Plains Indians Summary

Plains Indians Summary
Based on the book, we can notice that the transformation of the West affected the Native Americans'
life , especially the Indian way of life in different aspects. Besides the fact that a great diversity of
Native Americans called the Plains Indians started to live in the same areas,for some them, their
conditions of live worsened. Their meat rations were reduced and they were restricted to hunt.
Considerable Plains Indians not only flourished among the Plains people but also customs varied
even between subdivisions of the same tribe. For the Native Americans, West meant fullness (Hell
or a massacre). For example, due to their unfair or worse conditions of life, desperate,the Native
people turned to Wovoka. Based on the book, Wovoka was a visionary ... Show more content on
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It was even like a sort of source of hope. But because of the fact that it became so famous (spread
among them) and the military authorities grew alarmed, later on we noticed that it led to a very sad
event or moment. That stated sad event happened at Wounded Knee,South Dakota, where within
minutes 300 Indians including 7 infants, were slaughtered by U.S Army. Later on around 1900, the
Plains Indian population had shrunk considerably, and the book mentioned that it shrunk from
nearly a quarter million to just over a hundred thousand. The west was clearly a nightmare was the
Native Americans. In the battles against them meaning the Native Americans for example, the Army
used the railroad to ship horses and men West to attack the Indian especially when they were most
vulnerable. In addition, from the same trains, hunters gained quick access to the bison ranges and
the railroad also allowed others to broke the Indian resistance. In conclusion, the railroad was a key
success for the improvement or development of the West. Additionally, so many aspect of the
transformation contributed to the assault on the traditional Indian way of life. Those problems got
the Indians struggled to rebuild their
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Plains Indians Case Study
Mykola Svyrydenko
Professor Mike A. Martinez
History–112–601
21 February 2016
What factors contributed to the defeat of the Plains Indians? What government policies facilitated
the settlement and development of the West? History knows no exceptions to the fact that all of the
countries which exist in modern world were built on top of previous cultures and nations. United
States in this sense was created on the lands and bones of Indians. When first settlers arrived to
North America from Europe, they immediately started taking territories and lives of native
population. This continued for more than four centuries until almost nothing was left from Native
Americans. For the purpose of this paper we will look at this process starting from the ... Show more
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White people could not enter these territories without a license. After 1849 California Gold Rush
this status quo changed drastically. Miners rushed into Indian territories in search of fast enrichment.
Government had to react accordingly and started to use concentration policy which meant that big
tribes were assigned specific lands. The tribes' way of life was nomadic and they moved around to
hunt for buffalo. Thus, they did not want to stay within confined boundaries. White miners, on the
other hand, were trespassing reservation borders and then calling for the government to protect
them. This situation led to a lot of bloodshed and massacres on both sides. This is how one of such
tragic examples is described in the class textbook:
Chief Black Kettle led his seven hundred followers to camp on Sand Creek in southeastern
Colorado. Early on the morning of November 29, 1864, a group of Colorado militia led by Colonel
John M. Chivington attacked the sleeping group. "Kill and scalp all, big and little," Chivington told
his men. "Nits make lice." Black Kettle tried to stop the ambush, raising first an American flag and
then a white flag. Neither worked. The Native American men, women, and children were clubbed,
stabbed, and scalped (Divine

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome In Northern Plains Indians
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden unexplained death of an infant aged one or
younger that continues to remain a mystery even after a thorough investigation is done, which
includes an examination of the scene along with an autopsy. SIDS was first recognized in the United
States in the 1960s, with over 7,000 infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly each year.
Researchers discovered that placing babies to sleep on their back decreased this risk, as babies that
were put to sleep on their side tended to roll onto their stomach, causing them to smother. The Back
to Sleep Campaign was launched in 1994; it played a significant role in decreasing the SIDS rates
amongst all populations. However, certain populations continue to experience ... Show more content
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They continue to state that all infants need to be placed on their backs anytime they go to sleep,
including naps, until they are one year old. They advise against placing a child to sleep on their side,
and say that an infant should only be placed on its stomach if it suffers from gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) and the risk of death from GERD outweighs the risk of death from SIDS. The AAP
states that preterm babies need to be placed on their backs immediately, as they have an even higher
risk of SIDS than others due to a lower birth weight. According to the AAP, hospitalized preterm
babies should also be placed on their backs while hospitalized, and they encourage NICU (neonatal
intensive care unit) personnel to teach parents safe sleeping habits (AAP,

The, Comanche, And Apache Plains Indians
The horse left a large impression on the lives of the Plains Indians; however, the real question being
viewed is how this animal impacted the lives of, more specifically, the Sioux, Comanche, and
Apache Plains Indians. Life before the introduction of the horse was a challenge. The Sioux's
constant migration with the buffalo required long days and created the need for a tool like the horse
in order to better the living standards. The Comanche Indians were extraordinary horsemen once the
horse was introduced to them allowing hunting and gathering to become more efficient. The Apache
Indians were known for their fighting skills and warrior–like attributes. When they encountered the
Spanish conquistadors and saw their use of the horse, strong desires for this animal swept over the
Apache population and quickly lead to the trade and even theft of the horse. It boosted the abilities
to fight for these Indians and provided them with a tool that made them, in their opinion, almost
invincible. This information is being derived from a source that covers every Plains Indian tribe and
accurately expresses the actions of these Indians. Without a bias, it describes that advantages and
disadvantages of each tribe, and in this case, explains the actions of the Apache Indians. Even with
this advantage, however, the Comanche Indians still seemed to have an advantage over the Apache
Tribe. This efficiency as well as addition to the Indian tribes allowed for these societies to feel more

What Are Plains Indians Considered Plains Culture
The Sioux are considered Plains Indians part of the Great Plains Culture Area. But since they are in
distinctive areas, the lifeway's of the four branches are differed. The Teton gained stallions, took
after the incredible bison crowds, and lived in tipis. The lifestyle of the Yankton and Yanktonai got
to be like that of other Missouri River tribes, for example, the Mandan also, HIDATSA, other
Siouan–talking people groups. The Yankton and Yanktonai started using steeds in the 1700s and
furthermore chased wild ox likes the Teton, however they lived usually in perpetual towns of earth
cabins. They moreover kept on developing products. Subsequently, the Yankton and Yanktonai can
likewise be depicted as Prairie Indians. The Santee held huge numbers

Native Art Of Native American Art : Plains Indians
Native American Art: Plains Indians When someone is presented with the word "art" many different
definitions can come to mind. When most people in the United States think of art, they think of a
painting on a wall or a sculpture in a museum. Before there was museum to go to, Native people
were creating art that told stories and explained the histories of where they came from. Native
people began expressing themselves through art by using natural resources such as seashells,
cooper, wood from trees, plants, animal's skins and furs, and other accessible items. Once the
Europeans made their way to the Americas, they introduced new materials such as glass, beads,
metal, and cloth to Native people to explore even more art forms. But before the Europeans began to
lead native people towards more contemporary art, Plains people were expressing themselves
through many different types of art such as rock, hide, beads, and pipes. As the Plains Indians began
to settle between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi river, they soon started creating their
own traditions and way of life. Although the plains were one of the most prosperous agricultural
zones in the United States, it was always one of the last chunks of land surveyed by Europeans
because of the wide spread diseases than ran through it (Penney 107). Before the introduction of
guns to the Indians living in the plains, they had to find a way to feed their families without shooting
down big prey. Most big game hunters

