Nevada Deer Elk Carcass Disposal Rules

Deer Or Elk Carcass
In Nevada, a deer or elk carcass are disposed of in one of two ways: the head and spinal cord can be
buried, or disposed of at an approved landfill. There are no captive cervids in Nevada. Legislation
passed in 2005 does not allow captive cervid ranches in the state of Nevada. This also means that no
captive elk, white–tailed deer, or mule deer ranches exist in the state (MI Department of Natural
Resources 2014).
Oregon
Although CWD has not been detected in Oregon, wildlife managers in the state are still actively
testing for this prion disease (Oregon Fish & Wildlife website). Since 2002–2003, a total of 17,009
hunter–harvested and targeted surveillance deer and elk have been tested statewide. As of October
2014, 3,113 black–tailed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hunters that do not abide by these regulations can be cited with a misdemeanor (Hamway 2017).
As of November of 2002, "the Oregon Fish & Wildlife Commission issued a regulation imposing a
permanent ban on the importation of live cervids (except fallow deer or reindeer originating from
Oregon and used for educational or display purposes). This regulation was adopted as a risk
reduction measure involving the potential import of CWD and transmission of the disease to the
state's cervid populations" (wild and farmed) (MI Department of Natural Resources 2014).
Since June 2009, captive cervid producers have been given the option to "enroll in a Voluntary
CWD Monitored Herd program via an application to the Wildlife Division Administrator. As a
condition for monitored herd status, all captive North American deer and elk (6 months of age or
older) dying of any cause, must be sampled for CWD by a federally accredited veterinarian, or an
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife veterinarian or at a veterinary diagnostic laboratory by a
veterinary pathologist. Submissions [are] sent to National Veterinary Service Laboratories (NVSL)
by the accredited veterinarian or pathologist" (MI Department of Natural Resources 2014). "Also,
mortality reporting
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Pros Of Hunting
Jonathon piercy
Mrs. King
ELA 1 Hour o3,April 11,2017
Out in the country there is a lot of deer. Is hunting good or bad for the environment?
Pros of hunting claims that It is good because there could be to much of deer or turkey and the
parents want the kids to get out and hunt .hunting season will help to get there kids outside to hunt
in stead them stupid video games. hunting is good for the environment because it controls animal
populations and it benefits kids.
First, hunting helps control animal populations.To help limit deer damage, some form of deer
population control is typically necessary. Well–regulated hunting through the state permit system,
conducted in a safe manner, provides outdoor recreation to thousands of sportsmen and

White Tailed Deer Research Paper
White Tailed Deer Communication All animals have their own distinct way of communicating to
one another and to other species around them. A white tailed deer is one of the most common types
of deer in the United States. A male deer is known as a buck while a female deer is known as a doe
and her babies are known as fawns. Bucks are usually bigger in size than does. Deer go through a
breeding season that causes bucks to go into rut, where they are less cautious with what and where
they go and more active than usual. White tailed deer communicate through scent, visual
presentation, and vocally. White tailed deer have a very strong sense of smell. Their smell is one of
the most important senses that guides them through their life. They rely

How to Become a Bow Hunter Essay examples
Bow hunting can be a fun and exiting sport to do. But first you must learn how to do so. There
several steps involved becoming a successful bow–hunter. You must have proper equipment, good
hunting habitat, and skill with a little technique. Have a nice bow with comfortable poundage that
you can draw back easily fully dressed. Too much poundage will surely give you away. A compound
bow or a recurve bow will both work well. Compound bows are more expensive and are require
frequent tuning. Recurve bows are simple and quite. The choice is up to you.
Bow hunting is relatively not a cheap sport to do. You must first purchase a tree stand with a ladder
or some type of portable ground blind. Set your tree stand in an area you ... Show more content on
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Have thin gloves for shooting your bow and very warm boots since it will be your feet to get cold
first. If you have a loose budget, there are a variety of Gore–Tex waterproof and scent–lok garments
for the serious bow– hunter.
If you happen to be very lucky and have an ATV this will assist you like no tomorrow. Any kind of
ATV will help. As long as it has front and rear racks. These will allow you to strap your equipment
down and scout larger plots of land. This will allow for finding that just right hunting blind. If you
happen to shoot a deer the DNR does allow you to retrieve it using your ATV. This means you can
enter the woods (off the trail) to retrieve your deer. If you have never dragged a deer, it is very hard.
Your ATV will make things much easier. Having an ATV is not necessary, but they are a lot of
fun.Older people who cannot walk well might appreciate these more than younger people.
Try to select an area where the hunting pressure is not too high. Hunting in an area that is
overcrowded is much harder. Having to compete for land and deer population will limit your
chances to be successful in hunting deer. It is much easier to find a friend with private property. This
way you can set up where you want and not have to worry about having a neighbor. Private property
is also nice because the deer are not always running scared because the hunting pressure is not so
high. When

