Safflower Presentatation PDF.pdf

Department of Agril. Botany, College of Agriculture, V.N.M.K.V, Parbhani.
Field visit at AICRP, Parbhani
A short review about of Safflower crop

© S.L. Dhare
© S.L. Dhare
Presented by :
Sachin Laxman Dhare
Ph.D Scholar
( 2020A/03P)
Dept. of Agril. Botany
COA, VNMKV, Parbhani
Submitted to:
Dept. of Agril. Botany
COA, VNMKV, Parbhani.
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
College ofAgriculture, Parbhani.

Index
1 • Introduction
2
• Important facts about Safflower
3
• Classification of Safflower crop
4
• Importance of Oilseeds in India
5
• Importance of Safflower oil
6
• Plant morphology of Safflower
7
• Floral biology of Safflower
8
• Crossing and Pollination technique in Safflower

Index
9 • Institute working on Safflower.
10
• Indian Safflower Scenario and India’s worlds position
• Quality and Quantity parameters
12
• Nutritional aspects of Safflower
13
• Scenario of some safflower hybrids of India
14
• Scenario of some safflower varieties of India
15
• Strategies for increasing oil seeds production
10

1 Botanical name : Carthamus tinctorius L.
2 Family : Asteraceae (Compositae)
3 Origin :
Mediterranean and Persian gulf
(Weiss 1983)
4 Chromosome no : 2n=24
5 Classified as : Oilseed crop
6 Commonly known as : 1. Kardai, Kardi (मराठी)
2. Kusum Karrah (Hindi)
3. Jafran (Assamese)
4. Sendurakam(Tamil)
5. Hubulkhurtum (Kashmir)
6. ‘Honghua’ (China)
7. Aspir (Turkey)
8. Benibana (Japan)
9. Le carthame (France)
10. Saflor (Germany)
11. Qurtum (Iran)
12. Kusumppuli (Bangladesh)
INTRODUCTION
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Safflower is one of the most important oilseed crop and referred as ‘false saffron.’
(Weiss, 1983)
❖ Genus – Carthamus, Family – Asteraceae (Compositae)
❖ Carthamus - Arabic word quartum, or gurtum which refers to the color of the dye extracted
from Safflower ﬂowers.
❖ Asteraceae is recognized as the largest family of flowering plant and contain 1500 genera and
22,000 species.
❖ Safflower is one of humanity’s oldest crops, but generally it has been grown on small plots for
the grower’s personal use and it remains a minor crop with world seed production.
❖ Cultivated in hot arid dry region as it has high adaptability to low moisture conditions. (Sarode
et al., 2008). – cultivated more than 20 countries.
❖ It is xerophytic and herbaceous plant.
(Griffee, 2001)

❖ Historically earlier safflower was grown for its petals used for colouring
beverages, flavoring food and dye cotton and silk earlier to the availability of
low price aniline dyes become available in the earlier 19th sanctuary.
❖ Floret contain two coloring material
1. Carthamidin (20%) : a water soluble yellow pigment
2. Carthamin (2%) : a orange red dye insoluble in water but readily soluble
in alkaline solution.
(Dajue and Mundel, 1966)

The Crop View # 1
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Photo: ARS, BADNAPUR

The Crop View # 2
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Photo: COA, LATUR

• More or less Day neutral crop, grown as a rabi crop.
• It has got phenotypic plasticity of plant population.(Variation in plant density
changes structure and branching maintaining same yield level.)
• Tolerant to salinity but sensitive to water logging conditions.
• It is basically self pollinated crop but 5% to 40% out crossing occurs due to action
of honey bees so it is mentioned as often pollinated crops.
• 100 seed weight varies from 2.5 to 8 gm.
• Simultaneous improvements in seed yield and oil content can double the oil yield
potential in safflower” (See later……….)
• India produces about half of the world’s safflower crop each year (430,000 tons.)
Important facts about Safflower
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Safflower- Crop of false saffron.
(2n = 24)
Section-II Section-III
(2n = 20)
Carthamus Odonthagnathius Atractylis
(2n = 11)
C. oxyacanthus,
C. palaestinus,
C. persicus and
C. tinctorius.
C. dentatus,
C. divaricatus,
C. glaucus, and
C. tenuis.
Carthamus
Genus
Species
C. lanatus,
C. criticus,
C. baeticus and
C. turkestanicus
(López-González (1989), Spain)
Safflower
Asterales
Order
Sections
Section-I
Asteraceae
25
Family
Classification
of
safflower
crop
on
the
basis
of
sections
(Chromosome
number)
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Carthamus oxycanthus (Wild safflower) only the wild species which are
compatible to cultivated type while remaining are weedy species
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Carthamus lanatus (Saffron thistle)
Carthamus oxycanthus (Wild safflower)
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Uses of safflower
(Dajue and Mundel 1996)
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Uses of
Safflower
Edible oil
For
Human
health
Source
of
vitamin
Prepara
tion of
Dyes
Protective
crop
Feed for
birds.