The Disappearance of the Plains Indian culture Essay
The Disappearance of the Plains Indian culture
'It was the lack of buffalo that killed off the Plains Indian culture in the 20th century'. In some
respects this traditional historical statement is true; however, I believe that many views which
revisionist historians believe also contributed greatly to the disappearance of the Plains Indian
culture in the 20th century.
The traditional historian's view that the lack of buffalo did contribute severely to the Plains Indian
culture is true, because their lives revolved around and depended on the buffalo. As source 2 shows
the Indians used the buffalo for everything from tools and food storage to shoes and actual food, but
then the white settlers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However then in the late 1830's an awful Small Pox epidemic wiped out nearly 4/5 of the Indian
population of North America. We know from the video we studied in class that after this outbreak,
the white settlers who had gradually been taking the Indians land for years began stealing and
dividing up even more of the land whilst leaving the Indians even less land or space, those that
would not give up their land were killed or captured, the movement of the white settlers going west
angered the Indians and the Indians began to fight back. The white settlers' discovery of gold, also
angered the Plains Indians, as this was another thing that went against the Indians beliefs because as
it says above they didn't believe the land should be cut up, and that was exactly what gold mining
was, hacking the land to bits for a few lumps of golden rock. This created more conflict between the
Plains Indians and the white settlers, and more and more Indians were being wiped out all over
North America because they had less weapons, horses and men than the white settlers who were just
going into the villages, killing the

Chippewa Indian Culture
The clothing of the Chippewa Indians was oftentimes made of animal skin. The tendons were taken
from the animals and used as thread for the clothing that the Chippewa wore. The men wore a long
piece of animal skin or cloth between their legs and belted it at the hips. The flaps then covered the
front and behind of the men. Leggings were worn by both women and men and sometimes they
were covered with fancy fringe. The leggings were created from animal skin and therefore were
quite insulating during the cold winters. Women sometimes wore long skirts over the top of their
leggings. Women wore a thin blouse, basically like a poncho, that included a cut out at the neck for
the head to go through. Fancy aprons were worn on special occasions. The Chippewa men wore
headdresses made of stiff porcupine hair. These headdresses closely relate the Chippewa to the
Mohawk and Mohicans. Women kept their hair long in length and braided it, with pieces of cloth
and shells intermingled in them. Jewelry was something very important in the Chippewa culture.
They wore copper bracelets and beaded necklaces. Also important in the Chippewa society were
tribal tattoos and face paint. These distinct markings were used in times of war to differentiate
between tribes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chippewa believe that they were given a birch tree from the Wenebojo tribe as a gift. The bark
of the tree was then split into multiple pieces to use. In the springtime, the bark softens and is more
flexible, and the art can begin. The first form of art most common in the Chippewa tribe is called
mazinibaganjigan, or birch bark biting. They took a very thin piece of birch bark and bent it in half.
Then they used their teeth to bite intricate patterns into the wood. When they were finished, they
could unfold the bark and the pattern would be perfectly

Plains Indians Essay
For many tribes of Plains Indians whose bison–hunting culture flourished during the 18th and 19th
centuries, the sun dance was the major communal religious ceremony . . . the rite celebrates renewal
– the spiritual rebirth of participants and their relatives as well as the regeneration of the living earth
with all its components . . . The ritual, involving sacrifice and supplication to insure harmony
between all living beings, continues to be practiced by many contemporary native Americans. –
Elizabeth Atwood LawrenceAs the most important ritual of the nomadic Plains Indians, the Sun
Dance in itself presents many ideas, beliefs, and values of these cultures. Through its rich
symbolism and complicated rituals we are able to catch a glimpse ... Show more content on
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The fork of the lodge represents the eagle's nest. The eagle plays a large part in the Sun Dance for it
is one of the Plains Indians' most sacred animal. The eagle flies high, being the closest creature to
the Sun. Therefore it is the link between man and spirit, being the messenger that delivers prayers to
the Wakan–Tanka (god). (Atwood) In addition to being a messenger, the eagle also represents many
human traits. We can see what values and traits these cultures saw as being important in a person by
those traits imposed upon such a sacred animal. The eagle is seen as courageous, swift, and strong.
He has great foresight and knows everything. "In an eagle there is all the wisdom of the
world." (Atwood) During the Sun Dance the eagle is the facilitator of communication between
man and spirit. The Crow may be accompanied by a dancing eagle in his visions, the eagle
"instructing him about the medicine acquired through the vision." (Atwood) The eagle's
feathers can cure illnesses. During the Sun Dance a medicine man may use his eagle feather for
healing, first touching the feather to the sun–pole then to the patient, transferring the energy from
the pole to the ill. It is the buffalo, however, that makes up the main theme of the Sun Dance. In
various stories it was the buffalo that began the ritual. The Shoshone believe that the buffalo taught
someone the proper way to carry out the dance and the benefits in doing it. Buffalo songs, dances,
and feast

Southern Plains American Indian Culture
American Indian music has, throughout the history of the native people, been a major part in the life
of a tribe's cultural expression. The Southern Plains American Indians have learned, from their
ancestors/elders, the delicate rhythmic communication as youth, and have carried the expression
throughout their lives. The songs of the Southern Plains American Indians represent their artistic
language as a diminishing minority group. Through song, American Indians communicate their
beliefs and values as a distinct society. American Indians use equipment such as drums, vocals, and
dance during the performance of their, often, monophonic language with a rare heterophony texture.
Their music describes as well as represents their wants and needs as ... Show more content on
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According to Rose, within the Native American music, "No harmony is ever incorporated, although
sometimes many people sing at once, and other times the vocals are solo. The Native American
vocals are passionate, used to invoke spirits, ask for rain or healing, or are used to heal the sick."
Like Rose, Native American Music – The Beating of Native Drums and Flutes, agrees that the
"Native American Indians worshipped the spirits of the animals, the sun, the moon and the stars and
everything else that they could not explain. The songs they sang and danced to were meant to honor
these spirits as stated but many of their traditional celebrations would also have re–enactments of
these stories, where members of the tribe would dress up and perform ceremonial dances to the gods
while they would re–enact tribal myths." As made aware through thr exploration of what the music
is, the representation is lost through study and inappropriate understanding due to westernized
intuition. I believe we find that appropriate explanation is lost to those who have become

