carbon and its allotropes

1. its types and allotropes

2. • carbon is from the Latin word “carbo” meaning charcoal.
• It was first recognized as an element in the
second half of the 18th centaury name
A.L Lavoisier proposed carbon in 1789.
• Found naturally both can also be created
Artificially
• Carbon is found in the atmosphere inside the earths crust
And in all living organisms.
• Carbon is present in fuel like wood, charcoal, coke petroleum,
gas biogas etc.

3. Carbon is the chemical element with symbol c
and the atomic number 6. as a member of
group 14 on the periodic table, it is
non-metallic and tetravalent- making
four electron available to form covalent
chemical bonds. There are three naturally
occurring isotopes with c12 and c13 being
stable while c14 is radioactive.

4. • Allotropes are different forms
of the same element in the
same physical state.
Carbon has 4-allotropes-
• graphite
• diamond
• fullerene
• graphene.

5. • Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 others,
tetrahedrally arranged in regular
repeating pattern with bond
Angles of 109.5
• It is the hardest known natural substance.
• Density: 3.51g cm per cube.

6. • All electrons are bonded’ non conductor
of electricity.
• Lustrous crystal
• Polished for jewelry and
ornamentation; Used in tools and
machinery for grinding and cutting glass

7. • each carbon atom is bonded in a sphere of 60 carbon atoms,
consisting of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons.
• The structure is closed spherical cage in which each carbon is
bonded to 3 others.

8. • density: 1.72g cm per cube
• Easily accepts electron to form ions.
• Yellow crystalline solid
• Reacts with K to make superconducting crystalline material;
related forms are used to make nanotubes for the electronics
industry catalysts and lubricants.

10. • Graphene is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a two
dimensional, atomic-scale, honey-comb lattice.
• Graphene is the strongest material ever found, it is more than
40 times stronger than diamond.
• Graphene is rigid and perfect thermal conductor.
• Graphene has a large number of application in optical
electronics, ultra filtration, super capacitors.

12. • Unlike diamond, graphite is an
electrical conductor.
• The most stable form of
carbon.
• Graphite powder is used as a
dry lubricant.