Importance of Oilseeds in India
Forth largest oil economy in the
world after USA, china & brazil.
Oilseed cakes has 40-60% protein
(animal feed and organic manures).
Oil is chief food and energy
source.
Its cultivation provides employment
rural people (35 million) and
processing (1 million).
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Importance of Safflower oil
Lowers Cholestrol levels.
Cold pressed safflower oil
regulate prostaglandins
Controls Diabetes.
Controls Atherosclerosis
Reduce Risk of Obesity
Controls Diabetes
Linoleic properties help to relive
itching of a the body
Prevent strokes and Heart attack
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FALSE SAFFRON
Carthamus tinctorius L.
2n=2x=24
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1. Safflower is an erect, thistle- like plant
grows 30-150 cm in height and from sowing
to harvest can take 26 to 31 weeks
depending upon variety, management and
growing conditions. (Fig.1)
2. Safflower emerges 1 to 3 weeks after sowing
and the first leaves emerges forming a
rosette . (Fig.5)
3. The rosette stage slow and can last for
several weeks.
4. As temperature and day length increases the
stem begins to elongate and branch. (Fig.6)
5. Lateral branches develop on stem that are
about 20 to 40 cm height and these lateral
branches may branches may branch to
produce secondary and tertiary branches.
(Fig. 4)
Fig.1
Fig.2
Photo: AICRP, Parbhani
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6. Leaves are arranged on both the sides of
the stem. Leaf size varies with the variety
and the position on the plant, leaves are
typically 2.5-5 cm wide and 10-15 cm long.
Upper leaves often develop hard spines,
while those are spineless on lower stem
(Fig. 2)
7. The period of flowering to maturity takes
around four weeks .
8. As the plant mature they become stiff and
woody and resistant to some stresses such
as hail and wind. (Fig.6)
9. Plant produce taproot that, in the right
soil, can elongate up to 3 meters, With
numerous thin horizontal roots. (Fig. 4)
This deep root system allow the plant to
extract water and nutrient from deeper
layers of soil than many other crop plant
(Dajue and Mundel 1996: GRDC 2010)
Photo: AICRP, Parbhani Fig.3
Fig.4
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Fig 5 :Rosette stage of safflower crop.
✓During this rosette stage, young safflower plants are resistant to cold, even frost, but
the crop is very vulnerable to fast-growing weeds.(Dajue and Mündel 1966)
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Fig 6 : Stem elongation stage of safflower. GRDC (2010)
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Emergence
Rosette
Stem
elongation
Initial
Branching
Full
Branching
Flowering Maturity
Fig 7 : Schematic sketch of growth stages of Safflower plant (Kaffka and Kearney ,1988)

1.Safflower inflorescence is called Capitulum/ head (fig.8)
2.It is surrounded by several layers of bract, outer layer is spined (fig.9a and 9b)
3.A small apical opening through which corolla tubes of flower protrude.
4.Colour of the flower vary from yellow red orange but deep yellow is most common
(fig.10)
5.Flowering begins in the primary capitulum, then the secondary capitula and so
forth. Within a capitulum, flowering begins in the outer circle of florets and
progresses centripetally towards the centre of the capitulum over several days, up to
a week. (Fig.11)
6.Ray florets are absent in safflower. The disc florets are hermaphrodite. When the
florets fully emerge from the corolla tube, size of the anther is about 3.5-4.5 mm.
Before flowering, the stigma is enclosed by five fused anthers, which are attached
by very short filaments to the tip of the corolla tube. Usually all florets that open
and takes 3-4 days to open all the florets in an inflorescence ( Fig. 12)
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8. It consist of 20 to 100 florets collected closely together on the circular
receptacle.
9. The total bloom stage may last for 4 weeks or more, greatly influenced by
growing environment. Shades of orange, yellow and red flowers are most
common.
10. In early bloom, but post-bloom colours are darker. White flowers occur rarely.
11. The florets are tubular and largely self-pollinating with generally less than 10%
outcrossing (Knowles 1969).
12. Stigma is well covered with florets own pollen ensuring self pollination (Fig.
13)
13. Developed capitula contain 15-30 or more achene (Fig.14), which mature from
4 to 5 weeks after flowering.
14. A mature achene of common varieties is made up of 33-60% hull and 40-67%
kernel. Oil content ranges from 20 to 45% or more of the whole seed. Seed
mass increases rapidly during the first 15 days after flowering.
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Fig.8 :- Safflower inflorescence (Capitulum/Head)
Photo: AICRP, Parbhani Photo: AICRP, Parbhani Photo: AICRP, Parbhani
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Inner bract
Inner bract
Outer bract
Middle bract
Fig.9 (a) - Bracts of safflower.
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Inner bract
safflower
Fig.9(b)- Bracts of safflower
Outer bract
spined layer
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Golden yellow
(Sagarmuthyalu )
Brilliant Orange (NARI-6) Faint Yellow (GMU-2720)
Grey (JSF-1) Orange red (Manjira)
Faint Pinkish (Bhima)
Fig.10 Variation among flower colour of different safflower genotypes/varieties

