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Powerpoint Templates Page 1Powerpoint Templates
Mobile slaughterhouses
for sheep and goats,
advantages and challenges,
United States
SUSAN SCHOENIAN
Sheep & Goat Specialist
University of Maryland Extension
Keedysville, Maryland USA
sschoen@umd.edu – www.sheepandgoat.com
Powerpoint Templates Page 2
Slaughter options in US
On-farm
No
inspection
Own
consumption
Open to
interpretation
Custom
exempt
Facilities
inspected
For owner’s
consumption
Not for
resale
State
inspection
Federal-state
cooperation
“At least
equal to”
federal
inspection
New policy
allows
interstate
sales
Federal
inspection
Can sell
meat if
labeled
No
restrictions
Inspection ensures wholesomeness of products
Includes inspection of facility and animals (ante and post-mortem)
Powerpoint Templates Page 3
• In order to sell meat (by
the cut) to the end
consumer (without
restrictions) livestock
must be slaughtered
and processed in a
facility inspected by
the United States
Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
Powerpoint Templates Page 4
The U.S. Meat Industry
• The four largest firms
account for a significant
portion of the slaughter of
beef, pork, and lamb.
• Since 1980, there has
been a significant decline
in the number of USDA-
inspected slaughter
facilities.
1,627 → 1,051 facilities
Powerpoint Templates Page 5
USDA-inspected slaughter
• Producers in some
states have few
options for USDA-
inspected slaughter,
so livestock have to
be sold live (for less
income) or hauled
significant distances
before they can be
slaughtered.
Powerpoint Templates Page 6
USDA-inspected slaughter
• Many existing USDA-
inspected slaughter
plants will not
slaughter for small
and independent
producers … or they
have significant
limitations on
slaughter.
Powerpoint Templates Page 7
USDA-inspected slaughter
• Some existing USDA-
inspected facilities will
not process sheep
and/or goats.
• Many existing facilities
will not do Halal or
Kosher slaughter or
other specialized
slaughter.
Powerpoint Templates Page 8
U.S. food trends
• There is a palpable
mistrust of traditional
agriculture and a growing
demand for meat that is
locally-produced in a
specific manner, such as:
• Organic
• Naturally-raised
• Grass-fed
• Humane-certified
Powerpoint Templates Page 9
Market access
• The only way to tap these
specialty and high-end
markets is to have access to
USDA-inspected slaughter and
processing.
• Direct marketing eliminates
middlemen and allows many
small and medium-size
producers to increase their
incomes and remain
economically viable.
Powerpoint Templates Page 10
USDA’s role
• Shifting attention to
small and medium
size farms.
• Encouraging organic
and sustainable
production.
• Investing in local food
projects.
Powerpoint Templates Page 11
What is a mobile slaughterhouse?
• A self-contained slaughter unit that can
travel from site to site.
Image source: www.mobileslaughter.com
Powerpoint Templates Page 12
Advantages to mobile slaughter
• More humane
Livestock do not have to
be hauled long distances.
• Better quality meat
There is less stress at
the time of harvest.
• More acceptable to
the public - “NIMBY”
• Adds a value chain
to the local economy.
Powerpoint Templates Page 13
Challenges to mobile slaughter
• Subject to the same
regulatory standards as
fixed slaughterhouses.
• Each slaughter site requires:
1. Potable water
2. Waste disposal
3. Trailer accommodation
4. Corrals and handling system
Powerpoint Templates Page 14
Space limitations
• Operations are usually
limited to slaughter and
initial processing and
chilling.
• Unit must association
itself with a cut-and-wrap
facility that can age the
meat and further process
the carcass into retail
cuts and products.
Image source: www.mobileslaughter.com
Powerpoint Templates Page 15
Other limitations
• Geographic
How far should unit travel?
• Weather
• Road conditions
• Farm conditions
Powerpoint Templates Page 16
Mobile slaughter of sheep and goats
• It is usually not necessary
to age lamb and goat
carcasses.
• There are markets for
whole lamb and goat
carcasses.
• Lamb and goat slaughter
does require as much
space.