Deer Dont Need To Stay Trouble-Free Research Paper
Deer Don't Need to Flee to Stay Trouble–Free!
Have you ever been in trouble and wanted to get away? The white–tailed deer can swim, run, hide,
and fight to stay out of trouble. If you want to know how they do it, read on.
In early April, fawns (baby deer) are born. After a few weeks, the doe (the mother deer) leaves her
fawns to find food. The doe leaves her fawns in a bushy place. The trees and grass can help keep the
fawns from being seen by hungry predators. The white–tailed deer has many predators, such as
these: mountain lions, bobcats, leopards, lions, dogs, bears, tigers, coyotes, wolves, and even
humans.
The fawns' camouflage hides them in April's trees and golden grasses. In spring, the fawns' fur is
brown with white spots. In summer,

The Role of Sight, Scent, and Sound by the White-tailed Deer
Use and relative role of sight, scent, and sound by white–tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to
locate and select between different types of foods
Introduction
The foraging habits of white–tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter deer) have been
extensively researched. Studies have evaluated seasonal influence as well as other environmental
influences on forage selection by deer (Moen 1981, Rogers et al. 1981, McCullough 1985, and
others). However, no such research has ever tested to determine what senses deer use to locate and
select between different food types or the relative importance of each sense involved in that process.
We are missing much of the basic knowledge of physiology and anatomy related to the sensory
capabilities of deer (D'Angelo et al. 2006). Information from this type of research is becoming
increasingly important to wildlife biologists, as they can use it to improve other forage selection
studies aimed at reducing crop depredation or other wildlife damage. So little is known about the
role of sight, smell, and sound in deer ability to locate and select between forage types, therefore
quantitative information in this area of research needs further attention (Sayre et al. 1992). By
understanding the importance of each sense in the location and selection of different food types by
deer, new studies can be set up that focus on the most important sense, while also considering what
effects the other senses have on their behavior. As

Hunting Argumentative Essay
Hunting is considered one of America's most famous and traditional past times. Fathers around the
nation, with high hopes of teaching their children the ropes, are constantly threatened by the chances
of hunting being exterminated. For the average person, this problem isn't established by the
threatening blows made on our constitutional amendments; instead, the main threat for your average
hunter revolves around finding areas to carry out this tradition. Unfortunately, this problem could
very–well be the terminal endpoint of fathers observing their children harvest their first big game
animal. As an advocate for hunting and any sport revolving around the great outdoors, I constantly
sweat over the thought of one day finding myself unable to pursue a passion that I love, strictly
because finding areas to hunt on is nearly impossible because of other people's actions. In order to
always allow hunters a place to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Local landowners have allowed us to hunt for multiple generations, ever since my grandfather
Kenny lived in the county. This beneficiary has developed into lifelong friendships with local
farmers and ranchers. However, the sport of hunting is always evolving, and yearly, local hunters
witness multiple out of state tags when in the field. As a person who takes multiple ganders at
television shows involving hunting, the evidence of hunters traveling to Western Kansas to harvest a
trophy buck becomes prevalent. This quickly creates a problem, because hunters from other states
are willing to pay thousands of dollar simply to hunt our precious land. These out of state hunters
will pay roughly ten dollars an acre to lease land from local landowners simply to control hunting
rights. Western Kansas consists primarily of blue collar families. With this being said, your average
family is simply unable to dish out the money to compete with the propertied, out of state