Inner bract
Spined outer
layer
Fig.11. Flowering begins through outer circle of florets and
progresses centripetally towards the centre of the capitulum
Emerging
flowers
through outer
circle
Photo: AICRP, Parbhani Photo: AICRP, Parbhani
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Inner bract
Spined outer
layer
Fig.12 (a). Emergence of florets from the corolla tube
Pollens
Corolla
tube
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Inner bract
Spined outer
layer
Fig.12 (b). View of Disk (tubular) floret after removing bracts.
View 1 View 2
Disk
(tubular)
florets
Disk
(tubular)
florets
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Inner bract
Spined outer
layer
Fig.12 (c). View of Disk (tubular) floret after removing from bracts.
Single Disk
(tubular)
floret
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Inner bract
Spined outer
layer
Sketch of
Anther tube
(slit on one
side)
(Petals)
(Anther
tube)
Stigma
(Single
flower of
safflower)
Fig.12 (d). Close View of single Disk (tubular) floret after removing from bracts.
(Stigma)
Branch with
capitulum
Photo: ARS, Badnapur
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a) Safflower pistil coated with pollen
at the time of anthesis.
b) Safflower pistil without pollen at the time
of anthesis. (Need cross pollination)
Pollens
Pistil
a b
Fig.13. Stigma is well covered with own pollens.
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2n=2x=24
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2n=2x=24
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1. Disc florets usually begins to open in the morning and prolongs till mid day
2. Ray florets are absent in safflower. The disc florets are hermaphrodite. When
the florets fully emerge from the corolla tube, anthesis of disc florets takes
place between 05:30-08:00 h depending upon time of sunrise.
3. Before flowering, the stigma is enclosed by five fused anthers, which are
attached by very short filaments to the tip of the corolla tube. Usually all
florets that open during a given day have begun to elongate by the sun rise
times. It takes 3-4 days to open all the florets in an inflorescence (Figure 1).
4. Anther dehiscence, takes place at the top of the anther column as the stigma
emerges from within the anther tube.
5. By the time this process of elongation is completed, the stigma is usually
well-covered with the floret’s own pollen.
(Knowles 1980).
(Arun K. Pandey * and Aloka Kumari)
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❖ Safflower is a self pollinated crop (90-100%) with an outcrossing of
5-40% depending upon bee activity (Knowles, 1966)
➢ To enhance their genetic homogeneity, plants selected as parents for
genetic studies and breeding purposes are selfed by covering the
flowers for one or two successive generations.
✓Selfing can be achieved through covering the capitulum with butter
paper cover or selfing net bags before opening of flowers
Selfing: -
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Crossing techniques : -
❑ To ensure planned crossing, flowers are emasculated by removing the anther
tubes, along with the upper portion of the corolla tubes and petal lobes, in
the late bud stage (Knowles 1980).
❑ Flower should be emasculated before anthesis i.e stamens are removed
without damaging stigma.
❑ In the next morning freshly collected pollens are dusted and head is covered
with proper paper.
❑ It takes 3-4 days to open all the florets in an inflorescence
❑ The stigma remains receptive 14 hrs before anthesis and after 72 hrs the
receptivity is completely lost.
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Pollination: -
❑ The next day, when the styles have elongated, the emasculated florets are
fertilized with pollen from a preselected flower or head..
❑ To maximize seed set, the procedure is repeated on three successive days.
On completion of flowering, polythene bags are replaced with tissue paper
bags,
✓ The seed setting is maximum 20.58% in the cross pollinated
florets from different plant.
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1. The capitulum selected for emasculation should
be not be fully self fertilized.
2. The capitulum with less emerged florets from
center circle can be selected for emasculation.
3. If less number self fertile florets are their, it can
be discarded while remaining central
unmatured florets can be used for
emasculation
4. The capitulum should be free from disease and
pest attack.
Selection of capitulum/head for emasculation
Step 1:-
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Removal of Outer, middle and inner bracts
Step 2:-
1 2 3
4 5
5 6 7
5
Fig Steps for removing bracts (1-4), Arrow indicating self fertilized flower which should be discarded (5-6), while
circle portion indicating unmatured florets which can be used for emasculation (7).
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Removal of Anther tube/ corolla tube
Step 3:-
Fig.: Make a slight horizontal cut to the corolla tube (1-3), Push the corolla tube upward gently
(4-7), Emasculation of all unmatured florets (8), a view after complete emasculation (9).
*Emasculation time (4.00- 6.00 PM)*
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
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Photo: AICRP, Parbhani Photo: AICRP, Parbhani Photo: AICRP, Parbhani Photo: AICRP, Parbhani

