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Building Blocks Presentation
- 1. BUILDING BLOCKS PROKIDS CASA TRAINING BIRTH TO AGE 5
- 2. OBJECTIVES • To understand the principles of child development for children birth to 5 years old • To learn about the implications of development on behavior • To examine the impact of caregiver interactions on young children • To understand the impact of trauma and toxic stress • To learn about effective interventions and documentation • To identify services available to young children and their
- 4. 0- 6 months 6 – 12 months 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Physical Development Gross Motor Fine Motor Sheridan 1997 Fahlberg, 1994 Supports head Tracks objects Grabs foot Turns to sound Rolls over front to back Puts everything in mouth Sits and crawls May stand alone Uses both hands Crossing midline Picks up objects Changes positions without falling Pulls up to standing position Drinks from cup Gives toys on request Stranger anxiety Walking Runs and climbs Walks down stairs Feeds self Kicks ball Stacks blocks Difficulty sharing Walks upstairs Opens doors Uses utensils Rides tricycle Cuts with scissors Toilet trained both day and night Hops and climbs Changes directions Throws ball Catches balls Draws people Dresses self with some help Skips, dances, walks on tiptoe Cuts food with fork and knife Dresses alone Writes letters Copies shapes Laces shoes Cognitive Development Piaget 1896-1990 SENSORY MOTOR STAGE Understanding of the world is achieved through sensory exploration. Understands concepts of cause and effect, object permanence. PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE Becoming less egocentric. Capable of symbolic representations. Expresses self through language and play. Not yet able to organize information learned or systematic thought. Psychosocial Development Erikson 1902-1994 TRUST VS. MISTRUST First feelings about the world are determined. Positive experiences lead to feelings that one’s needs will be met. Unreliable care leads to feelings of insecurity. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT Increasing self-awareness and impact on environment. Needs safe place to try new skills. Needs help managing transitions. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT Imagination and conscience develop. Takes responsibility for own actions. Balance between boundaries and responsibility important.
- 5. 0- 6 months 6 – 12 months 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Peer Relationships Stages of play Hall Piaget Vygotsky SOLITARY PLAY Play is limited to self and interaction with object. Little to no interest in others in environment. PARALLEL PLAY Plays adjacent to peers but without cooperation. Based on shared interest. Shares space. ASSOCIATIVE PLAY Plays with others by sharing toys but remains in own role. COOPERATIVE PLAY Able to manage roles in play that relate to others. Shares space and materials. Understands games with rules. Language Development Receptive Expressive Chomsky 1980-1992 Cooing vowel sounds (eee, oooh, ah) Babbling Turns head toward sounds Laughs Crib talk Consonant sounds Syllable variation First word approximations Relates words with objects Knows and reacts to name 10-15 words Uses nouns and pronouns Some unintelligible speech still Practicing inflection Follows simple commands Relates nouns to objects 40-50 words May say 2-3 words in sentence Understands 150-300 words Understands simple questions Uses own name Points to pictures 150-300+ words Asks simple questions Can have poor fluency Answers what, where, when questions Understands 600-1000 words 600-1500 words 3-4 word sentences Fluency improving Uses adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions Follows multi-step directions Understands if, because, when 1500-2100 words 3-4 syllable words Uses complete sentences Knows full name and birthday Knows time concepts Understands more complicated sentences
- 6. Zero-6 months 6 – 12 months 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional (psychosocial) Development Peer Relationships (type of play) Language and Communication Development Caregiver Strengths: Caregiver Concerns: Next Steps:
- 7. Implications of Development on Behavior Egocentric vs. Egotistical Children learn by exploring their world in relationship to themselves Experiences are IMMEDIATE, INTENSE, AND PERSONAL
- 8. Implications of Development on Behavior WHY? Answering “why” questions involves reversibility of thought in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development Using “who” , “what” and “where” are more appropriate
- 9. Implications of Development on Behavior Fear of Independence New skills are both exciting and concerning Expectations beyond developmental norms lead to feelings of inadequacy
- 10. Implications of Development on Behavior Spoiled Rotten? Spoiling is when an action is taken by the adult which meets their needs, not the child’s.
- 11. Implications of Development on Behavior Reality vs. Fantasy The ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy is dependent on both cognitive and emotional development.
- 12. Implications of Development on Behavior Actions speak louder than words Children learn through play and exploration Observations of play can tell you a lot!
- 13. Children See, Children Do
- 14. Trauma Serious injury or shock to the body, as from violence or accident Emotional wound or shock that creates substantial, lasting damage to the psychological development of a person, often leading to neurosis. Event or situation that causes great distress and disruption • (AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY, 2000)
- 15. Toxic Stress Stress = organism’s response to environmental demands or pressures Positive stress response normal part of healthy development Tolerable stress response longer lasting/more severe difficulties Toxic stress response chronic/prolonged adversity
- 16. Trauma and Toxic Stress Domestic violence/intimate partner violence Physical abuse Sexual abuse Neglect Mental health issues Substance abuse issues Loss of critical attachments
- 17. Impact of Trauma and Stress Physically depressed immune system=resulting illnesses Emotionally depression, anxiety, hyperarousal, sleep disturbances, anger, withdrawal, substance abuse Intellectually inability to focus or concentrate, long and short term memory problems, impaired decision making
- 19. Impact of Trauma and Toxic Stress 1. Feeding and Eating difficulties 2. Sleep difficulties 3. Developmental Concerns 4. Behavior Concerns 5. Physical and Medical concerns
- 20. Attachment
- 21. Attachment
- 22. Attachment secure attachment leads to self-confidence, friendships and healthy adult relationships insecure attachment leads to behavior problems, inability to self-soothe, hostility and negative emotions
- 23. Interventions
- 24. Case Study
- 25. Services