This document discusses concepts of conflict management. It defines conflict as arising from disagreements over goals or methods. Poor communication and personality differences also cause conflict. Conflict can occur at interpersonal, intergroup, intragroup, and organizational levels. The traditional view saw conflict as purely harmful, while the behavioral view sees it as natural and the interactionist view sees necessary conflict as positive for group performance if managed properly. The conflict process involves five stages: incompatibility, cognition, intentions, behaviors, and outcomes, which can be functional, dysfunctional, or compromise-based. Intergroup conflict occurs between groups and dynamics involve changes within groups and between group relations.

1. Intergroup Conflict
Management
By Satya Prakash Joshi

2. Concept of Conflict
• Conflict is the outcome of behavioral interactions.
• It consists of all kids of opposition or interactions.
• It is interpersonal process.
• It mainly arise from disagreements over goals or the
methods to attain those goals.
• Poor communication and personality differences also
cause conflict.
• Leaders spend about 20% of their time dealing with
conflict.

3. S.P Robbins
• Conflict is a process that begins when one party perceives
that another party has negatively affected, or is about to
negatively affect, something that the first party cares
about.

4. • If conflict is too high, it can become a hindrances to
performance.
• If it is too low, performance tends to be low.
• A desirable level conflict is good for organizational and
group effectiveness.
• As important role of leaders is to manage conflict.

5. Conflict can occur at the following
levels
Inter organizational
Intergroup
Interpersonal
Intra
Individual
macro
micro
Intra-individual : Within an individual, due to
frustration and conflicts in goals and roles.
Inter-personal : Between persons due to personal
differences information's deficiency or emotional
stress.
Intergroup : Between groups.
Organizational : Within organizational
departments.

6. Transitions in Conflict Thought
• Conflict thought has transitioned through the following views
• Traditional View :
• It views that all conflict is harmful and needs to be avoided at all costs.
Conflict is views negatively.
• Behavioral View :
• It views that conflict is natural and inevitable outcome interpersonal interaction
and needs to be accepted and resolved. It cannot be eliminated. Conflict is viewed
positively.
• Interactionist View :
• It views that conflict is a positive force in a group or organization. It is
absolutely necessary for effective group performance. Conflict is
managed and viewed as necessary.

7. Conflict Process
• Conflict process comprises of five stages.
Incompatibility
Conflict
definition
Intentions Behavior Outcomes

8. Incompatibility
• Condition that create conflict opportunities should be present. They are
source of conflict.
• Communication
• Group structure
• Personal variables

9. Conflict Cognition
• The incompatibilities get actualized in this stage.
• One or more parties perceive conflict. One or more parties become aware of
incompatibilities that create conflict.
• The conflict is felt. There is emotional involvement in a conflict that creates
anxiety, tenseness, frustration or hostility.
• The parties define what the conflict is about.

10. Intentions
• Intensions are decisions to act in a given way. They can be
• Competing
• Collaborating
• Avoiding
• Accommodating
• Compromising

11. Behavior
• Behavior is physical attempts to implement intensions. They includes
statements, actions and reactions made by the conflicting parties. Conflict
becomes visible
• Desired level of conflict is achieved

12. Outcomes
• Outcomes are the consequences of behavior
• Functional : function implementation and improvements in group
performance
• Dysfunction : not function
• Lose-lose – both are worse
• Lose win – one party is better than another a compared to b
• Win lose – one is better than another b compared to a
• Win win – both are better

13. Dynamics
• Intergroup conflict occurs between groups. It is expression of opposition
between groups. It is intentional interferences with each other’s activities.
• The dynamics of intergroup conflict is concerted with change that occur in
the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of the group participants. Such
changes are related to interpersonal relationships and work orientation.
• Changes within each group
• Changes in relations between groups

14. Intragroup changes
• They are related to;
• Loyalty