1. After emasculation, the capitulum should be
covered with proper paper bag to prevent from
outcrossing and purpose to prevent any damage.
2. The tagging is done for identification.
Covering the capitulum with proper paper
Step 4:-
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1. The next day, morning time @ 6.00-8.00
AM, when the styles have elongated, the
emasculated florets are fertilized with pollen
from a preselected flower or collected
pollens in Petri dish from desirable male
parents.
2. To maximize seed set, the procedure is
repeated on three successive days.
Pollination
Step 5:-
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Setting of seeds after successive pollination
Seed setting noticed after 8-9 days
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© S.L. Dhare Selfing to prevent outcrossing

Institute working on safflower
✓Agricultural research station. Annigiri, Dharwad.
✓AICRP (Safflower) centre, Nimbkar,
Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan
✓AICRP on Safflower, VNMKV, Parbhani.
✓Directorate of oil seed research, Hyderabad.
✓Mahatma phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Maharashtra.
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✓ Refrences:-
- Field crop production (Commercial crop) vol-2
- Dr. Rajedra Prasad, ICAR Publication
- www.Google.com

Indian Safflower
Scenario and World
Position
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Sr.No States
Area
(In ' 000 Hectar)
Production
(In ' 000 Tonne)
Productivity
(In Kg./Hectare)
1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Andhra Pradesh 1.00 0.5 490
3 Arunachal Pradesh 0.2 0.2 973
4 Bihar 0.09 0.07 812
5 Chhattisgarh 0.1 0.08 409
6 Gujarat 0.00 0.00 0 .00
7 Jharkhand 0.3 0.01 491
8 Karnataka 26.00 25.00 972
9 Madhya Pradesh 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Maharashtra 22.00 14.00 691
11 Odisha 0.3 0.1 600
12 Uttar Pradesh - - -
13 Telangana 2.00 2.00 1105
14 West Bengal - - -
India 55.00 44.00 843
Indian Safflower Scenario (2019-20)
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© S.L. Dhare Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers
Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, GOI. http://eands.dacnet.nic.in

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© S.L. Dhare Source: Source: http://faostat3.fao.org (As on 31st May, 2021)
India’s position in worlds area and production of oilseeds
Sr. no Oilseeds Rank in area Rank in Production
1 Castor First First
2 Groundnut First Second
3 Linseed Fifth Fifth
4 Rapeseeds-mustard Second Third
5 Safflower Fourth Sixth
6 Sesame Second First
7 Soybean Fourth Fifth
8 Sunflower Tenth Sixteenth