The Great Plains Essay
Have you ever been in a place of green with forests and animals everywhere? Well, where some of
the Native Americans lived, there were such things. Native American tribes such as the Crow lived
in the Great Plains. The Crow tribe of the Great Plains were nomadic and followed the buffalo
migrations which provided their food. This tribe spent a good part of the year living in camps that
could easily be dismantled and moved to follow the buffalo migrations. Other tribes of the plains
were more sedentary. These tribes lived in permanent villages year round. The Great Plains are
located between the South and Midwest regions to the east and the Rocky Mountains to the west.
The Great Plains Indians were dictated by climate, land, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the Native American Crow tribe members had died out because of low food supply or
fighting. But, most of the time the Native American tribes in the Grassy Plains did not have wars to
the death or extermination of a tribe. In the past time most tribes died but some survived and they
changed their way of life. For example, the Crow tribes may have set traps for animals rather than
sending out groups and risking village population. Some tribes may have become extinct because of
other villages raiding them and taking their land. Another reason for tribe extinction was disease
after the white invasion because the whites were exposed to and are immune to many diseases that
the Native Americans aren't. Therefore, many Native Americans have gotten sick and tribes have
been wiped out because of that.
Bibliography: http://www.indians.org/articles/plains–indians.html
http://nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/plains.html http://www.native–languages.org/plains–culture.htm
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/ienhtml/tribes.html

Plains Indians And Their Equine Companions
Plains Indians and Their Equine Companions Most history classes teach children about how the
Spanish brought horses to America and introduced them to Native Americans. That's usually the end
of the story. What's not talked about is the Native peoples' reactions to these beasts of nature. How
did they feel about horses? What did they think of them? How did Native people become some of
the best riders? How did they tame wild horses? How were horses incorporated into their culture?
How much of an impact did horses really have on Native American culture? These are the questions
that aren't answered in textbooks in schools. What I wish to explore is the bond between Native
people and their equine companions. I want to explore how their world ... Show more content on
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The differences between these two classifications of tribes is that the nomadic groups followed the
buffalo as they migrated. With the semi–sedentary groups, they too hunted for buffalo, but they also
engaged in building villages and participating more in agriculture (New World Encyclopedia). Life
was livable in the plains, but it wasn't always the easiest. It wasn't until the arrival of the horse that
life and culture among the Plains Indians truly flourished. The story of how horses came to present
day USA has always been a very short story. The most we get is that the Spanish brought them, and
that was usually the end of it. How did Native people react when they first saw horses? How would
we react today if a brand new animal was introduced into America, and we knew nothing about it?
Some people may fear the animal or even try to destroy it out of fear. Just as we would be afraid
today, the same feelings of terror swept through the Native people of the Great Plains. "In the
islands of the Caribbean, Taíno people were the first to see the horse, and the sight inspired fear–
animal fused to sword–wielding conquistador–the legs of the rider blending with the galloping
extremities of his mount as it rode down Native people, while the metal of rein and bit and stirrup
clanged with the fury of war" –José Barreiro (Taíno), NMAI, 2009 Tribe by tribe, the horse was
introduced, but each tribe tells

How Did Technology Affect The Plains Indians
The lives of the Plains Indians have been affected in many ways, such as technological inventions as
well as in political aspects. The Plains Indians have been scammed of their land through government
actions and Americans, due to the technological advances that occurred during the late nineteenth
century. The lives of the Plain Indians were affected by the technological and political advances
issued by the United States Government and the entrepreneurs of the late nineteenth century. One of
the first ways that the lives of the Plains Indians were affected was through technological advances.
Three of the major technological advances that affected the Indians were the railroads, the telegraph,
and the telephone. All of these inventions contributed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two main actions that the United States government issued towards the Plains Indians were the
Homestead Act and the Dawes Act. The Homestead Act correlated with the trend of Manifest
Destiny and encouraged settlers to migrate west. The Homestead Act encouraged western migration
by providing 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were
required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land.
After six months of residency, homesteaders also had the option of purchasing the land from the
government for roughly $1.25 per acre. (Primary Documents in American History) The land that the
government was distributing belonged to various tribes of the Plains Indians. By having the
Homestead Act in effect and encouraging settlers to migrate west, Plains Indians were forced into
reservations. The real impact of Manifest Destiny was that it sent many settlers west, without
realizing that the settlers were taking land from the Indians. The Indians that lived in the
reservations had just enough food to keep their population alive, as well as living in unsanitary
conditions with bacteria and diseases everywhere. The two options that the Indians had was to either
live in the reservations with little to no food or to face genocide. Some Indian tribes tried to make
amends with American troops who ushered the natives to reservations, but some American troops
turned on the Indians. One incident of the American troops killing Indians was the Nez Perce war.
This war was over a conflict of land and how some US troops did not agree on the settlement of the
land. The war resulted in over 100 casualties towards the Indians and was stated as a genocide of
and Indian tribe. The second act that was passed by the United States government was the Dawes
Act. The Dawes Act authorized the President to survey American

The Great Plains Indians
The Great Plains was the home of thousands of Indians. The Great Plains Indians is a tribe that still
lives in part of the North of the United States and Canada. This tribe is also known as the Sioux's, a
tribe that still lives in this territory. Indian tribes struggle every day because they do not have
recourses. They do not live a normal life because most of them have diabetes which makes their life
expectancy shorter than other Americans. Males tend to live till the age of 48 and females to the age
of 52 which is not normal for Americans. Some of the factors that affect this life expectancy are low
income and their nutrition. Most Indians only make about $8,000 per years, that is not even one
third of what a normal American makes per year.

The Extinction Of The Bison
Imagine walking in your backyard and seeing a dangerous buffalo that is twice the size as a cow
eating your grass. That would be terrifying to witness, but that scene would most likely not happen
in today's world because the bison were almost driven to extinction during the 19th and 20th
century. The Indians needed buffalo for their primary food source, so they would hunt bison. Then,
Euro–Americans came along and disrupted the system for the Indians. There is an argument for who
is to blame for the near–extinction of the bison. Some believe the blame all falls on the Indians as
they over–hunted. Others may feel that the blame goes on the Euro–Americans who impacted the
system by getting involved with bison. Consequently, I believe ... Show more content on
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One would think that a lesson would be learned because "by the last quarter of the eighteenth
century, as the plains nomads accumulated beaver pelts for trade with Europeans, they steadily
exterminated the beaver" (Isenberg 50). The Indians would acquire horses, corn, and tobacco for
trading the beaver skin, but they took out an area full of beavers. This situation was similar to the
shrinking bison population and it was a sign of what could come if they continued to over–hunt and
trade with the Euro–Americans. Vulnerability took over the Indians as they continued to trade with
the Euro–Americans. The trade consisted of bison or bison parts in exchange for weapons and
alcohol. Over–hunting took place because of this trading between the two. The Indians became
greedy to hunt, so they needed better weapons and this showed as the bison population was
shrinking. Another basic need was alcohol and it took over as a popular trade and once consumed, it
did not burden the nomads (Isenberg 104). A gallon of alcohol would sell for five prime bison robes
and this showed how much the Indians valued alcohol. Whiskey was needed and it was included in
the trade for bison products. Therefore, hunting for bison became much more important because the
Indians would get a reward from supplying bison parts. This looks bad on the Indians as their
motives for killing off bison was their need for