• Ethnic customers usually
require minimal processing.
Powerpoint Templates Page 17
Cost
• Less expensive than a fixed
slaughterhouse, but still
costly to build.
Est. $190,000 - $250,000 US
• Can be costly to comply with
the myriad of local, state, and
federal regulations.
– Some states have more
stringent regulations which can
substantially increase start-up
and operating costs.
Image source: www.mobileslaughter.com
Powerpoint Templates Page 18
Funding
• Most mobile slaughter
units in the U.S. have
been paid for with a
combination of public
and private funds.
– Grants
– Economic development
– Donations
– Investors
Powerpoint Templates Page 19
Funding sources
PUBLIC
• Expect a social benefit
from their investment.
– Strengthen local food
infrastructure.
– Economic development
(jobs)
• Value-added opportunity
• Revitalize region’s
livestock industry.
PRIVATE
• Expect a return on their
investment.
• Example business plan
Full capacity
5 years to pay off investment
Breakeven point
20 years to pay off investment
Powerpoint Templates Page 20
Mobile slaughter in the U.S.
Owner/operator Location Capacity Year
Island-Grown Farmers Cooperative
San Juan Islands
Washington
9-10 beef
24 hogs
40 sheep
2002
Central Coast Agricultural Cooperative Central California
5-6 beef
10 hogs
10 lambs/goats
2009
2011
Puget Sound Meat Producers
Cooperative
Western
Washington
8-10 animal
units
2009
Module Harvest System™
Local Infrastructure for Local Agriculture
New York
Hudson Valley
20 cattle
More sheep
and goats
new
Taos County Economic
Development Corporation
New Mexico 5 to 24 animals 2007
Nebraska Prairie Harvest Project
Callicrate Cattle Company
Nebraska
10 cattle or
equivalent
new
Source: eXtension.org
Red meat (large animals)
Powerpoint Templates Page 21
Case studies: Washington state
ISLAND GROWN
• Funded with grants and
private donations.
• Owned and operated by a
cooperative
• Began operating in 2002.
• Operates at individual farms
• Meat is transported to cut-and-
wrap facility on mainland.
PUGET SOUND
• Funded by Pierce County
Conservation District and
leased to cooperative.
• Began operating in 2009
• Operates at fixed venues
• Meat is transported to two cut-
and-wrap facilities.
Powerpoint Templates Page 22
California – Central Coast
• Timeline
– Built in 2002 with federal funds
– Sat idle for 7 years
– Began operating in 2009
Struggled to stay busy enough
– Closed and re-opened in 2011
– Now leased to small butcher who
also does further processing.
• State of California has more
stringent regulations.
– No on-farm composting of waste
– More restrictive on slaughter sites
Powerpoint Templates Page 23
Other units in operation
NEBRASKA
• Built by
Nebraska
Environmental
Coalition.
• Operated
by Callicrate
Cattle Co.
NEW MEXICO
• Built by Taos County
Economic Development
Corporation.
• Part of a larger vision of
developing a community-
based food model.
Powerpoint Templates Page 24
Module Harvest System™
• Owned and operated
by Local Infrastructure
for Local Agriculture.
• Combines four modules
1. Refrigerated truck for harvest and
initial chilling
2. Refrigerated truck for temporary storage
and hauling to cut-and-wrap plant
3. Truck to handle waste
4. USDA office trailer
• Fixed docking stations.
Powerpoint Templates Page 25
Conclusions
• Mobile slaughter units
are not a panacea
(“quick fix”) for small
scale meat processing
in the U.S.
• They may work in
some situations, but
not others.
Powerpoint Templates Page 26
Conclusions
• They may require a
public-private
partnership in order
to be economically
viable.
• There are no long
term success stories
in the U.S. (yet).
Powerpoint Templates Page 27
Resources
• Niche Meat Processors Assistance Network
www.nichemeatprocessing.org
• Mobile slaughter/processing units @eXtension
http://www.extension.org/pages/19234/mobile-
slaughterprocessing-units
• The Module Harvest System™: a case study
http://www.lila-northeast.org/index.html
• Mobile slaughter unit
www.mobileslaughter.com
• Spirit of Humane
www.spiritofhumane.com
Powerpoint Templates Page 28
Questions? Thank you for your attention.

