KTU NOTES ON GLOBALISATION FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS .

1. GLOBAL ETHICAL ISSUES

4.  Integration of the national economy in to
world economy

5.  Organisations who have established business
in more than one country, are called
multinational corporation. The headquarters
are in the home country and the business is
extended in many host countries.

7.  Apple
 Wall Mart
 Coca-Cola
 IBM
 Microsoft

10.  Companies are interested in Profit
 Threat to small scale industries
 Potential abuse of workers
 Interference in political matters

21.  Ten international Rights are also called
Donaldson Right.
 It explains the moral responsibilities and
obligations of MNC’s operating in the host
countries.

23.  Right to fair trial on products

24.  MNC should
 Respect human rights
 Economic and technical benefits
 Promote morally justified institutions
 Respect laws and promote culture
 Fair remuneration to employees
 Provide safety to workers

26.  It is a process of moving technology to a new
setting and implementing it there.
 Technology includes hardware (machines and
installations) and the techniques (technical,
organizational, and managerial skills and
procedures).
 It may mean moving the technology applications
from laboratory to the field/factory or from one
country to another. This transfer is effected by
governments, organizations, universities, and
MNCs.

27.  Identification, transfer, and implementation
of most suitable technology for a set of new
situations, is called appropriate technology.

30.  Environmental ethics is the study of
 (a) moral issues concerning the environment,
and
 (b) moral perspectives, beliefs, or attitudes
concerning those issues.

35.  Plastic waste, or plastic pollution, is ‘the
accumulation of plastic objects (e.g.: plastic
bottles and much more) in the Earth’s
environment that adversely affects wildlife,
wildlife habitat, and humans.’

36.  E-waste is generated when electronic and
electrical equipment become unfit for their
originally intended use or have cross the
expiry date.

37.  Unwanted or residual materials from
industrial operations.
 Industrial Solid Waste
 Toxic or Hazardous waste
 Chemical Waste

38.  Ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning
of the earth’s ozone layer in the upper
atmosphere caused due to the release
of chemical compounds containing gaseous
bromine or chlorine from industries or other
human activities.

39.  Steady temperature rise on our planet.
 Global warming, the gradual heating of
Earth's surface, oceans and atmosphere, is
caused by human activity, primarily the
burning of fossil fuels that pump carbon
dioxide (CO2), methane and other
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

40.  When atmosphere pollutants like oxides of
nitrogen and sulphur react with rain water
and come down with rain water and results
in acid rain

41.  It emphasis on the investment, orientation of
technology, development and functioning of
organisations to meet the present needs of
people and at the same time ensuring the
future generation to meet their needs.

43.  Environmental Impact Assessment
 Establish Standards
 Counter Measures
 Environmental awareness

44.  Environmental impact assessment(EIA) is an
assessment of the possible positive and
negative impact that a proposed project may
have on the environment.
 Studying how industry and technology
affecting the environment.

45.  Study and to fix the tolerable and actual
pollution levels.

46.  Study what are the protective and eliminating
measures available for immediate
implementation.

47.  Study on how to educate people on
environmental practices, issues and possible
remedies.

50.  Computer ethics is defined as (a) study and
analysis of nature and social impact of
computer technology, (b) formulation and
justification of policies, for ethical use of
computers.

51.  Computer Ethics is a set of moral principles
that regulates the use of computers.

52.  It deals with how the professionals should
make decisions regarding the professional
and social problems arising out of the use of
computers.

53.  Computer as the instrument of Unethical acts
 Computer as an object of Unethical Act
 Problems due to the autonomous nature of
computers

54.  The usage of computer replaces the job
positions.
 Breaking privacy.
 Defraud a bank or a client

55.  It limits the skills of the employees.

56.  The use of computers led to accessing or
erasing the information or data of individuals.

57.  Defraud a bank or a client, by accessing and
withdrawing money from other’s bank
account.

58.  Hacking
 Spreading virus
 Health hazard

60.  It is the unlawful intrusion in to a computer
or a network.

61.  The software is stolen or information is
accessed from other computers.
 This may cause financial loss to the business
or violation of privacy rights of the individuals
or business.
 In case of defense information being hacked,
this may endanger the security of the nation.

63.  A computer virus is a computer program that
can replicate itself and infect a computer.

64.  A computer virus is a type of malicious code
or program written to alter the way a
computer operates and is designed to spread
from one computer to another.
 Through mail or otherwise, other computers
are accessed and the files are erased or
contents changed altogether.

67.  A Trojan horse is a type of malware that is
often disguised as legitimate software.
Trojans can be employed by cyber-thieves
and hackers trying to gain access to users'
systems.

68.  The computers pose threat during their use
as well as during disposal.
 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Back Pain
 Eye Strain

69.  Security risk
 Loss of human lives
 In flexible manufacturing systems, the
autonomous computer is beneficial in
obtaining continuous monitoring and
automatic control.

70.  A small error can lead to big loss

72.  An unexpected error in the software or
hardware may trigger a serious attack and
cause irreparable human loss before the error
is traced.

73.  Computer performs very important role in
defense. Computers are used to track
incoming missiles target to destroy them.
Computers are used in tanks and planes and
ships to target enemy forces, help diagnose
any problems with the platforms. Computers
are used to hold documents, maintenance
records and records of events.

74.  Elimination of routine and manual jobs
 Health and safety
 Computer failure

76.  Impacts upon health and job satisfaction of
workers who will use it. It is possible, for
example, that such workers will feel stressed
trying to keep up with high-speed computerized
devices.
 They may be injured by repeating the same
physical movement over and over
 Their health may be threatened by radiation
emanating from computer monitors. These are
just a few of the social and ethical issues that
arise when information technology is introduced
into the workplace.

77.  Failure in computers may be due to errors in
the hardware or software.
 Hardware errors are rare and they can be
solved easily and quickly. But software errors
are very serious as they can stop the entire
network.
 Testing and quality systems for software have
gained relevance and importance in the
recent past, to avoid or minimize these
errors.

78.  Anonymity means absence of identity.