Colonel George Armstrong Custer: The Battle Of The Little...
Reno's Orders
Colonel George Armstrong Custer was the man who started a battle with Sioux and Cheyenne
Indians in 1876. The Government wanted the Indians land, but the Indians were reluctant to give it
up. They wanted to Indians to give up their nomadic lives and live on reservations. This battle
became the most famous conflict in the Plains Indians Wars. It was called the Battle of the Little
Bighorn, or also known as Custer's Last Stand. Custer teamed up with Major Marcus Reno and told
him to go attack the Indians and Custer would back him up. Reno went down into the valley, cross
the Little Bighorn river and attacked. Custer decided to do his own thing and left Reno and his men
with no back up. Little did they know they were about to face two thousand armed Indians.
Reno's Soldiers
The American Cavalry determined that the best way to fight is to dismount and fight on foot. Reno's
men were given short rifles and pistols. The Plains Indians preferred to fight on horseback rather
than fighting on foot, but in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, both sides fought on foot. It wasn't an
organized battle, they fought for their own. Reno's men got off their horses and formed a line across
the North side of the river. Some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They asked various officers, scouts and men who were there with Reno in the battle. A civilian
scout, Girard, believed Reno could have held up against the Indians as long as his ammunition and
provisions held out. Lieutenant Wallace disagreed and mentioned that the recruits, who had no
control of their horses, used up most of their fifty rounds. The ammunition wouldn't have held up.
Lieutenant Charles Varnum concurs with Reno's decision and believes that they wouldn't have held
their ground against the Indians. Three others agrees with Reno's decision. It was quick, smart, and
he saved many men from dying. Given that he did lose thirty–two, he saved a lot more from losing
their

How Did The Plains Indians Impact On American Culture
The great plains also known as the american desert are a wide stretch of land in the centre of North
America. 35000 years ago, Indians first lived off the lands, they were The Plains Indians, people
who lived by themselves on the land until European settlement. Many things in the plains Indians
lives changed when the Europeans came, the most stand out changes were the introduction of guns,
armour and horse. This report will explain the impacts of contact on Indigenous people during
European settlement. The Indian population was constantly changing as tribes were continually
moving in and out of the area. Those who were permanent residents would live in villages of 9 to 90
huts made from wood, mud and river weeds. This was due to villages being positions near rivers,
lakes or niches, this was because the niches were filled with large numbers of bison, otherwise
known as buffalo. The Indians main source of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Sioux defended the north plains so no one could eat the beavers, their gun numbers were the
highest of all the tribes and they were the biggest tribe in the plains. This large tribe effected the
Europeans as their items were not getting proper trade flow passed the Sioux, the Europeans were
getting very annoyed and, they began slowing down the trade to make sure they didn't create a bad
advantage between the tribes. It was due to low food that immunity was down and diseases started
to spread, diseases such as smallpox, measles, whooping–cough and many more killed a large
percentage of the population. It was estimated that these diseases killed around 80% of the Sioux
tribe and 20% of most other tribes near them. The disease caused mass loss in the Plains for both the
Indians and the Europeans as they lost large numbers of traders and middle

Plains Indians Demise
The Demise of the Plains Indians In chapters 16 and 17 we learned many things; a big portion was
about the natives. Focusing on their treatments that consequently lead to their demise. As the white
settlers moved in showing dominance, people could tell changes were coming. There were many
adjustments made by the Plains Indians, yet they faced hardships such as, lack of supplies, adequate
weapons, sicknesses, and declining tribe numbers Plains Indians faced hardships in many forms,
during the time that white settlers started changing their ways. The whites brought a new way of life
that the Indians had not yet seen. Some were positive and others, not so much. The whites had soon
become a striking dominate force. Their knowledge and new helpful tips and inventions were great
assets to the natives. While the less positives were their violence and diseases. On an educational
website, www.Pbs.org they said that the new settlers brought nearly 2 ... Show more content on
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In their way stood many Native tribes focusing on those in the plains (Arapaho, Cheyenne, Sioux,
Comanche, Wichita, Blackfeet, and Omaha) that had called this land their home for many
generations and more to come. Americans were too focused on their goals that they never took time
to realize that these natives were not going to budge without a fight. An online encyclopedia whose
portion was written by Robert Wooster says,
"The Plains Wars were neither solely the product of U.S. encroachment on native lands nor the
result of Native American aggression; rather, they were fueled in large measure by both sides'
understanding of military action as a legitimate means of securing policy goals. Indians typically
sought to engage in battle only when conditions seemed most favorable to success with minimal
losses."(Wooster, pg.4)
The natives did what they thought was best for their people to protect them from the advancing

The Characteristics Of The Kiowa Tribe Of Native Americans
The Kiowa Indians are a tribe of Native Americans. They migrated from western Montana
southward into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries, and finally into the
Southern Plains by the early 19th century. The Kiowa Indians are from Colorado, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, and Texas. The Kiowa tribe was forced to move to a reservation in Oklahoma during the
1800's, and most Kiowa people are still living in Oklahoma today. They first lived in what is now
called Montana. In the 1700s they moved to the Great Plains. The Kiowa were powerful warriors.
They defended their land from U.S. settlers and troops longer than most other Plains Indian tribes
did. The Kiowa Tribe had unique characteristics that impacted the United States back then.
Things that made the Kiowa Tribe unique were their calendars. The biannual Kiowa Calendar
divides the year into summer and winter. To differentiate the seasons, the calendar keeper used a
pictograph of the Sun dance lodge for summer and perhaps hand game sticks or zohl–ahl sticks for
winter. It is commonly believed that the Johausan was the earlier calendar keeper in the Kiowa tribe.
After the death of Johausan in the winter of 1866–1867, other Kiowa men began keeping calendars
as well. As time progressed into the twentieth century, the number of calendars grew as the calendar
keepers began recording for individual communities. Eventually, calendar keeping fell into
nonexistence.
The Kiowa saw great importance in the extended

Plains Indians Religious Beliefs Essay
The Plains Indians' Religious Beliefs The Plains Indians religious beliefs were quite similar and
interesting. The Plains Indians believed in Animism. Animism is the belief that everything possesses
a spirit. Besides Animism, the Plains Indians only worshiped one other "god." That was the Great
Spirit. The Great Spirit was the mother of all things. They would perform ceremonies for her. Sacred
items were also important to the people of the Plains. They would have items that they believed had
spiritual or talismanic powers. The items would be located in a pouch at the person's side. The
Medicine Man would also carry around multiple pouches with different talisman. This could come
in the form of a peace pipe or a calumet or something that they

The Black Plague Of America
Before the "Black Plague" of America the natives had a very different lifestyle. The native
population was much more massive with number in the millions, but then these number dropped as
a majority of them died from diseases and wars. Many people have a stereotypical view of the
people of the "New world." The warped perspective many non–native people share is that the
"Indians" are savage barbarians who roam the landmass known as North America. However, most of
the natives had families which they went to great lengths to feed, clothe, and shelter. Additionally
many people group all the indigenous tribes into one general category labeled "Indians." But the
truth could not be more contrasting, they all live in extremely diverse ecosystems that they all adapt
to in different ways .Their entire culture was based off of their local milieu. Two interesting tribes in
specific are the Cheyenne and the Powhatan.
The Cheyenne are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains .They followed the antediluvian
lifestyle of a hunter–gatherer society. Later on, they developed an agricultural way of life. They
occasionally sparred with bordering tribes such as the Crow or Blackfeet, and they participated in
endemic warfare. And Like many other plains Indian nations, the Cheyenne were a horse and
warrior people who were skilled and vigorous warriors on horseback . A warrior was not regarded
by the people as a maker of war but as a protector, provider, and leader. When the

