simple electronics and robotics

1. Reflecting Surface
Light Transmitter
Light Sensor/ Receiver
Light Bulb
Absorbing Surface
Light Particle
( Photon )

2. 5V
5V0V
0V
5V
DC Motor
Connecting Wires
Changing Polarity
Motor Driver
(L293D)

3. INP B1
INP B2
EN B
GND
Vcc
INP A2
INP A1
EN A
L293D Motor Driver Module
C1 C2
L293D
MB 2
MB 1
MA 2
MA 1
+ Vss
- Vss

4. INP B1
INP B2
EN B
GND
Vcc
INP A2
INP A1
EN A
L293D Motor Driver Module
C1 C2
L293D
MB 2
MB 1
MA 2
MA 1
+ Vss
- Vss
Motor A
Motor B

5. Two-Way
Switch
Power Source
Motor / Wheels
Two-Way
Switch
Connecting Wires

6. DiodeBattery
Light Bulb
Diode
Battery
Light Bulb
Fig: Forward Bias
Fig: Reverse Bias

7. Wheels Current Status
Sensor Current Status
Left Right
Left Wheel
Right Wheel

9. DPDT Switch Working
+Vcc GND
Motor

10. Comparator Module (LM339)Vcc
Output Pins
Input Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Sensor
Vcc
Signal
GND

11. LED Array
Light Emmiting
Diode
Resistors
Inputs
GND
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5

12. Voltage Regulator
(7805)
Inputs (12V)
Output (12V)
GND
Vcc (5V)
LED
Power Board Anatomy

13. Output Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Input Pins
Vcc
Signal
GND
LED Array

14. Output Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Input Pins
Vcc
Signal
GND
INPB1
INPB2
ENB
GND
Vcc
INPA2
INPA1
ENA
C1 C2
L293D
MB2
MB1
MA2
MA1
+Vss
-Vss
GND
Vcc From Power
Supply
Connecting Motor Driver (L293D) with Comparator (LM339)
Motor

15. LED

16. LED
Light Source
Photo Diode
Light Rays

17. +5 V
GND
Emitter
Photo Diode

18. Transmitter (Tx)
Reciever (Rx)
Sensor Module
GND
Vcc
SIGNAL
Preset Pot

19. GND
+5 V
H-Bridge

20. SW1 SW2
SW = Switch
LED
SW1 SW2 LED Status
OFF OFF
OFF ON
ON OFF
ON ON
?
?
?
?
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON

21. 5 V
0 V
Comparator Working
5 V
0 V
Difference
5v - 0v = 5v
Difference
0v - 5v = -5v
High (5V)Low (0V)

22. 0 V
Comparator Working
5 V
Difference
2.5v - 0v = 2.5v
Difference
2.5v - 5v = -2.5v
High (5V)
Low (0V)
2.5V