Deer Overpopulation Essay
Oh Deer, one might say when seeing that a deer have eaten their planets from their garden or almost
hit a deer while driving or even just when observing them in their backyard or while hunting. More
times than not when the discussion of deer occurs it's extremely evident that the issue of
overpopulation is brought into the conversation and as to how this a direct causation as to why a
deer ate all a persons planets or why they almost hit one while driving. Through my research
examining as to why deer have become such a problem animal in our country (certain areas then
others) I have actually found that this social issue has not always been like this. During me research
I found that deer were actually once cherished animals, that people relied

Hunting Should Not Be Banned
In a civilized and cultivated country, wild animals only continue to exist at all when preserved by
sportsmen"("MARC FOLCO: Some hunting, fishing quotes to live by"). Hunters are the leading
source for all conservation programs. Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most passionate hunters.
People put down hunting like it's a bad thing. Many hunters contribute billions of dollars the the
economy. Hunting should not be banned because of the positive impacts it has on society. Through
strictly regulated hunting we have reintroduced and repopulated various game species into areas
where they were previously wiped out due to extremely excessive hunting by settlers. In the early
1900s all of Indiana's whitetail deer were virtually extinct. By the 1930s whitetail deer were
beginning to be reintroduced into Indiana. In just 20 years after initial reintroduction the population
was at a sustainable level so that regulated modern hunting programs could begin. Conservationism
has been a necessity to the ecology of the United States and many other countries around the world.
The U.S. Forest Service by itself manages 193 million acres of public land nationwide or roughly
8% of the total land in the United States. The management of this land would not be feasible without
the funding hunters provide through licenses, tags, and stamps. The 193 million acres does not
include any public recreational land on the state level. There is 2,260,380 acres of public hunting
land in all the states

Today I am going to talk about the white tailed deer and coyote population across South Carolina.
As you can imagine the white–tailed deer population has decreased and the coyote population has
increased. I think that one day the white–tailed deer will be an almost extinct species and the coyote
will end up being a species that is overpowering the United States of America. This is important
because if the coyote do come overpowering, then mankind population will start decreasing and
only people in bomb shelters will survive but only for a few years.
The coyote will catch the deer and eat them, but mostly for survival as their food but the deer will
mostly eat the grass as prey and survival and the coyotes are the predators. While the white tailed
deer are grazing it is easier for the coyote to catch the white–tailed deer. In the spring the coyotes
will most likely catch the fawn in open feilds where wolves and bears are not. So they would not be
the prey but they are anyway. If the coyotes catch enough deer and savage them, then the deer might
still be there for the winter or for the summer. The white tailed deer are the main prey for the
coyotes because, it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The white tailed deer is one of the most popular deer in South Carolina. This deer can be found in
southern Canada and most of the United States except for Alaska and Hawaii. They are also
herbivores, meaning they feed on only plants. They can grow up to 7.2 feet long and 3.3 feet tall and
a minimum of 3.1 feet long and 2.6 feet tall. Their gestation period is about 201 days. They can run
up to 30 miles per hour and can weigh anywhere between 100 pounds to 150 pounds. Lastly they
can live for around two to three years. But coyote are the predators for the white tailed deer. They
can weigh anywhere from 15 to 46 pounds. They are about 1.9 to 2.2 feet tall. They can run about
43 miles per hour. They are also carnivores which means they feed on meat and

Solving White Tailed Deer With Hunting And Sterilization
Samantha Shields
952673863
ENGL 030 001
Dr. Aaron Mauro
3 December 2014
Solving White–Tailed Deer Overabundance With Hunting and Sterilization In the past few decades,
white–tailed deer populations in North America have increased drastically. Due to some relief in
predation–in correlation with changes in the environment–deer populations in many zones meet or
exceed 10 deer per square kilometer, which is a much higher ratio than in the 1960's and 1970's
(Côté 116). With an overabundance of deer, many problems arise; the diversity and success of
habitats decline, agriculture suffers, more deer–vehicle collisions occur, and quite a few more issues
appear. In order to maintain a healthy number of deer and reduce these issues, deer populations ...
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An abundance of deer initially seems to indicate healthy habitats and flourishing wildlife; however,
overabundance actually leads to severe problems for ecosystems. One of the reasons deer
populations have been able to grow so exponentially is because many forested suburban areas allow
for deer habitats with low risk of predation (Boulanger 174). In correlation with their suburban
living, overpopulated deer end up crossing more roads and highways, posing as more pressing issues
towards automobiles and trains and causing more frequent collisions. Next, and quite obviously,
overabundance creates overcrowding in habitats. Less apparent, however, is the idea that with
increased browsing of new tree seedlings, overpopulated deer decrease species diversity in forests
and reduce tree growth, which leads to a lack of protection from erosion and floods (Côté 117). Deer
also forage selectively, meaning certain species of plant will be eaten more frequently than others,
often resulting in less diversity, ground coverage, and competition between plants (Côté 124). This,
in turn, makes ecosystems less suitable to other species, in particular the foliage. Steeve Côté quotes
Hobbs and Paine, who explain, "By affecting competitive interactions among plants with varying
levels of chemical defenses and by altering successional trajectories, deer alter ecosystem processes
that include energy transfer, soil development, and