Plains Indians Research Paper
The effect of being Plains Indians located on a reservation in Oklahoma during the 1900. Between
1865 and 1900 there have numerous events that have occurred for the plains Indians that changed
their way of thinking, and their way of life here in the United States of America. It all started with as
a simple introduction of the horses, buffalo, boarding schools, loss of land and major attacks on the
Indians. First of all, the Plains Indian were great travelers that roam free throughout the lands and
were great fighters who used guerilla tactics. With time, came the genocide of the of the buffalo, this
was because the Americans would just kill them for sport and leave the meat to rot. Another issue
that came was the creation of reservation. As you know the plain Indians were always free to roam
the land and all of the sudden the Americans tried to restrict them to one place, which could not
have happened since the Indians hatted farming. In addition, you cannot forget the creations of
boarding school which were founded by Francis Pratt. At the schools they tried to persuade the
American way of life such as religion, clothing, and language. If a Indian spoke their native
language they beaten for not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At that location was the great Chief Black Kettle. During this time Chief Black Kettle had made it
cleared with the Americans that they wanted peace and not war. At their site they were flying the
American flag along with a white flag which showed that they wanted peace. Regardless of having
both flags flying to informed anyone around them that they were peaceful, COL John Chivington
and his militia attacked the Indian Camp. The ending was horrible, COL Chivington and his militia
slaughtered 150 men, women, and children. Of course this was not all the killing, there would be
more killing from both sides throughout the

Annotated Bison Research Paper
When you hear about an animal that stands up to six and a half feet tall and weigh 2,200 pounds;
with horns, two feet long curving up for fighting and able to run 40 miles per hour. You
automatically think a beast or monster, which you're not that far off. Being the largest land animal in
North America, bison have often been called beasts and as an above, they deserve that title. 5,000
years ago bison roamed, around 2,000 years ago, they reached their maximum range. When
Europeans arrived in North America, around 50 million bison roamed the continent. The bison has
gone through a bottleneck, but genetically hasn't declined much. The bison were once considered
the keystone specie of North America. The taxonomic classification of the Bison ... Show more
Gestation for females is 285 days, although since they live in a herd, many cows wait for others to
give birth so it will be at the same time. The calves can stand and walk ten minutes after birth. Once
one of the numerous mammals of all time, by the late 1800s bison as we knew they were nearly
extinct. We began setting up preserves for them to live safely. We also bred bison in captivity for
their meat. Their life span has gone up since being in captivity; from 10 years in the wilderness to
around 20 in resorts. In the late 1900s farmers bred their "meat" bison with their cattle, hoping to
produce better meat. The problem? When you breed bison and cattle, you get infertile hybrids.
Therefore, leading to an impact on the bison population. In 1973, 14 bison were released at the
125,000 acre Marine Corps Camp Pendleton in southern California. Today, about 120 of their
descendants still roam those hills. Cattle genes are found in more than half the bison population.
Being in captivity and reproducing with cattle has made their gene pool be eradicated. YellowStone
is one of the reserves where bison still roam free. It is one of the very few herds that don't contain
cattle

Plains Indian Case Study
1. What happened to the Plains Indian population between 1780 and 1870? During the period of
American westward expansion the Plains Indian population dwindled by 50% due to Americans
bringing Alcohol, guns, and diseases 2. What happened to the buffalo herds on the Great Plains?
The Buffalo population of the Great Plains became extinct due to American depreciation for the
culturally significant animal of the Natives. The slaughter of these herd gave the American platform
ammunition to defeat their adversaries with more ease; they were forced to either starve or give in
and live on reservations 3. Explain the Indian wars on the Great Plains: Beginning in 1862, the years
of war that would be a frantic effort for the natives to claim their territory. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Who built America's first transcontinental railroad? The First railroad connecting the original
settlements of the east coast to the newly franchised west was created by Charles Crocker in 1869.
He was able to obtain this goal by deploying a large force of Chinese laborers to his production that
had been previously turned away by mining companies. 11. What are the two factors that most
helped stimulate the land rush in the trans–Mississippi West? The two factors that greatly boosted
the migration to the trans–Mississippi West were the Homestead Act of 1862 and the completion of
the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869. The Homestead Act of 1862 was a decree to all that by
settling in the new paved land for 5 years, 160 acres will be granted. This act was extended to
prospective citizens. The completion of the first railroad to connect both ends of The New World
was able to speed up transportation and communication for America, thus drawing more attention to
the land out West. 12. Why did so many people migrate to the West during the three decades after

Defeat Of The Plains Indians
Many people associate the beginning of the defeat of the plains Indians with the Fort Laramie Treaty
signed in 1868, yet ever since the Spanish set sail for the New World in 1492, European and
American Powers tried to push out the natives. Throughout 1870–1900, better known as the Gilded
Age, the federal government attempted, but failed to confine Native Americans to specific areas.
The plains Indians were ultimately defeated because of the governments willingness to deploy
military forces, construction of railroads and buildings on Indian settlements, and most impacted by
the butchery of the buffalo, whom the Indians maintained every aspect of their life around.
The U.S Army and the desire for warfare with the Indians was one of the reasons ... Show more
Army and the forceful action used to confine the natives, the construction on Indian land, and the
massive slaughter of the buffalo which the Indians relied on in every aspect of life. The
mistreatment of the Native Americans has been going on for hundreds of years, way before the Gold
Rush began. The American government has taken land that they are unable to return to this day.
They have deprived the plains Indians of their culture and freedom. Immigration from other
countries was at its peak, but America still wasn't able to call people, that had resided in the United
States for many years, citizens. Even the Native American's, that had lived on the continent before it
was even discovered, were denied citizenship unless they were Anglo–Saxon Protestant. To this day,
many look at the Indians as a joke; The Seminoles as "The Tribe that Purchased A Billion Dollar
Business." Children are being taught about friendship between the American Settlers and the
Natives, they are being lied to. The upcoming generations won't understand the horrors of
unnecessary warfare against innocent people, and they will only know to take what they want, even
if it isn't rightfully theirs. America as a nation has to be stopped from draping curtains over the
defeat of the plains Indians: their wiping out of an entire people, just as they did to the