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Mobile slaughter

  • 1. Powerpoint Templates Page 1Powerpoint Templates Mobile slaughterhouses for sheep and goats, advantages and challenges, United States SUSAN SCHOENIAN Sheep & Goat Specialist University of Maryland Extension Keedysville, Maryland USA sschoen@umd.edu – www.sheepandgoat.com
  • 2. Powerpoint Templates Page 2 Slaughter options in US On-farm No inspection Own consumption Open to interpretation Custom exempt Facilities inspected For owner’s consumption Not for resale State inspection Federal-state cooperation “At least equal to” federal inspection New policy allows interstate sales Federal inspection Can sell meat if labeled No restrictions Inspection ensures wholesomeness of products Includes inspection of facility and animals (ante and post-mortem)
  • 3. Powerpoint Templates Page 3 • In order to sell meat (by the cut) to the end consumer (without restrictions) livestock must be slaughtered and processed in a facility inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
  • 4. Powerpoint Templates Page 4 The U.S. Meat Industry • The four largest firms account for a significant portion of the slaughter of beef, pork, and lamb. • Since 1980, there has been a significant decline in the number of USDA- inspected slaughter facilities. 1,627 → 1,051 facilities
  • 5. Powerpoint Templates Page 5 USDA-inspected slaughter • Producers in some states have few options for USDA- inspected slaughter, so livestock have to be sold live (for less income) or hauled significant distances before they can be slaughtered.
  • 6. Powerpoint Templates Page 6 USDA-inspected slaughter • Many existing USDA- inspected slaughter plants will not slaughter for small and independent producers … or they have significant limitations on slaughter.
  • 7. Powerpoint Templates Page 7 USDA-inspected slaughter • Some existing USDA- inspected facilities will not process sheep and/or goats. • Many existing facilities will not do Halal or Kosher slaughter or other specialized slaughter.
  • 8. Powerpoint Templates Page 8 U.S. food trends • There is a palpable mistrust of traditional agriculture and a growing demand for meat that is locally-produced in a specific manner, such as: • Organic • Naturally-raised • Grass-fed • Humane-certified
  • 9. Powerpoint Templates Page 9 Market access • The only way to tap these specialty and high-end markets is to have access to USDA-inspected slaughter and processing. • Direct marketing eliminates middlemen and allows many small and medium-size producers to increase their incomes and remain economically viable.
  • 10. Powerpoint Templates Page 10 USDA’s role • Shifting attention to small and medium size farms. • Encouraging organic and sustainable production. • Investing in local food projects.
  • 11. Powerpoint Templates Page 11 What is a mobile slaughterhouse? • A self-contained slaughter unit that can travel from site to site. Image source: www.mobileslaughter.com
  • 12. Powerpoint Templates Page 12 Advantages to mobile slaughter • More humane Livestock do not have to be hauled long distances. • Better quality meat There is less stress at the time of harvest. • More acceptable to the public - “NIMBY” • Adds a value chain to the local economy.
  • 13. Powerpoint Templates Page 13 Challenges to mobile slaughter • Subject to the same regulatory standards as fixed slaughterhouses. • Each slaughter site requires: 1. Potable water 2. Waste disposal 3. Trailer accommodation 4. Corrals and handling system
  • 14. Powerpoint Templates Page 14 Space limitations • Operations are usually limited to slaughter and initial processing and chilling. • Unit must association itself with a cut-and-wrap facility that can age the meat and further process the carcass into retail cuts and products. Image source: www.mobileslaughter.com
  • 15. Powerpoint Templates Page 15 Other limitations • Geographic How far should unit travel? • Weather • Road conditions • Farm conditions
  • 16. Powerpoint Templates Page 16 Mobile slaughter of sheep and goats • It is usually not necessary to age lamb and goat carcasses. • There are markets for whole lamb and goat carcasses. • Lamb and goat slaughter does require as much space. • Ethnic customers usually require minimal processing.