White–tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have historical significance throughout the state of Ohio.
Ohio's ancient civilizations relied heavily on white–tailed deer for food, tools, and clothing. Deer
were attracted to the region because of the agricultural practices of Native Americans such as
growing corn and the prevalence of hard mast . The population of white–tailed deer was healthy
prior to European settlement, as predators such as the North American cougar (Puma concolor),
eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), and native americans kept the population under control.
There are an estimated 500,000 white–tailed deer in Ohio, the species can be found in all 88
counties. Populations today are managed by a regulated hunting season. (Hulbert 1910) The
objective of the study is to determine the age, sex, and distinguishing characteristics of white–tailed
deer that are in both areas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The total amount of deer seen on camera one was twenty total. (Fig. 3) Camera one was in a
secluded area of the forest and captured two different bucks. One was believed to be a couple years
old with a small set of antlers while the second buck was much larger both in body and antler size is
believed to be older. The deer varied in size and all stayed within a couple yards from one another.
Both cameras experienced interference from bypassers who noticed that the cameras were there.
DISCUSSION Despite the elusive color of the camera, footage showed what seemed to be curious
Hocking College students approaching the trail camera and repositioning it on the tree. More bike
locks were needed to prevent tampering and to better secure the cameras to the tree. Camera one
was originally placed in an area thought to be further away from human activity and resulted in the
area being more heavily populated with humans than

White Tailed Deer Suicides Analysis
When you think of a mammal who regularly kills humans, the white–tailed deer does not come to
mind. Unfortunately, the white–tailed deer often jumps in front of vehicles, causing more than one
million collisions resulting in over two hundred deaths a year. In James Gorman's article, he
persuaded me that by bringing the eastern cougar back to its original home, the number of deaths
would significantly reduce. He explains both the benefits and downsides of cougars returning to
their natural habitat.
As a new driver, I am constantly worried of hitting other objects such as cars, mailboxes, and
animals. When deer jump out from the side of the road, I worry that they may cause deadly
accidents. Gorman's article interested me because if there is

Why Hunting Should Be For Providing Food And Resources As...
Oh Deer There are multiple and personal ways to look at hunting, such as a way to provide life or
even a sport. There are also different tactics in hunting, such as high fence, low fence, endangered,
poaching and etc. Ethically I believe the means of hunting should purposely be for providing food
and resources as needed. "More than 38 million Americans hunt and fish," as stated by nhfday.org.
These statistics were in 2012 and records have concluded that the numbers have increased since then
making hunting a higher demand. I believe as a hunter you should have a purpose for killing an
animal. For example, many hunt for the meat, but you can utilize the rest of the animal for different
resources, like bones or antlers being made into knives. Responsible hunters should be defined as
respectful to natural resources because hunting provides a way of life and population control.
Surveys are taken across the United States in various ways. In Texas we have multiple ways in how
we calculate the white tailed deer population. Right now, our current ratio of doe's to bucks is 10:1.
We are overpopulated in both genders, but mainly in doe's which is why were limited on how many
bucks we are allowed to kill per season. For the hunting season of 2015–2016, you were allowed to
kill 5 white tailed deer in total; only 3 are allowed to be bucks or antlerless while the remaining 2
are strictly antlerless deer. Texas harvests the largest amount of white tailed deer in the country