Plains Indian Culture
The term "Plains Indian" refers to a group of indigenous people who lived on the interior plains of
both Midwest America and the southern Canada. Their culture was traditionally nomadic as they
survived by hunting and gathering, and often followed the migration of the American Bison. The
Bison provided them with their main resource as they used its hide, bones, fat, and fur to make
clothing, housing, and tools. Teepees were their traditional form of housing (Roth, 1923)because
they were easily constructed and then dismantled to fit the Plains Indian's transient lifestyle. Several
other unique aspects of their lifestyle have become a part of the stereotypical American Indian
depicted in film and literature such as their reliance on domesticated ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During the 19th century, Plains Indians began to frequently sew small glass beads to their garments
and other personal items. The attractive beads were manufactured in the sophisticated glass shops of
Venice and reached the West by long and winding trade routes that began in Europe and crossed the
Atlantic to connect with seaboard commerce in the fledgling United States (Loeb, 1990). A few
beads were then carried across the country by early explorers such as Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark, while others found their way into trading systems controlled by indigenous people.
Some Native American groups of the northern West actually acquired European beads before they
ever saw European people (Loeb, 1990). Permanent trading posts soon provided women with a
steady supply of beads, and Venetian glass blowers were beginning to emphasize a tiny product
called a seed bead, which they produced in dozens of colors. As a result of these changes, the craft
women who lived in the middle of the nineteenth century began to refine the art of beading using
their ample bead supplies in a rainbow of colors. Within decades the Blackfeet, Crow, Sioux,
Cheyenne, and Kiowa, as well as neighboring plateau and Great Basin groups, were evolving
distinctive styles and encrusting horse gear, dress yokes, vests, bags, cradle tops, and a whole array
of other impressive items with beads

Plains Indian Ledger Drawing Essay
During my time at the Plains Indian Ledger Drawing Exhibition in the Bellarmine Museum of Art,
ledger drawing Cheyenne, ca. 1870 took my attention. The exhibition was full of various ledger
drawings, however this one specifically made me think and analyse every single aspect of it. In my
opinion the central focus of this image is either the evolution of native indian's life and the native
indians' preparation for the war with U.S. Troops. The piece is called Ledger Drawing and is made
of graphite and pencils. The pictures were used to memorialize the acts of male Indians and to
exemplify their bravery in battle and ultimate victory or loss. The unknown artist used a various
colors to give the better taste of actions that were happening in this ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
troops, because as we could see the first character of this drawing is a Cheyenne warrior who is
running towards the U.S. troops on his already bleeding horse. The reason that makes me to think
that he is running to fight is because he is holding a rendezvous throwing knife and facing forward.
Seems to me that he is also the leader of the tribe, since the artist numbered each one of the
characters and the first character's number is one. Artist distinguished each character by having a
different dress accessories, roaches, fire guns and knives. Besides that each one of Indians holding
some sort of an animal totems, which could be the symbol of the tribe that they belonged to. If my
analyzation on animal totem is right, then in this piece artist tried to bring the member of the
different tribes together, united against the enemy. By droving the character I believe the author tried
to escalade the events. Because, this male Indian on his heavily injured ride is trying to run away,
however he is still not giving up and fighting. As we could despite the fact that he is running away,
him and his gun are pointed against the enemy. His difference from other male Indians is that he is
holding an actual firearm. In my

Native Americans And Treaties with the Government
"We must protect the forests for our children, grandchildren and children yet to be born. We must
protect the forests for those who can't speak for themselves such as the birds, animals, fish and
trees" Chief Qwatsina's of the Lakota Tribe. The plain natives, a respectful people, took from the
land what they needed and always gave back. The settlers that came thought they were smarter and
more advanced than the natives, and viewed the natives as being inferior. In reality it was the exact
opposite. It was the settlers that had forgotten that the most basic way of life was the smartest way
of life. The settlers were clouded by their "vast knowledge" that they convinced themselves that
their way of life was the best and only way of life and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the book Buffalo Jones Forty Years of Adventure written by Charles Jones, Jones describes the
Plain Indians as, "The most tenacious of life than any race I have ever encountered." The Plain
Natives consisting primarily of Blackfoot, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Kiowa, Lakota, saw the bison
a sacred animal because it provided almost everything they needed to survive. A good bison kill
would weigh about 2,000 pounds, 800 pounds of which was good to eat. The natives could use the
bladder and stomach to store water and keep meet fresh, the hides were used as cover for teepees
and the various bones as weapons. The Plain Natives believed that the bison were created by the
Great Spirit for the soul purpose of keeping their tribes alive, making them cherish the bison as a
literal life line. In Jones's book, Jones depicts his encounter with Chief Big Indian of the Cheyenne
tribe. In this way when Jones shows Chief Big Indian where a herd of bison was, Chief Big Indian
was ecstatic with excitement, and signaled the rest of his hunters that he had found a herd. Within
half an hour, 100 Indians came from miles away to the signaled spot. Every able–bodied man from
the tribe was out hunting for bison. This shows how important the bison were for the natives. When
a single herd of bison was sighted it was so important that every man in the tribe would leave their
wives and children at risk to hunt down the herd. During the mid 1800's, the American frontiersmen
were

Plain Indians Research Paper
The Plain Indians Fall The Plain Indians were a group of indians that got their name from living in
the great plains of the United States. The Plain Indians were known for worshiping the Great Spirit,
and would preform rituals and dances to their Great Spirit. Their main food source was buffalo and
they would rely on that highly in order to survive. The Plain Indians were a very distinct group of
people that relied on the land and natural resources in order to survive. They had a group called
Shamans and they were like medicine men that would go around and help out people that were sick.
They would use natural fruits and vegetables to get the sick better. They also would use a simple
tactic in saying to the people that they are not sick to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Plain Indians main source of food was buffalo. Not only did they use the buffalo for food they
used the buffalo for coats, shoes, blankets, and even cups for drinking. So when the Americans
expanded out west they took over and killed off a lot of buffalo, so the Indian families that were
living in certain areas that the Americans were coming into had a lot less buffalo to chose from and
that number kept decreasing. The Plain Indians had no choice to either fight for their land of move
away. Different Indian tribes would do different things. Some would fight for their land, but most of
the time it resulted in defeat because of the lack of advancement of weapons they had compared to
the US people. Due to the amount of cattle ranching going on and the booming business of it, the
Indians had no choice but to move away from their ways of hunting. The US cattle ranchers would
create barb wire fences so that the cattle could only go so far. The buffalo population nearly went
extinct because of the amount of cattle ranching going on. Before the cattle ranching there was
nearly 60 million buffalo and by the end of the 19th century there were less than 1,000 buffalo.
("The Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad." n.d.). This is another key reason why the Plain
Indians fell to the United States of

The Native Tribes Of The Great Plains And The Eastern...
The native tribes of the Great Plains and the Eastern Woodlands have surprisingly different
adaptions and responses to their expansions by settlers; not only in their cultures, but in their
subsistence, warfare, peacemaking, and gender roles as well. Both tribes were forced to adapt and
change due to the overtaking on the European settlers, but both managed to do it in different ways.
First, I will look at the tribes of the Great Plains. These nomadic tribes survived on hunting, and the
great American Buffalo was their main source of food. These massive animals were the main source
for many items the Plains tribes made from their flesh, hide and bones, such as foods, cups,
decorations, tools, knives, and clothing. The tribes followed the seasonal grazing and migration of
buffalo in order to maintain their diet and subsistence throughout the year. The Plains Indians lived
in tipis because they were easily disassembled and allowed the nomadic life of following game.
When horses from the Spanish were finally obtained, the Plains tribes rapidly joined them into their
daily lives. The natives began to acquire these horses in the 17th century by trading or stealing them
from the Spanish colonists in, what is now, New Mexico. The tribes of the Great Plains were not
particularly violent when the Spanish first invaded, three factors led to the growing importance of
warfare in Plains' culture. First, was the Spanish colonization of the New Mexico colony which
stirred up raids and