Nutritional aspect of Safflower.
• Edible oils are the concentrated source of energy.
• The energy content of the 1 kg oil is much higher (39.80 mg/kg) where as
pulses (23.88 mg/kg) and cereals (16.76 mg/kg).
• Protein:-14-19%
• Ash:- 5-7%
A) Oil properties B) Content of fatty acids
Sr
No.
Particular Values Particular Percentage(%)
1 Colour Golden yellow Linoleic acid 70-80
2 Specific gravity 0.9 Oleic acid 6-8
3 Refractive index 1.4 Palmitic acid 5-8
4 Iodine value 130-150 Stearic acid 2-3
5
Saponification value 186-194 - -
6 Free fatty acids 0.15-1% - -
• Crude fiber:- 32-34%
• Oil content :- 28-32%
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Quality and Quantity
Parameters
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B) Petals : Change of colour
Colour Example of genotype
Grey white JSF-1
Pinkish white Bhima
Golden yellow Sagarmuthyalu
Orange Manjira
Orange Red NARI-6
Quality parameter in safflower
A) Seed : Oil content (%)
Category Oil content (%) Example of genotype
low (<25) -
Medium (25-30) A-1
High (>33) NARI-NH-1
Source :- Nodal DUS test center, DOR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
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C. Plant Height
Category Height upto main capitula (cm) Example of genotype
Very short (<51) JSI-99
Short (51-60) -
Medium (61-70) -
Tall (71-80) AKS-207
Very tall (>80) NARI-NH-1
D. Seed : Number/ main capitula
Category Number/ main capitula Example of genotype
low (<15) -
Medium (15-30) Bhima
High (>30) A-2
Quantity parameter in safflower
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Source :- Nodal DUS test center, DOR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.

Need for improving oil yield potential of
Indian safflower cultivars.
Seed yield
(kg/ha)
Oil content
(%)
Oil yield
(kg/ha)
1000 30 1000 x 0.30 = 300
1000 40 1000 x 0.40 = 400
1500 30 1500 x 0.30 = 450
1500 40 1500 x 0.40 = 600
“Simultaneous improvements in seed yield and oil
content can double the oil yield potential in
safflower.”
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Scenario of Some Safflower Hybrids of India SAFFLOWER
© S.L. Dhare
DSH-129
MKH 11
NARI 11
NARI-NH-1 (PH6)
NARI-H-15
MRSA-521
NARI-H-23
DSH-185

The latest......
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© S.L. Dhare
(Source:
ICAR-Indian
Institute
of
Oilseeds
Research)

DSH-185 is the first public sector CGMS-based safflower hybrid developed at ICAR-Indian Institute of
Oilseeds Research. It has been released and notified for all India cultivation. DSH-185 is a cross between
A-133 (CGMS line) x 1705-p22 (a restorer line). Wild species, Carthamus oxyacantha is the source of
cytoplasmic genetic male sterility in A-133.
SAFFLOWER
© S.L. Dhare
(Source:
ICAR-Indian
Institute
of
Oilseeds
Research)

Name of Hybrid DSH-185
Pedigree : CMS-A-133 x 1705-p22
Method of breeding/selection : Hybrid breeding
Method of propagation : Cross-pollination
Year of release : 2013
Developed by : ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad
Released at Central or State level : Central
Notified vide S.O. No. & date : 1379(E), 27/03/2018
Recommended ecology :
All India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh)
Special attribute : Resistant to Fusarium wilt
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1600 (rainfed) - 2250 (irrigated)
Average yield (kg/ha) : 1430 (rainfed) - 1740 (irrigated)
Oil Content(%) : 28-29
Days to maturity : 120-125(RF), 135-140 (irrigated)
Days to 50% flowering : 75-80
DSH-185
Remark: Resistant to Fusarium wilt
First CGMS based hybrid of safflower
for commercial use
(Source: ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research)

Name of Hybrid : DSH-129
Pedigree : MS 9(O) x A1
Developed by :
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research,
Hyderabad
Recommended ecology : All Inida
Special attribute :
Resistant to wilt, moderately tolerant to Alternaria leaf
blight and aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 3500 (irrigated)
Average yield (kg/ha) : 2200 (irrigated)
Oil Content(%) : 30
Days to maturity : 120-125
DSH-129
Safflower Fist hybrid released
by Directorate of oilseed
Research, Hyderabad

Name of Hybrid : MKH-11
Pedigree : MS-5008 x NMK-3480
Developed by : MAHYCO, Jalna
Recommended ecology : All India
Special attribute :
Moderately tolerant to wilt, Alternaria leaf
blight and aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 3500 (irrigated)
Average yield (kg/ha) : 2200 (irrigated)
Oil Content(%) : 28
MKH-11
First Safflower hybrid by
Private sector

Name of Hybrid : NARI-NH-1 (PH6))
Pedigree : MMS x C2829-5-3a-6
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Nimbkar,
Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan
Recommended ecology : All Inida
Special attribute :
Moderately tolerant to wilt, Alternaria leaf
blight and aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1936
Average yield (kg/ha) : 1500
Oil Content(%) : 30
Days to maturity : 127
Days to 50% flowering : 85
NARI-NH-1 (PH6))
Remark : Non-spiny nature