White Tailed Deer History
When the white–tailed deer show up in my backyard, it's like witnessing a direct link to an age
almost forgotten. I freeze in my tracks, and I can't help but think about their unbroken chain of
ancestors going back into the ancient past. These animals were here long before any settlers arrived
from Europe. They were the hunted long before rifles replaced bows and arrows. They knew these
lands when the waters were still clean and the air was still fresh. They knew these lands when there
were no cars and no railroads. They were here before horses were brought to this continent from
Europe. In their majestic silence, the deer have witnessed footpaths become trails, trails become
roads, and roads become interstates. Their resilience is remarkable. ... Show more content on
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Though the land had been Chickasaw territory since time immemorial, they did not create
permanent settlements here. Instead, they used these lands for hunting. The Chickasaw people were
connected closely with the elements and lived close to the land. Because they respected nature and
took no more than they needed, both humans and animals thrived in this region. Each year when the
leaves began to turn yellow, men came here to hunt for the meats and animal skins their people
would need for winter. The rest of the time, these lands belonged to nature. Birds made nests, foxes
napped in dens, and deer rested in tall grasses. When it was not hunting season, the animals were
free to live as they had since the dawn of

Persuasive Essay On White Tailed Deer
At the Wildlife Leadership Academy in high school, we discussed white tailed deer ecology and
conservation. While deer are overpopulated and regulated and focused hunting is beneficial for our
forest ecosystems, the issue is highly contested by many different groups with opposing views.
From a scientific standpoint, hunting is necessary to keep deer populations in check, and this can be
done most effectively by hunting female deer. Therefore, conservation–minded groups support the
increased issuance of antlerless deer licenses and decrease in antlered deer licenses. This way, most
hunters must kill females, and the populations reduce quickly. This would be an easy and simple
solution to the problem of deer overpopulation, but the opposing sides don't have the same priorities
as the conservationists.
Hunters want to hunt as many deer with the biggest antlers possible, so some hunting groups support
the increased issuance of antlered deer licenses. There is an aspect of cultural dislike for killing
does, which are perceived by some as a less valuable kill. Hunting groups that are accustomed to the
state of deer overpopulation that has troubled this area for so long even ask that the government
supply stocked deer to areas where they used to see more deer.
There are also animal–rights activists who have fundamental issues with the concept of
"consumptive" outdoor recreation. Groups like PETA oppose the issuance of hunting licenses at all,
and attack the morals of

Sharpshooting Research Paper
The forest at Valley Forge National Historical Park has been over populated by White–Tailed Deer.
With the Birth–rate being higher that its Death–rate the population has been rapidly growing for
decades. Since there's not enough food in the forest to feed whole population, the deer start to move
closer to where humans live and eat farm crops, garden vegetables, shrubs, and even trees. This also
causes an increase in automobile accidents as a result of more deer wandering near roads. This
overpopulation also means an expansion in the spread of disease because the deer carry ticks and
since there more deer, there more ticks.
A possible solution is sharpshooting. Some people may disagree with this saying that it's an
unnatural death. However

Chronic Dating Disease
The recent discovery of Chronic Wasting Disease positively identified in an animal found on a
Wisconsin deer hunting ranch, specialists are beginning to realize the importance of the live Chronic
Wasting Disease test. This forces tests to be done randomly throughout the calendar year in every
area within miles of a previously infected area. However, this will cost a lot more money than what
is put into the funds for researching CWD as of today.
The money put into researching CWD is already very expensive, but who is paying for this funding?
Looking back from March 3, 2010, there is close to 285 cases of CWD in just the state of Illinois
that have been documented since November of 2002 (Bucknut, 2010). This leaves little to no doubt
to everyone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most were wildlife biologists and technicians employed by DNR. The reason so many people were
introduced to the study of Chronic Wasting Disease was because of the increase is amount of
regions impacted by Chronic Wasting Disease. Once is it well established in an area, Chronic
Wasting Disease is impossible to eradicate (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2013).
Instead, most states focus on limiting the spread of the disease and preventing its introduction into
new areas. Missouri is smartly proposing restricting deer breeding facilities and captive hunting
preserves as a first step toward containing the disease (Missouri Department of Natural Resources,
2014). According to the Missouri Game & Fish Department the harder questions involve managing
Chronic Wasting Disease in wild, free–ranging