Essay on A.P.U.S.H unit 6 study guide
Unit 6 Ch. 16–18 (Total Questions 79) CHAPTER SIXTEEN 1 Compare and contrast the Pacific
Coast Indians with the Pueblos of the Southwest. The most important of all to the Northwest coast
Indian peoples was the Raven. The Pueblo peoples lived in compact, permanent villages and resided
in multifamily buildings. The women of a household cared for young children; cultivated spring–
irrigated gardens. 2 What traits did the Plains tribes share, and what was the economic basis of the
way of life for most Plains tribes? One of the most important traits shared by all Plains tribes was
the fact that they all hunted bison or buffalo. This was also the economic basis of their way of life
since hunting provided them with food and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
12 Describe the composition and structure of the labor force in the West. How was it shaped by
racial prejudice? 13 What were the principal gold and silver boom areas from 1858 to 1874? What
other mineral extraction became economically important? Topaz if you went deep enough but it
took a lot of time and money and people or workers. 14 Describe the typical pattern of development
and decline in the mining regions. What was life like for men and women in the mining camps and
towns? Mining life for the men was long days and tough work conditions that were often dangerous.
In some towns the women also worked the mines but normally they were in charge of taking care of
the homes. 15 Describe the origins, purposes, and practices of the "long drive" and the "open range"
cattle industry. What ended this brief but colorful boom? What was the long–run nature of the cattle
business? To transfer animals across the country to be used for other things. It failed after a while
due to droughts and the freezes 16 How did the Wild West shows of Buffalo Bill Cody and others
shape the popular image of the American West? Wild West Shows were traveling vaudeville
performances in the United States and Europe. The first and prototypical wild west show was
Buffalo Bill's, formed in 1883 and lasting until 1913. The shows introduced many western
performers and personalities, and a

The Destruction Of The Plains Indian Culture
In 1874 the US Army sent a force under Colonel Custer into South Dakota. When gold was
discovered in the area, the federal government declared that all Sioux Indians not in reservations
would have to be subjugated by Custer's troops. Many Sioux refused to cooperate, and Custer began
to attack. At the battle of Little Bighorn, in June 1876, Custer split his troops, and a larger force of
Indians wiped out all of his men. After this defeat, the army took a different course by harassing the
Sioux in attrition. Indians eventually lost the will to resist as these strategies were commonly
successful against the Sioux. In the December of 1890, approximately 300 Indians were killed by
US troops at Wounded Knee. This massacre was the indication to the end of Indian opposition. The
Plains Indians were eventually conquered and forced into reservations. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The buffalo would supply the Indians with their necessities for living including resources for thread,
clothes, food and shelter. The buffalo was also used for trading things more valuable. An important
action that undermined the Plains Indian culture was the large killing of buffalo in a short period of
time. Army commanders who worked in the north west often tried to deprive the Indians of their
main source of survival by killing the buffalo as a way to drive them of their land. As the population
of buffalo dwindled, the Plains Indians had no means of independent support or nourishment and
were forced to accept the US government's policy of living on Indian reservations. The killing of
buffalo was supported by the US military in order to undermine the survival of the Indians, and up
to 250 buffalo were killed each

Plains Indians Research Paper
The Plains Indians ensued two principal varieties of life: farming and hunting. The farmers lived in
perpetual villages. These tribes were the Arikaras, Pawnees, and Wichitas (who spoke languages of
the Caddoan family) and additionally the Mandans, Hidatsas, Omahas, Otos, and Osages (who
spoke Siouan languages). Their residences within the northern plains were generally fabricated from
logs coated with dirt. Within the southern plains, their residences were coated in grass. Women
farmed, prepared, and preserved food crops. The men hunted, fished, and cultivated tobacco. Twice
the year the men would endure extended hunting trips for buffalo. Once within the early summer
after their crops were planted and so once more in autumn after the harvest. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The army maintained a system of forts at strategic locations and fielded heavy offensive columns
burdened by slow‐moving supply trains. The Indians fought with hit‐and‐run tactics that exploited
environmental factors and avoided open engagement unless the risk was small. The individual
warrior excelled over the typical regular in virtually every test of combat proficiency, but in open
battle, this was offset by military organization, discipline, command, and firepower. In general, the
army prevailed when the Indians abandoned their orthodoxy and fought by white rules, or when
commanders abandoned their orthodoxy and fought by Indian

Texas Indians During The Great Plains And Mountain Basin...
Texas Indians In the Great Plains and Mountain Basin Regions
Work Edited by: Kobe Jones and Keaton Kirk.
The main Indian tribes that lived in the Great Plains and Mountain Basin region were the Tigua,
Comanche, Apache, Kiowa, and Jumano. The Comanche were a fierce tribe who rivaled the
Apaches and eventually ended up pushing them out of Texas. They originally lived in mountains
until they acquired horses in the 1600s and became powerful and mobile, thus deciding to move
southwest to find more mustangs, buffalo, and a warmer climate. Together with their exceptional
fighting skills and horse riding skills, the Comanche quickly controlled most of the Plains region
and became very wealthy. They were able to follow the buffalo as nomads and use this animal as a
resource for almost everything. They also could trade their buffalo goods with other tribes and make
a profit. The Comanche would skin the animal and use it for moccasins, leggings, breechcloths,
teepee coverings, and skirts for men and women. The tribe was organized with a war chief and
peace chief. The tribe believed in good and bad spirits including the Great Spirit which they would
smoke a pipe to. Men in the tribe were warriors and would steal horses from other tribes and people.
If they were killed the tribe would kill their horse also and put them in a trench. The Kiowa were
another greatly feared and hostile tribe that strongly resisted European influence in their lives. They
originally resided in Montana where

Indigenous Religions : Native American Indians Essay
Around the world, many indigenous religions exist and share their beliefs and culture with other
individuals around them. Indigenous religions are unique because in the world today, a lot of people
can go back in history and reveal that they came from indigenous people. When examining
indigenous religions, there are a variety of cultures within this religion, but specifically looking at
the Native American Indian tribes, there were many ways they practiced their culture in order to
serve a purpose.
In the 19th century, indigenous religions such as the Plain Indians or Native American Indians
practiced a religious ceremony every year called the Sun Dance. Specific tribes that participated in
this ritual included the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Sioux, Plains Cree, Plains Ojibway (Chippewa),
Ponca, Ute, Shoshone, Kiowa, and Blackfoot. Even though these tribes practiced the same rituals,
the way they approached the ceremony varied. When the Sun Dance was first introduced, the origin
was unknown, but it still offered these tribes a way of rebirth and renewal within their lives. In the
1900's the Sun Dance was banned for a short time because it was considered "superstitious rather
than religious" and as a part of the ceremony the tribes would inflict self–torture and that was
considered morbid. Eventually, in the mid–20th century (1930), it was no longer banned, and these
tribes could continue their ceremony every year. From the 19th century to today, the Sun Dance
Ceremony is still

