Session 4e shari_franjevic_green_screen for safer chemicals
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OECD Global Forum on Environment - Plastics in a Circular Economy, 29-31 May 2018
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Session 4e shari_franjevic_green_screen for safer chemicals
- 1. OECD Forum: Design of Sustainable Plastics from a Chemicals Perspective Session 4: Technical Tools and Approaches GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals & Plastics Scorecard May 30, 2018 Shari Franjevic GreenScreen Program Manager Clean Production Action
- 2. GreenScreen® Family of Products GreenScreen v. 1.4: Section II: Polymers Section III: Products CFP Chemicals of High Concern (CoHCs): >2000 chemicals 2
- 3. GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals Hazard assessment method to identify chemicals of concern and safer alternatives. – Transparent method – Hazard-based – Comprehensive – Scientifically robust – Developed by independent NGO 3 Download methodology: https://www.greenscreenchemicals.org/method/method-documents
- 4. 18 Hazard Endpoints Human Health Group I Human Health Group II and II* Environmental Toxicity & Fate Physical Hazards Carcinogenicity Acute Toxicity Acute Aquatic Toxicity Reactivity Mutagenicity & Genotoxicity Systemic Toxicity & Organ Effects Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Flammability Reproductive Toxicity Neurotoxicity Other Ecotoxicity studies when available Developmental Toxicity Skin Sensitization PersistenceRespiratory Sensitization Endocrine Activity Skin Irritation Bioaccumulation Eye Irritation 4 Each Hazard Endpoint has criteria to assign a hazard level (i.e., High, Moderate, or Low)
- 5. Group I Human Group II and II* Human Ecotox Fate Physical Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity ReproductiveToxicity DevelopmentalToxicity EndocrineActivity AcuteToxicity SystemicToxicity Neurotoxicity SkinSensitization* RespiratorySensitization* SkinIrritation EyeIrritation AcuteAquaticToxicity ChronicAquaticToxicity Persistence Bioaccumulation Reactivity Flammability single repeated * single repeated * * * L L L M M L L L vH H L DG L L H H vL L M L 5 Hazard Summary Table 1. Hazard Classification • vH = very High L = Low • H = High vL = very Low • M = Moderate DG = Data Gap 2. Level of Confidence: • Bold = High confidence • Italics = Low confidence
- 6. Benchmark 4 Prefer – Safer Chemical Benchmark 3 Use but Still Opportunity for Improvement Benchmark 1 Avoid – Chemical of High Concern Benchmark 2 Use but Search for Safer Substitutes 6 Benchmark U = Undetermined due to insufficient data • Environmental Transformation Products • Data Gaps
- 7. 7 • CMRs = o Carcinogens, o Mutagens, or o Reproductive / Developmental Toxicants • PBTs = o Persistent, and o Bioaccumulative, and o Toxic • Equivalent Concern = o Endocrine Disruptors Chemicals of High Concern
- 8. GreenScreen List Translator screens chemicals on lists against GreenScreen criteria to rapidly identify potential Benchmark-1 chemicals. • Translates listing to: – Hazard endpoints – Hazard levels – List Translator scores • Uses >40 “authoritative” and “screening” lists e.g., – EU SVHC Candidate List (authoritative) – IARC (authoritative) – ChemSec SIN List (screening) • Score – LT-1 meets Benchmark-1 criteria based on authoritative list 8 GreenScreen List Translator
- 9. • Published in 2014 • Evaluates plastic production and plastic product from a chemical hazard lens – Polymer manufacturing – Plastic product Plastic Scorecard 9
- 12. Polymer Manufacturing Score All of the manufacturing steps involves the use of chemicals of high concern as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-1. Some of the manufacturing steps include chemicals of high concern as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-1, and others do not. None of the manufacturing steps include core chemical inputs that are chemicals of high concern as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-1. 12
- 14. Plastic Product 14 • Polymer and Oligomers • Unreacted Monomers • Residual Catalysts • Additives • Processing Aids Thresholds: ≥ 1000 ppm intentionally added ≥ 100 ppm chemicals of high concern
- 15. 15
- 16. GreenScreen® v.1.4 16 • Published in Jan 2018 • Evaluates polymer substance and plastic product from a chemical hazard lens – Section II: Assessing Polymers – Section III: Assessing Products including plastic products
- 17. Polymer Substance • Polymer species • Residual monomer(s) ≥100 ppm • Oligomers • Stabilizer(s) ≥100 ppm • Substance impurities ≥100 ppm 17 Polymer Assessment * Polymer substance aligned with REACH Definition “Polymer Mixture” • Polymer substance (above) • Unreacted monomers ≥100 ppm
- 18. Classifying Hazards • GHS mixture rules and thresholds • Lower threshold (100 ppm) for monomer(s) and catalyst(s)* • Polymer of low concern attributes 18 Polymer Assessment * High hazard classification for Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, ReproductiveToxicity, DevelopmentalToxicity, and/or EndocrineActivity Assigning a Benchmark score • Considers transformation products • Considers data gaps • Considers monomers and catalysts of high concern*
- 19. GreenScreen Polymer Hazard Summary Table Group I Human Group II and II* Human Ecotox Fate Physical Carcinogenicity Genotoxicity/Mutagenicity ReproductiveToxicity DevelopmentalToxicity EndocrineActivity AcuteToxicity SystemicToxicity Neurotoxicity SkinSensitization* RespiratorySensitization* SkinIrritation EyeIrritation AcuteAquaticToxicity ChronicAquaticToxicity Persistence Bioaccumulation Reactivity Flammability single repeat* single repeat* * * BM Polymer Substance DG M L L DG L M M L L DG H H M M vH L L L 1CoHC Residual Monomer ≥100 ppm and <1000 ppm H M Hypothetical example for illustration purposes 19 GreenScreen Benchmark- 1CoHC Polymer Assessment
- 20. “Polymeric Material” • Polymer substance/mixture ≥ 0 ppm • Functional additives ≥ 0 ppm • Material impurities ≥ 100 ppm 20 Plastic Product Assessment
- 22. Future Potential GreenScreen Plastic Product Score Currently available for chemical formulations used in textile manufacturing Does not contain LT-1 Does not contain Benchmark-1 Contains only Benchmark-3 and -4 22
- 23. Resources • GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals Hazard Assessment Guidance For Chemicals, Polymers, and Products: https://www.greenscreenchemicals.org/method/method- documents • Plastics Scorecard Version 1.0: https://www.bizngo.org/sustainable-materials/plastics-scorecard • The Chemical Footprint Project - Guidance for Using the CFP Assessment Tool: http://www.chemicalfootprint.org/resources/entry/resource-cfp- guidance 23
- 24. Thank You! For further information: Shari Franjevic GreenScreen Program Manager Shari@cleanproduction.org 24www.cleanproduction.org
- 25. Polymer Manufacturing Score All of the manufacturing steps involves the use of chemicals of high concern as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-1. Some manufacturing steps include chemicals of high concern as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-1, and others do not. None of the manufacturing steps include core chemical inputs that are chemicals of high concern as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-1. All of the manufacturing steps use green chemicals as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-4.