White Tailed Deer Essay
Hemorrhagic Disease of White–Tailed Deer is a phrase that describes an infection of either
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) and/or Blue Tongue Disease (BT). These two diseases are
clinically and molecularly very similar. Since the symptoms of both diseases are indistinguishable
molecular testing is needed to specifically identify these viruses. Both viruses are spread by biting
midges in the Culcoides genus which is found in a majority of the US. Historically, there have been
large outbreaks in the US and all over the world which has lead to economic losses of various
degrees. With current expansion of these diseases vector, a lack of monitoring, and gap of
knowledge about these diseases it is only a matter of time before a catastrophic ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that the viruses are not combated in any way, because the vectors are not active during
the cold months of the year. The cold temperature is also a limiting factor of the geographic regions
of where these diseases are found. In the US the primary vector is Culcoides sonorensis. Although
other species of the Culcoides genus are known to be able to transmit these viruses this specific
species is the most prominent. Cold weather associated with the distribution of the disease also
contributes to its impact on wildlife. These late summer and early winter months are vital for deer.
This is generally when female deer give birth in the summer and breed in the early winter. Currently
there is no plan for vector control. The change in land cover has been shown to increase habitat for
these vectors. Evaluating habitat for vectors is vital in identifying sources for monitoring of the
diseases. (2) Change in land cover is associated with urbanization and climate change (5) and
current practices of habitat restoration include making very biological diverse habitats which are
promote these vectors and increase exposure to these wild

White Tailed Deer And Gray Squirrel Psychology
When it comes to both white–tailed deer & gray squirrels it is important to understand their behavior
during all of the seasons. For both of these species they remain active year–round, which is helpful
when managing for them. The season that both white–tailed deer & gray squirrels are hunted is
during the fall. Since they are both hunted during the same season, more management techniques are
required to ensure the population stays at a healthy abundance.
Deer are normally browsing on similar food throughout the seasons, but it depends if the food is
available. During majority of the seasons white–tailed deer are getting food from hard mast, these
hard mast consists of acorns, beech nuts, and hickory nuts. Since their diet mainly consists of

Hunting Helps the Environment Essay
It is early in the morning; the majestic Elk bugles in the distance. The sun is kissing the tops of the
peaks with the most beautiful gold, and painting the clouds rose red. The men and women who
enjoy the outdoors whether it is hunting or just hiking help make these types of moments possible.
Hunting and the ecosystem is tied closely to conservation of land and animals. The articles of
"Hunting and the ecosystem" written by the South Dakota Game Fish and Parks Department
(SDGFP), and "Facts and statistics on wildlife conservation" written by Roger Holmes, director of
the Fish and Wildlife, touch on how hunting is important in the environment to keep a good balance
in the ecosystem. They also point out how hunters do more than any other ... Show more content on
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"Hunting and ecosystem–based management is the smartest and most cost–effective way to manage
our wildlife. The basic idea of ecosystem–based management is that you manage ecosystems rather
than specific species or disciplines." For example "you do not mange pheasants as much as you
manage the ecosystem in which the pheasants live. If the ecosystem is improved, it will produce
more pheasants naturally."(1)
Hunting and hunters are the biggest advocates for conservation. They also provide for the most
finical aid of any other organization that says they sponsor the environment and wildlife. (SDGFP)
(2). Such organizations are PETA and SEIRRA. These clubs think they help the animals and the
environment because they do not kill them, but they actually do more damage. Their goal is to save
the animals and keep the woods from being touched. They hardly give any money to the
conservation groups. The reason the ecosystems have to use conservation is because we have to
much human interaction with the environment, as Roger Holmes touches on in his article. Like in
small communities there is a lot more wildlife human interaction because the expanding nation. The
PETA and SEIRRA clubs have also done nothing for the growth of the animal populations. The
hunters have given new life to many species such as; White–Tailed Deer, Canadian goose, Rocky
Mountain Elk, Wild Turkey, Pronghorn Antelope, and many others.
The