Name of Hybrid NARI-H-15
Pedigree : MSV-10-1-5 x GMU 2369
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre,
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan
Recommended ecology : Assured irrigated areas in India
Special attribute : Moderately tolerant to aphid
Average yield (kg/ha) : -
Oil Content(%) : 28
Days to 50% flowering : 89
NARI-H-15

Name of Hybrid : MRSA-521
Pedigree : MS-1308 x MK-1018
Developed by : MAHYCO, Jalna
Adoption area : Maharashtra, Karnataka
Special attribute :
CMS based hybrid, resistant
to wilt
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 000-1500 (Rainfed), 2200-2500 (Irrigated)
Oil Content(%) : 27
CMS based hybrid, resistant
to wilt

Name of Hybrid NARI-H-23
Pedigree : TMS-3-1-9-1 x D-152-12
Developed by :
Assured irrigated zones of Maharashtra, Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, West Bengal
Special attribute : Tolerant to wilt
Potential yield (kg/ha) : -
Oil Content(%) : 31
Days to 50% flowering : -
NARI-H-23

Scenario of Some Safflower varieties of India
SAFFLOWER
© S.L. Dhare
1 A1
2 Annigeri-1
3 Manjira
4 S-144
5* Tara
6 TYPE-6503
7* Bhima
8 JSF-1
9 Sagarmutyalu
10 Malviya kusum-305
11 Nira
12* Girna
13** Sharada
14 JSI-7
15 A-2
16 JSI-73
17 NARI-6
18** PBNS-12
19* Phule Kusum
20 JSF-99
21* AKS-207
22** PBNS-40
23 SSF-708*
24* PKV PINK
25 NARI 57
26 NARI -96
27* SSF12-40
28 ISF-1
29* SSF 13-71
30 CGKUSUM-1
*,** Varieties released by Maharashtra Agricultural Universities. ** Varieties released by AICRP, Parbhani.
(Source:
ICAR-Indian
Institute
of
Oilseeds
Research)

Name of Variety : A-300
Pedigree : Selection from local bulk
Method of breeding/selection : Selection
Method of propagation : Self-pollination
Developed by :
Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri,
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Notified vide S.O. No. & date : 13, 19/12/1978
Recommended ecology : Karnataka
Special attribute :
Resistant to wilt, moderately tolerant to Alternaria leaf
blight and aphid
Days to 50% flowering 70-72
A-300
ie. Annigeri 300

Name of Variety : A-1 (Annigeri-1)
Pedigree : A-482-1 x A-300
Developed by :
Recommended ecology : Karnataka, Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan
Special attribute : Moderately tolerant to wilt, aphid
Oil Content(%) : 28
A-1 (Annigeri-1)

Name of Variety : Manjira
Pedigree : C-438
Method of breeding/selection : Direct selection
Developed by :
Released at Central or State level : State
Recommended ecology : Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
Special attribute : -
Oil Content(%) : 28
Days to 50% flowering 75
Manjira

Name of Variety S-144
Pedigree : GMU 372
Developed by :
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Raichur,
University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur
Recommended ecology : Karnataka, Bihar
Special attribute : Tolerant to aphid
Oil Content(%) : 29.5
S-144

Name of Variety : Tara (143-20)
Pedigree : N-62-8 x C. palaestinus
Method of breeding/selection : Pedigree
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre
Jalgaon, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri
Recommended ecology : Western Maharashtra
Special attribute : Erect growth
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1000-1200 (Rainfed)
Oil Content(%) : 28
Days to 50% flowering -
Tara (143-20)

Name of Variety : TYPE -6503
Pedigree : Local selection
Developed by : Uttar Pradesh
Recommended ecology : Uttar Pradesh
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1000-1200 (Rainfed)
Average yield (kg/ha) : 1200-1400
Oil Content(%) : 28
TYPE -6503

Name of Variety : Bhima
Pedigree : A-300
Developed by :
Dry farming Research Station, Solapur,
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri
Notified vide S.O. No. & date : 2(E) 814(E), 3/1/1983
Recommended ecology : Western Maharashtra
Special attribute : Erect growth
BHIMA
Pinkish white
flower colour variety

Name of Variety JSF-1
Pedigree : Sel. IC 11839
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Indore Rajmata Vijayaraje
Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior
Recommended ecology : Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1500-1600 (Irrigated)
JAWAHAR SAFFLOWER-1

