14.2 lecture 2019

1. 14.2 Lecture 2019
What is blood?

2. Section 2: Blood and Lymph
What are the components of blood?
What determines the type of blood that a person
can receive in a transfusion?
What are the structures and functions of the
lymphatic system?
• 7.5.a Students know plants and animals have
levels of organization for structure and function
(cells, tissues, etc.).
• 7.5.b Students know organ systems function
because of the contributions of individual organs,
tissues and cells. The failure of any part can affect
the entire system.

3. Blood
• Blood is made up of four
components: plasma, red blood
cells, white blood cells, and
platelets.

4. Plasma
• Plasma = the liquid part of blood
• Mostly water with dissolved
materials
• Carries:
– Nutrients (glucose, fats, vitamins, and
minerals)
– Chemical messengers
– Waste products (most of the CO2)
– Proteins (give it its yellow color)
• About 45% of blood is cells and 55%
is plasma

5. Red Blood Cells
• Red blood cells = cells in the blood that take up
oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells
elsewhere in the body
• Produced in bone marrow
• Thin and can bend and twist easily
• Hemoglobin = An iron-containing protein that
binds chemically to oxygen molecules.
• No nuclei, only live about 120 days
• Every second about 2 million RBCs die, produced
at the same rate

6. WHAT IS HEMOGLOBIN?
Reading Checkpoint

7. White Blood Cells
• Produced in bone marrow
• White blood cells = blood cells that fight disease
• Fewer than RBCs
• Larger than RBCs
• Have nuclei – can live for months - years

8. Platelets
• Platelets = cell fragments that
play an important part in
forming blood clots.
• Blood clots stop blood flow
• Platelets collect and stick to
the blood vessel at the site of
the wound

9. Blood Volume
• 5 liters – adult
– Loss of large amounts of
blood can lead to shock
• Shock = the failure of
the circulatory system
to provide adequate
oxygen-rich blood to all
parts of the body
• Other causes: heart
failure, infection, and
emotional trauma

10. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PLATELETS?
Reading Checkpoint

11. Blood Types
• Blood transfusion – the transfer of blood from
one person to another
• Blood will clump if incompatible blood types

12. Marker Molecules
• The marker molecules on your red blood cells
determine your blood type and the type of
blood that you can safely receive in
transfusions.
• Type A blood has A marker protein
• See http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-types

13. Safe Transfusions
• What type of marker molecule is on type B blood?
• Why are clumping proteins in type B blood anti-A?
• What would happen if a person with type B blood received type A
blood?
• Why can a person with type B blood receive type O in a
transfusion?

14. Rh Factor
• Protein on RBCs
– 85% of people have
it,15% do not

15. WHERE IS THE RH MARKER FOUND?
Reading Checkpoint

16. The Lymphatic System
• The lymphatic system is a network of tissues
and organs that help rid the body of toxins,
waste and other unwanted materials. The
primary function of the lymphatic system is to
transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-
fighting white blood cells, throughout the
body.

17. Lymph
• Lymph = the fluid that the
lymphatic system collects and
returns to the bloodstream
• Consists of water and other
dissolved materials (i.e. glucose)
• Has no pump so it moves slowly
• Empties back into the cardiovascular
system where it becomes part of the
plasma

18. Lymph Nodes
• Lymph nodes = small knobs of tissue in the
lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping
bacteria and other microorganisms that
cause disease
• When the body is fighting a disease, the
lymph nodes enlarge

19. WHAT IS LYMPH?
Reading Checkpoint