  • 17. Powerpoint Templates Page 17 Cost • Less expensive than a fixed slaughterhouse, but still costly to build. Est. $190,000 - $250,000 US • Can be costly to comply with the myriad of local, state, and federal regulations. – Some states have more stringent regulations which can substantially increase start-up and operating costs. Image source: www.mobileslaughter.com
  • 18. Powerpoint Templates Page 18 Funding • Most mobile slaughter units in the U.S. have been paid for with a combination of public and private funds. – Grants – Economic development – Donations – Investors
  • 19. Powerpoint Templates Page 19 Funding sources PUBLIC • Expect a social benefit from their investment. – Strengthen local food infrastructure. – Economic development (jobs) • Value-added opportunity • Revitalize region’s livestock industry. PRIVATE • Expect a return on their investment. • Example business plan Full capacity 5 years to pay off investment Breakeven point 20 years to pay off investment
  • 20. Powerpoint Templates Page 20 Mobile slaughter in the U.S. Owner/operator Location Capacity Year Island-Grown Farmers Cooperative San Juan Islands Washington 9-10 beef 24 hogs 40 sheep 2002 Central Coast Agricultural Cooperative Central California 5-6 beef 10 hogs 10 lambs/goats 2009 2011 Puget Sound Meat Producers Cooperative Western Washington 8-10 animal units 2009 Module Harvest System™ Local Infrastructure for Local Agriculture New York Hudson Valley 20 cattle More sheep and goats new Taos County Economic Development Corporation New Mexico 5 to 24 animals 2007 Nebraska Prairie Harvest Project Callicrate Cattle Company Nebraska 10 cattle or equivalent new Source: eXtension.org Red meat (large animals)
  • 21. Powerpoint Templates Page 21 Case studies: Washington state ISLAND GROWN • Funded with grants and private donations. • Owned and operated by a cooperative • Began operating in 2002. • Operates at individual farms • Meat is transported to cut-and- wrap facility on mainland. PUGET SOUND • Funded by Pierce County Conservation District and leased to cooperative. • Began operating in 2009 • Operates at fixed venues • Meat is transported to two cut- and-wrap facilities.
  • 22. Powerpoint Templates Page 22 California – Central Coast • Timeline – Built in 2002 with federal funds – Sat idle for 7 years – Began operating in 2009 Struggled to stay busy enough – Closed and re-opened in 2011 – Now leased to small butcher who also does further processing. • State of California has more stringent regulations. – No on-farm composting of waste – More restrictive on slaughter sites
  • 23. Powerpoint Templates Page 23 Other units in operation NEBRASKA • Built by Nebraska Environmental Coalition. • Operated by Callicrate Cattle Co. NEW MEXICO • Built by Taos County Economic Development Corporation. • Part of a larger vision of developing a community- based food model.
  • 24. Powerpoint Templates Page 24 Module Harvest System™ • Owned and operated by Local Infrastructure for Local Agriculture. • Combines four modules 1. Refrigerated truck for harvest and initial chilling 2. Refrigerated truck for temporary storage and hauling to cut-and-wrap plant 3. Truck to handle waste 4. USDA office trailer • Fixed docking stations.
  • 25. Powerpoint Templates Page 25 Conclusions • Mobile slaughter units are not a panacea (“quick fix”) for small scale meat processing in the U.S. • They may work in some situations, but not others.
  • 26. Powerpoint Templates Page 26 Conclusions • They may require a public-private partnership in order to be economically viable. • There are no long term success stories in the U.S. (yet).
  • 27. Powerpoint Templates Page 27 Resources • Niche Meat Processors Assistance Network www.nichemeatprocessing.org • Mobile slaughter/processing units @eXtension http://www.extension.org/pages/19234/mobile- slaughterprocessing-units • The Module Harvest System™: a case study http://www.lila-northeast.org/index.html • Mobile slaughter unit www.mobileslaughter.com • Spirit of Humane www.spiritofhumane.com
  • 28. Powerpoint Templates Page 28 Questions? Thank you for your attention.