule.
 The fusion product is zygote, becomes the
Seed,no fruit.

24. Cycas –Male & Female Cones

25. Pinus

26. Angiosperms
Seeds are enclosed in structures called
“Fruit”.
Plant shows distinct root,stem & leaves.
Flower is the reproductive part of a plant.
Flowers in a cluster called
“Inflorescence”.
Angiosperms are distinguished into
“Monocots” & “Dicots”.

27. Differences –Monocot & Dicot Plants
Seeds contain only one
Cotyledon.
During germination
cotyledons remain
below the soil.
Plants have fibrous
root system,
Leaves have parallel
venation.
Petals are in multiples
of 3.
 Seeds contain two
Cotyledons.
 During germination
cotyledons come
above the soil.
 Plants have Tap root
system.
 Leaves have
reticulate venation.
 Petals are in
multiples of 4 or 5.

28. Monocots & Dicots

29. Structure Of Flower

31. Phylum- Chordata
 VERTEBRATES
 Body divisible into Head,Trunk, & Tail regions.
 Digestive system consisting of mouth,buccal
cavity,pharynx, oesophagus, stomach &
intestine.
 A closed type of circulatory system, with
muscular heart is present.
 Nervous system shows a well developed
Brain,Spinal cord & Nerves.
 All Vertebrates are unisexual & exhibit only
sexual reproduction.

32. Classification of Vertebrates
1 Class Pisces
2 Class Amphibia
3 Class Reptilia
4 Class Aves
5 Class Mammalia

33. Class Pisces- Characteristic features
The streamlined body is divisible into head,
trunk, & short tail.
Body has an exoskeleton composed of
dermal scales.
Locomotor structures are paired &
unpaired gills.Gill-slits are covered by
Operculum.
Heart is two chambered.
Nervous system has abrain, a spinal cord, &
10 pairs of cranial nerves.
They are Oviparous(egg laying) animals.

34. External Features Of Fish

35. Bony fishes

36. Boney Fishes

37. Fishes

38. Fishes
Fishes form a favourite human food in many
countries,Rearing of fishes for this purpose
called Pisciculture.
Oil obtained from liver of Fish,sharks & cods
is rich in Vit-A & D.
The dried skin of Sharks is used in making
polishes.
Fishes like Gambusia are used in the
biological control of mosquitoes.

39. Amphibia
 The Body is divisible into head, trunk, & tail.
 There is no exoskeleton ,skin is smooth & moist.
 Locomotor structures are a pair of Forelimbs & a
pair of Hindlimbs.
 Respiratory organs are gills in the Larva & a pair
of lungs in adult.Skin also helps in respiration.
 Heart is 3 chambered , 2 auricles & one ventricle.
 Nervous system has a Brain, a Spinal cord, &
10pairs of cranial nerves.

40. a
 They are Oviparous. Fertilization & Development are
both external , it includes Metamorphosis.
 Examples – Frog, Toad, Newt, Ichthyophis, Tiger
salamander.

41. Examples -Amphibia

42. Class - Reptiles
 The body is elongated, divisible into Head, Trunk, &
Tail.
 The exoskeleton is in the form of Epidermal scales,
Forming distinct plates.
 Locomotor structures are a pair of Forelimbs, & a pair
of Hindlimbs,containing 5 digits each.
 Respiratory Organs are a pair of Lungs.
 Heart is 3 chambered.only in Crocodiles Ventricle is
incompletely divided into 2 chambers.
 Nervous system has a brain, a spinal cord and 12 pairs
of cranial nerves.
 They are oviparous. Fertilization is internal but
development is external.

43. Reptiles-examples
Chelones - Turtles and Tortise

44. Lizards-House lizards, Chamaeleon, Calotes, Varanes, Dralo.
Snakes- Viper, Cobra, Sea snake, Krait, Dryoplis, Python.
Crocodiles and Alligators.

45. Class Aves
 The body is streamlined, boat shaped, divisible into
head, trunk and tail.
 The exoskeleton consists of feather, which provide
protection, maintain body temperature help in
flight.
 Locomotor structure are pentadactyl forelimbs and
hindlimbs. Forelimbs are modified into wings.
 Respiratory organs are a pair of lungs.
 Heart is 4 chambered with 2 articles and 2 ventricles.
 Brain is well developed 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
 They are Oviparous.
 Examples- Flying and Flightless Birds.

46. Flying Birds

47. Flightless Birds

48. Class - Mammalia
 Body is divisible into Head,Trunk, & Tail.
 The exo-skeleton is made up of Hairs.
 Locomotor organs are typical Pentadactyl.
 Respiratory organs are a pair of Lungs.
 Heart is 4 chambered.
 RBC are Enucleate.
 Brain is well developed, 12 pairs of Cranial
nerves
 They are generally Viviparous.
 Mammary glands are present.

49. Mammals

51. 
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 THANK YOU


 By,
 Sindhu .V. K.
 MSc.B.Ed.
 G.P.U.College Uppinangady