The ' Plains Indian '
The term "Plains Indian" refers to a group of indigenous people who lived on the interior plains of
both Midwest America and the southern Canada. Their culture was traditionally nomadic as they
survived by hunting and gathering, and often followed the migration of the American Bison. The
Bison provided them with their main resource as they used its hide, bones, fat, and fur to make
clothing, housing, and tools. Teepees were their traditional form of housing because they were easily
constructed and then dismantled to fit the Plains Indian's transient lifestyle (Roth, 1923). Several
other unique aspects of their lifestyle have become a part of the stereotypical American Indian
depicted in film and literature such as their reliance on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The men mainly wore leggings and short pants made out of animal skin and during the winter
seasons they wore thick hide robes. It was difficult to obtain enough hide to clothe an entire village
so some members had very little clothing at all and almost no one had more than one set of clothing
(Carlson, 1998). This scarcity caused Plains Indians to reduce the use of their clothing by going
naked in the warmer seasons in hopes of prolonging its use (Kaye, 1987). Most women wore dresses
made out of lighter weight deerskin, sometimes with thin pants made out of deerskin or buffalo
hide. Women spun and wove fibers made from flax and other wheat to make the inside of theses
hides softer (Carlson, 1998). The act of adorning personal items with dyed porcupine quills is an
ancient Native American art form predominantly used by the Plains Indian tribes before the
introduction of glass beads. This method of decoration has long been a part of Plains Indian culture
as archaeologists have discovered quill working tools dating back to the 6th century (Neuman,
1960). Quill work is entirely unique to the Subarctic, Plains, and Northeastern Woodlands of North
America (Roth, 1923).These areas encapsulate the porcupine's natural habitat which reveals the
ability of Plains Indians to utilize the resources around them for means of production beyond
survival. This adaptation is

Apush Notes: Conquering a Continent 1861-1877 Essay
Cheyanne Ervin
APUSH, Period: 2
Ms. Check
14 January 2013
Chapter 16: Conquering a Continent, 1861–1877:
* Essential Question: What factors helped advance the integration of the national economy after the
Civil War?
Section 1: The Republican Vision: * Integrating the National Economy: * Reshaping the former
Confederacy after the Civil War supplemented a Republican drive to strengthen the national
economy to overcome limitations of market variations that took place under previous Democratic
commands. * Failure to fund internal improvements left different regions of the country
disconnected, producing the Civil War, Republicans argued. * During the Civil War and after, the
Republican–dominated Congress made strong use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Union victory also increased trade with Latin America. Mexico freed itself from French rule in
1867, but risked economic manipulation by its larger northern neighbor, the United States. *
International trade became a new model for asserting power in Latin America and Asia. Under the
leadership of Secretary of State William Steward (1861–1869), the United States embraced China
and Japan, forcing the Japanese to remain open to trade.
* Seward also advocated the purchase of strategic locations for naval bases and refueling stations,
such as land in Nicaragua for a canal, Hawaii, and the Philippines. * In 1868, Seward achieved a
significant victory with congressional approval of the Burlingame Treaty with China, regulating
immigration. The same year, Seward also purchased Alaska from Russia, further establishing the
United States as a global power.
Summary:
* Essential Question: What factors drew homesteaders to the Great Plains, and what role did they
play in the Republicans' vision for the post–Civil War nation? Section 2: Incorporating the West: *
Cattlemen and Miners: * Conquest and development of the American West became the domestic
foundation for national supremacy in the late 1800s. Farm development was as vital as factory
development to Republican policymakers. * Republicans sought to bring families to the West by
offering 160 acres of land through the Homestead

Native American And Native Americans
Many years ago, Native Americans roamed North America. That was until the arrival of the whites
lead by Columbus in 1492. The white Americans then began to take as much land as possible,
contradict with the native's customs and tried to take complete control of their lives.
Native Americans didn't believe in owning land– they believed that all of the land was everyone's to
share. So when the white Americans find out none of the land is owned, they take control of the
land, and slowly push the Natives out as they dominate the country.
Now, out of the 318.9 million population of the U.S, only 1.7% of that is made up of Native
Americans. In the 2003 census, there was recorded to be 562 different tribes, yet barely anyone
knows much about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two different tribes I'm going to compare are the Plains Indians and the North west Coast.
Most people assume that since they are considered the same race, that all tribes have the same
customs, which is partially wrong. However, somethings are similar if not the same in different
tribes.
One of these customs is about gender roles.
In both tribes, women were expected to all of the cooking for the family, 'cleaning' quilling, beading
and more.
For the women in the Plains, they were set with the responsibilities of setting up the tipis every time
they moved areas, and preparing the Buffalo– tanning the hide etc. In the north West coast tribes, the
women were expected to make woven baskets and prepare the food. The women were married off
between the general age of 12–15 and had approximately 4 children.
Men, on the other hand, are trained from a young age basic fighting skills. the boys living in the
plains would learn horsemanship and fighting, so when he was old enough, he would join his male
elders on a Buffalo hunt or battle. A male traditionally went to find the greater spirit when he was
entering manhood (usually age 17) and on return, it would be determined how 'ready' it was. If he
was fully ready, he would join the rest of the tribe on their next battle. If he was not ready, he would
join the next buffalo hunt. On the north west coast, the men were responsible for hunting,
constructing the housing and carving

Cheyenne : A Plains Case Study Of The Cheyenne Indian Indians
Cheyenne: A Plains Case Study
The Cheyenne Indian tribe lived in the central portion of the High Plains and they were divided into
northern and southern groups. Originally an agricultural people, they migrated to the Plains and they
became hunters. The name "Cheyenne means "red speakers" or Indians of alien speech" but they
called themselves Tsistsistas meaning "people from this group". The climate in the Plains was cold
in the winters and hot in the summers with little rain. The rivers provided resources for the people.
They spoke the Algonquian language which is related to the Blackfoot, Arapaho and a number of
other groups in eastern North America. Both northern and southern Cheyenne Indians speak distinct
dialects but they are mutually understandable.
They were first contacted in Minnesota by French expeditions in 1680. When they moved to the
plains they became Bison hunters. In the plains, they allied themselves very closely with the Sutaio
group. They had acquired horses which they used for hunting. In 1825, the Cheyenne signed a treaty
with the United States recognizing them and agreeing to trade with them and allowing them to pass
through their territory. The peace lasted for many decades before conflict between the United States
government and the Cheyenne started up again because the Americans were encroaching on their
territory. Hostilities heightened during the massacre of Indians at Sand Creek killing innocent
women, children and hundreds of Cheyenne and

Plains Indians Summary

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Plains Indians Summary