The White Tailed Deer Behavior
White–tailed Deer Behavior
Investigating the behavior of animals is essential to understanding the implications for why an
animal may do things the way they do. It helps shine some light on a subject that is not heavily
researched and give us a better understanding of the feeding behavior, reproductive patterns,
seasonal movement and communication between other animals. As boring or bland as animal
observation may be it gives us an increased outlook on the many reasons for an animal's demeanor. I
got the opportunity to observe and analyze White–tailed Deer in their natural habitat and get a better
understanding for that of their various behaviors. White–tails in general have interesting behavioural
characteristics that define them as a species and enable their survival in the wild.
Food is an essential part of the survival of a species from one generation to the next carrying over
good genes or genes of malnutrition, famine and death. Throughout this project, I was able to
observe some interesting feeding behavior carried out by that of White–tailed Deer. For example,
after analyzing my observations, I came to the conclusion that White–tails eat a variety of foods
from various fruits, grasses, twigs, sedges and aquatic plants. On August twenty third, day one of
observation, I as well saw a spike buck consume various mushrooms and that astonished me. Due to
mushrooms being toxic and in many cases poisonous, I was just surprised to see White–tails
consume them as a part of

Over the years, we have been dealing with the animal rights issue. Other living things have every
right to have an equal opportunity to live. As society's technology and the environment develops,
humans have been taking over animals' land. Our population continues to grow. We do need more of
everything. But the same goes for the animals. That's the circle of life. The generations will keep
increasing and reproducing species. One just cannot take over the other. Everything has to be
balanced. That is life. Over population of deer is a result of human–created development. Humans
buy up land, develop it, and build homes, roads, shopping centers, etc. Then, they expect the wildlife
to scatter to new habitats. People that complain about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Too many deer this season brings too many predators next season. When the United States expanded
into the wilderness, predators of the deer population were forced out of the area. Wolfs were hunted
for furs and protection. With the wolf population in the US as low as it is, it falls on the people to
control the population to avoid overgrazing. Overgrazing produces a threat to multiple species in the
area of overpopulation. People need to control the number of the deer to balance the ecosystem.
Overpopulation of deer would cause overpopulation of the predators by providing more food. That
is how the food chain system works for the animals. If there are less deer, the predators will run out
of food and eventually they will die out and decrease the number of their

White Tailed Deer Article Summary
In the journal article "White–Tailed Deer as Keystone Species within Forest Habitats of Virginia"
the authors, William J. McShea and John H. Rappole, go in–depth to how white–tailed Deer affect
the abundance and distribution of vertebrate species in Virginia. The authors hypothesized that
White–Tailed Deer influence the arrangement of winged creatures and warm blooded animals
indirectly through changing of the natural surroundings and specifically through the utilization of
shared nourishment sorts. The authors tested this hypothesis by testing four different areas in
Virginia within the Shenandoah National Park, the National Zoo's Conservation and the Research
Center in Front Royal. In these areas, a collector, which had a mast collector,

What Is The Temperate Forest Biome?
The temperate forest is characterized by a climate with high levels of precipitation and humidity,
thick soil, deciduous, leaf shedding trees and four different seasons. These elements support a wide
variety of plants, animals and resources that permit life to flourish and thrive. The temperate forest
biome is located throughout the planet including parts of North America, Europe and Asia.
The temperate forest's abiotic factors of weather and temperature are distinct. These forests
experience mild summers and winters with temperatures varying from –30° C to 30° C. Because of
seasons of winter, spring, summer and fall, precipitation occurs primarily in the form of rainfall and
snow of 75–150 cm annually. Temperate forests are the world's ... Show more content on
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Since it is so thick, it holds the ground together, protecting it from erosion. The moss is home to
many types of bugs such as spiders and ants and supplies food to the animals' dependent upon
insects for food. Carpet moss can produce sexually or asexually depending on where it is present.
They make sporophyte that are stalks that grow from the female plant in sexual reproduction. The
capsule on the end of the stalks then produces spores that release into the air to grow more moss.
They produce asexually when the moss is split into multiple parts. The method of reproduction moss
uses demonstrates how it has adapted to its environment. The abundance of spores moss releases
shows that it has adapted to be very prolific, and spread