- 26. Polymer Manufacturing E.g., Polystyrene Manufacturing Stage Chemical CASRN EC no. Primary Chemicals Benzene Ethylene 71-43-2 74-85-1 200-753-7 200-815-3 Intermediate Chemical Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 202-849-4 Monomer Styrene 100-42-5 202-851-5
- 27. Polymer Manufacturing E.g., Polystyrene Manufacturing Stage Chemical GreenScreen Score Polymer Manufacturing Score Primary Chemical Benzene Ethylene Benchmark-1 LT-UNK 0 Intermediate Chemical Ethylbenzene Benchmark-2 2 Monomer Styrene Benchmark-1 0 Manufacturing Score: [1/3*(0/4) + 1/3*(2/4) + 1/3*(0/4)]* 100 = 16.67% = ORANGE Some manufacturing steps include chemicals of high concern as defined by GreenScreen® Benchmark-1, and others do not.
- 28. Polymer Manufacturing E.g., Polystyrene Manufacturing Chemical CASRN EC no. Benchmark Score Benzene 71-43-2 200-753-7 Benchmark-1 Ethylene 74-85-1 200-815-3 Not yet assessed Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 202-849-4 Benchmark-2 Monomer Styrene 100-42-5 Benchmark-1
- 29. Polymer Assessment 29 Polymer Mixture • Unreacted Monomer ≥ 100 ppm Polymer Substance • Polymer chains of varying lengths ≥ 100 ppm • Residual monomer(s) ≥ 100 ppm • Oligomers • Stabilizer(s) ≥ 100 ppm • Substance Impurities ≥ 100 ppm Polymer Substance aligned with REACH Definition
- 30. Classify Hazards 30 Assess and Classify Hazards: a) Use Test Data for Polymer b) Apply Bridging Principles for Similar Polymer c) Apply Hazard Criteria for Qualifying Constituents or Components* d) Apply Expert Judgment GHS Mixture Rules and Thresholds Polymer of Low Concern Attributes *Step c does not apply for physical hazards and fate endpoints; not included in GHS
- 31. Assign a Benchmark Score 31 Assign a Benchmark score: a) Benchmark criteria b) Environmental Transformation Products c) Data Gaps d) Chemical of High Concern Analysis to monomers and catalysts Addition: Apply 100 ppm threshold for CMRs**Includes all Group I Human Health Endpoint: Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Endocrine Same steps as for non- polymeric chemicals
- 32. Polymer Substance Thresholds 32 Constituents Inventory Thresholds Assessment Thresholds Minimum Qualifying Constituent Assessment Thresholds Potential Chemicals of High Concern Assessment Thresholds Human Health I: C,M,E Human Health I: R,D Other endpoints Human Health I: C,M,E,R,D Polymer species > 0 ppm ≥ 1000 ppm ≥ 3000 ppm Variable. See Tables in Annex 8 in GreenScreen 1.4 N/A Residual monomer(s) ≥100 ppm ≥ 1000 ppm ≥ 3000 ppm ≥100 ppm Catalysts ≥100 ppm ≥ 1000 ppm ≥ 3000 ppm ≥100 ppm Oligomers ≥100 ppm ≥ 1000 ppm IF: the number average molecular weight of the polymer substance is ≥ 1000 and < 10,000 Da and if oligomers with molecular weight <500 Da are present at ≥10%; and/or oligomers with molecular weight <1,000 Da are present at ≥25% ≥ 3000 ppm IF: same rationale as C, M, E N/A Stabilizer(s) ≥100 ppm ≥1000 ppm ≥3000 ppm N/A Substance impurities ≥100 ppm ≥1000 ppm ≥3000 ppm N/A “Special case” impurities >0 to <100 ppm (chemicals of high concern typically found in polymer) >0 to <100 ppm (screen with GS List Translator) >0 to <100 ppm (screen with GS List Translator) >0 to <100 ppm (screen with GS List Translator) N/A Additives, e.g., plasticizers > 0 ppm Additives are reviewed separately