Name of Variety : Sagarmutyalu (APRR-3)
Pedigree : EC-27250 (SF429)
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Tandur, Professor Jayashankar
Telengana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad
Released at Central or State level : Sate
Recommended ecology : Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
Special attribute : Resistant to rust
Oil Content(%) : 28
Sagarmutyalu (APRR-3)
Resistance to rust disease

Name of Variety : NIRA
Pedigree : A1 x G1254
Method of breeding/selection : selection
Developed by :
Recommended ecology : Irrigated areas of Maharashtra
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1300-1500 (irrigated)
Oil Content(%) : 28
NIRA

Name of Variety GIRNA
Pedigree : A1 x G1254
Method of breeding/selection : Not known
Method of propagation : Self pollination
Developed by :
Oilseeds Research Station, Jalgaon
Recommended ecology : Khandesh region of Maharashtra
Special attribute : Moderately resistant to wilt
GIRNA

Name of Variety SHARDA
Pedigree : Sel. No. 168
Developed by :
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Parbhani
Released at Central or State
level
: State
Recommended ecology : Marathwada region of Maharashtra
Special attribute : Moderately tolerant to aphid and wilt
Potential yield (kg/ha) :
1000-1200 (Rainfed)
1600-1800 (Irrigated)
Oil Content(%) : 29
SHARDA (BSF-138-4)

Name of Variety : JAWAHAR SPINELESS SAFFLOWER (JSI-7)
Pedigree : Sel. JSF1909
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Indore
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia
Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior
Special attribute : Non-spiny
Oil Content(%) : 28
JAWAHAR SPINELESS
SAFFLOWER-7 (JSI-7)
Non spiny nature

Name of Variety A-2
Pedigree : (A1 x 166-6) x 328
Developed by :
Agricultural Research Station,
Annigeri, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Recommended ecology : Rainfed regions in Karnataka
Special attribute : Reduced hull, tolerant to aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1200-1700
Oil Content(%) : 31
A-2

Name of Variety JSI-73
Pedigree : JSI-42 x JSI-7
Developed by :
Special attribute :
Non-spiny, moderately resistant to rust, powdery mildew,
wilt and aphid
Oil Content(%) : 31
JSI-73

Name of Variety : NARI-6
Pedigree : Co-1 x JL6
Developed by :
Special attribute : Non-spiny, moderately tolerant to wilt
Oil Content(%) : 30
NARI-6
Non spiny nature

Name of Variety PBNS-12 (Parbhani Kusum)
Pedigree : PBNS-9-97 x PI 248567
Method of breeding/selection : Pedigree method
Developed by :
Special attribute : Moderately tolerant to aphid, Alternaria leaf blight
1200-1500 (Rainfed)
Oil Content(%) : 29
PBNS-12 (Parbhani Kusum)
In various breeding programmes,
Twelve times PBNS-12 has been
used as National check.

Name of Variety PHULE KUSUMA (JLSF-414)
Pedigree : JLSF-103 x GMU 216 (a)
Developed by :
Oilseeds Research Station, Jalgaon
1200-1500 (Rainfed)
PHULE KUSUMA (JLSF-414)

Name of Variety : JAWAHAR SAFFLOWER-97 (JSF-97)
Pedigree : NS133-1 x JSI-62
Developed by :
Special attribute : Non-spiny
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1500 (Irrigated)
Oil Content(%) : 30
JAWAHAR SAFFLOWER-97
(JSF-97)
Non spiny nature

Name of Variety JAWAHAR SAFFLOWER-99 (JSF-99)
Pedigree : Mexican dwarf x BH-5
Developed by :
Special attribute : Extra-early, semi-spiny
JAWAHAR SAFFLOWER-99 (JSF-
99)
Extra early and semi
spiny

Name of Variety AKS-207
Pedigree : [(Bhima x Tara) x N7] x [(AKS 15 x A1) x AKS 68]
Method of breeding/selection : Backcross and pedigree
Developed by :
Oilseeds Research Unit
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth
Akola
Vidarbha region (Akola, Buldana, Washim, Amaravati)
of Maharashtra
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1400-2000
Oil Content(%) : 30
AKS-207

Name of Variety PBNS-40 (Parbhani kardi-40)
Pedigree : C-40-Pro.3
Method of breeding/selection : Mutation breeding
Developed by :
Special attribute :
Non-spiny, moderately tolerant to wilt, Alternaria leaf blight
and aphid
937 (Rainfed)
1579 (Irrigated)
PBNS-40 (Parbhani kardi-40)
“Variety developed
by Mutation
Breeding”

