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What the circulatory system is
The characteristics of the circulatory system
The function of the circulatory system
The constituents of blood
A blood cells’ journey
The different types of blood vessels
Diffusion and Osmosis
Conditions affecting diffusion and osmosis
Scabs and blood clots
Atherosclerosis
Conditions affecting the circulatory system
Learning Outcomes
3. • The Oxford English Dictionary definition
• The system that circulates blood through the
body, consisting of the heart, blood
vessels, blood, lymph (aka white blood cells), and the
lymphatic vessels and glands.
• Can also be called cardiovascular system.
• It is the fluid filled network of tubes (or vessels)
through which materials move between the
environment and the cells of a multicellular animal
What is the Circulatory
System?
4. • Closed system
• It connects all parts of an organism in a way that
allows individual cells to thrive as well as for
organisms to function as a unit.
• Includes:
• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
Characteristics
5. • Three major types of blood vessels:
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
• Two sub-types:
• Arterioles
• Venules
• 60,000miles of blood vessels
Blood Vessels
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7. • ARTERIES carry blood AWAY from
the heart
• VEINS carry blood TO the heart
• CAPILLARIES are where tissues
exchange water and chemicals with
the blood
Arteries, Veins and
Capillaries
8. • Transport in:
• Oxygen
• Glucose
• Transport out:
• Carbon Dioxide
• Urea
Function
10. • The liquid portion of blood.
• Transports chemicals to cells:
• Hormones
• Antibodies
• Nutrients:
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Water
Glucose
Amino acids
Minerals and vitamins
• Waste substances:
• Carbon Dioxide
• Urea
• Transports waste products away from cells
• Distributes heat throughout the body
• Maintains homeostasis
Plasma
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Flattend disc shape
Large surface area
Erythrocytes
Contain a protein called haemoglobin
Haemoglobin
• bright red in colour
• contains iron
• carries oxygen
• Average life cycle = 120 days
Red Blood Cells
12. • Several different types
• Accounts for about 1% of blood
• Essential for good health and
protection against illness and
disease
• When infection
present, numbers increase to
combat it
• Immunity cells
• Battles viruses, bacteria and
other foreign invaders
White Blood Cells
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Start at the lungs
Left atrium
Left ventrical
Aorta
Various different Arteries
Capillaries – where the oxygen is lost
Veins
Right atrium
Right ventrical
Back to the lungs
A Blood Cells Journey
16. • Oxford English Dictionary Definition:
• Diffusion:
• The spreading of something more widely:
• Physics: the intermingling of substances by the natural
movement of their particles: the rate of diffusion of a gas
• Osmosis:
• Biology & Chemistry: a process by which molecules of a
solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane
from a less concentrated solution into a more
concentrated one.
Diffusion and Osmosis
18. • Cystic Fibrosis
• Genetic condition
• Many different symptoms
• Build up of mucus in Lungs
• Mucus build up
• Bronchitis
• COPD
• Cough
Conditions Affecting
Diffusion and Osmosis
23. • Anemia
• Where your body does not get enough iron
• RBC cannot carry enough O2
• Haemophillia
• Rare bleeding disorder
• Takes a long time for blood to clot
• Leukemia
• Cancer of the bone marrow
• Abnormally large numbers of WBC are produced
Conditions
ArteriesCarries blood away from the heartThick muscular walls because blood is carried under pressureElastic – expands blood is pumped into themBecome hardened because of cholesterol deposits or old age, blood pressure increases work load on heart.CapillariesMaterial exchangeOne cell thick – only wide enough for cells to go through single fileMaximizes exchange of gases, nutrients and wastesBlood flow slow to allow exchangeVeinsCarries blood towards heartThinner, less muscular wallsLower in pressureHave valves to stop blood flowing backwardsMoving (e.g. walking) helps push blood through veinsSitting or standing still for long periods can cause blood to pool in leg veins, which leads to there not being enough blood to go to the vein, this leads to a person fainting.
Plasma carried water and minerals, as well as blood cellsRed blood cells carry oxygen molecules to the cells in the body and then carries the waste CO2 away after diffusion and osmosis occurs in the capillariesWhite blood cells fight infections. They surround the germs, kill them, and carry away the dead cells.Platelets are brownish-yellow bits of cells that help in forming blood clots.
Red blood cellsPurple bits = plateletsYellow = white blood cells
Start at the lungs where the cell picks up oxygenNext the cell visits the left atrium followed by the left ventricalFrom here it is propelled through the
Blood ClotsClots can form in blood vessels due to internal damage (e.g. fatty plaques)If clots obstructs:Vessel in heart > Heart AttackVessel in brain > Stroke