Name of Variety SSF-708
Pedigree : NARI-2 x JSI-99
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Solapur
Recommended ecology : Safflower growing areas of Maharashtra
2200-2500 kg/ha (Irrigated)
1300-1600 kg/ha (Rainfed)
Average yield (kg/ha) :
1376 (Rainfed)
2276 (Irrigated)
SSF-708

Name of Variety PKV PINK (AKS-311)
Pedigree : NARI 6 x JLSF 344
Developed by :
Oilseeds Research Unit
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Akola
Recommended ecology : Vidarbha region of Maharashtra
Special attribute :
Distinct petal color, pale yellow turning to pink after
fading, tolerant to wilt
PKV PINK (AKS-311)

Name of Variety NARI-57
Pedigree : Carmax x C-2829-5-2
Developed by :
Irrigated areas of all safflower growing states in India
(Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh, Punjab, Jharkhand)
Special attribute : Resistant to wilt
NARI-57
Resistance to wilt disease

Name of Variety NARI-96
Pedigree : DMST-10-1-16 x D-151-4-3
Developed by :
Irrigated areas of all safflower growing states in India
(Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan)
NARI-96

Name of Variety : SSF-12-40
Pedigree : Bhima x A1
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower), Solapur
Notified vide S.O. No. & date : 3-74/2019, 28/10/2019
Zone-I (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana
SSF-12-40

Name of Variety ISF-1
Pedigree : (A1x 9-5-7) 7-50-5-1
Developed by :
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research
Hyderabad
Year of notification : 2019
All India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan)
Special attribute : High oleic acid content (76%)
Average oleic acid yield (kg/ha) : 441
1236 (Rainfed)
1864 (Irrigated)
ISF-1
High oleic acid content (76%)
variety

Name of Variety : ISF-764
Pedigree : SFS-2042 x EC523360
Developed by :
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research
Hyderabad
Year of notification : 2019
All India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana,
Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar,
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan)
1583 (Rainfed)
2274 (Irrigated)
ISF-764

Name of Variety TSF-1
Pedigree : Selection from NASH-92-1
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Tandur, Professor Jayashankar
Telangana State Agricultural University
Hyderabad
Recommended ecology : Safflower growing areas of Telangana
Special attribute :
Resistant to Fusarium wilt, tolerant to Alternaris leaf spot
and moderately tolerant to aphid
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1200-1500 kg/ha (rainfed)
Average yield (kg/ha) : 1350 (rainfed)
TSF-1

Name of Variety SSF-13-71
Pedigree : Bhima x NARI-44
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Solapur, Mahatma Phule
Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri
Zone I (Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana &
Karnataka)
Special attribute :
Moderately tolerant to aphid and wilt, Tolerant to
Alternaria leaf spot
Potential yield (kg/ha) : 1700-1800 kg/ha(Rainfed); 2500-2700 kg/ha (Irrigated)
Average yield (kg/ha) : 1621 (Rainfed); 2575(Irrigated)
SSF-13-71 (Source: ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research)

Name of Variety CGKUSUM-1
Pedigree : Selection from GMU-7368
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Recommended ecology : Chhattisgarh plains
Special attribute : Moderately tolerant to wilt, aphid
Average yield (kg/ha) : 1677 kg/ha
CGKUSUM-1 (Source: ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research)

Name of Variety IGKV KUSUM (RSS 216-03)
Pedigree : AKS 92-4 x GMU 3812
Developed by :
AICRP (Safflower) centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Recommended ecology : Chattisgarh plains and Madhya Pradesh
Special attribute : Moderately resistant to Fusarium wilt
Days to 50% flowering -
IGKV KUSUM
(RSS 216-03)

SSF-708 PKV Pink
PKV Pink
NARI-57
A-1 A-2

Parbhani kusum (PBNS 12)
NARI -96
Sharada NIRA
Bhima SSF-12-40
Manjira
DSH-129

Strategies for increasing oil seeds production
• Bringing more area under irrigation.
• Good quality seed for recommended verities for specific area and season.
• Growing of biotic and abiotic stress resistant cultivars.
• Use High yielding varieties and hybrids.
• Adoption of improved production technology .
• Apply RDF( Recommended dose of fertilizer).
• Strengthening PHT (Post harvest technology) facilities .
SAFFLOWER
© S.L. Dhare

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