Summary Of Trophic Cascades In A Great Lakes Forest
The Summary of Trophic Cascades in a Great Lakes Forest This investigative study included
whether gray wolves, a natural top predator to white tailed deer, create a trophic effect by reducing
the deer and how it may affect saplings and vegetation in the Great Lakes forest area. The study was
not conducted for direct kills, instead it was done to see the effects of the deer population and the
plant and vegetation systems surrounding them. The expected effects were that in areas where
wolves are less dense in the region it causes an increase of deer having a negative impact on plants
and vegetation in the surrounding area. The recolonization of wolves in the area is generating trait–
meditated effects in the Great Lakes forest and are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scat surveys of the area were conducted to support the collar information. Other information such as
droppings, siting's, and tracks were also recorded and grouped with the surveys. Motion activated
and infrared cameras were used to monitor deer activity in the areas of high or low wolf presence.
Three images per trigger of each camera was taken. This information was gathered over a three–
week period during deer season in June–August. The information recorded was compared with other
studies including a trophic cascades study in the Rocky Mountains area. The results showed
differences in deer presence (in either high or low areas) in correlation with wolf presence, resulting
in impacts of plant and vegetation density in the areas. High wolf areas contained larger saplings and
vegetation diversity and comparisons of deer presence in low wolf presence areas had negative
impacts on sapling growth. Put together, the results suggest that wolves have a substantial effect on
white tailed deer and a positive impact on sapling and vegetation growth in the Great Lakes forest
area. These results supported previous research that wolves have density and/or trait meditated
effects on white tailed deer. They also provide experimental and manipulated support for previous
experiments suggesting that wolves generate trophic cascades affecting sapling and vegetation
growth in various regions, as well as the Great Lakes forest area. The

Investigating The Behavior Of Animals
Investigating the behavior of animals is essential to understanding the implications for why an
animal may do things the way they do. It helps shine some light on a subject that is not heavily
researched and give us a better understanding of the feeding behavior, reproductive patterns,
seasonal movement and communication between other animals. As boring or bland as animal
observation may be it gives us an increased outlook on the many reasons for an animal's demeanor. I
got the opportunity to observe and analyze White–tailed Deer in their natural habitat and get a better
understanding for that of their various behaviors. White–tails in general have interesting behavioural
characteristics that define them as a species and enable their survival in the wild.
Food is an essential part of the survival of a species from one generation to the next carrying over
good genes or genes of malnutrition, famine and death. Throughout this project, I was able to
observe some interesting feeding behavior carried out by that of White–tailed Deer. For example,
after analyzing my observations, I came to the conclusion that White–tails eat a variety of foods
from various fruits, grasses, twigs, sedges and aquatic plants. On August twenty third, day one of
observation, I as well saw a spike buck consume various mushrooms and that astonished me. Due to
mushrooms being toxic and are in many instances poisonous, I was just surprised to see White–tails
consume them as a part of their diet.

Write An Essay On White Tailed Deer
7. Van der Hoek D, Knapp AK, Briggs JM, and Bokdam J. 2002. White–tailed deer browsing on six
shrub species of tallgrass prairie Great Plains Res 1:141. White–tailed deer have made a tremendous
impact on native plant species and endangered ecosystems such as the tallgrass prairie. The purpose
of this article is to show how increasing deer populations effect the native shrubs in the Great Plains.
In this paper, researchers assessed six shrub species on deer activity in the summer time. Plant
species and deer trail placement had strong effects on the amount of shrub cover and browse pattern.
Researchers found that shrub cover was higher around deer trails than off or away from deer trails.
The data suggests that the shrub species most likely impacted by white–tailed deer browsing were
woody plant species, or small trees and shrubs. The results suggest that even in summer when deer
tend also to feed and browse in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It examines the how browsers can encourage positive conditions for temperate forest soils, such as
providing extra nitrogen in the soils as a fertilizer. They found evidence that deer populations
promote plant species biodiversity because it promotes invasive species that thrive off of
degradation and habitat disturbance. Also, researchers found one cost about deer browsing was that
even though it promotes plant biodiversity, it also decrease the amount of palatable, or edible, plant
species. This is useful in my paper because it provides a different outlook of the effects of deer
because most articles are negative towards deer browsing. The authors of this paper all work for the
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service as research ecologists, all have their
doctorates in ecology and/or biology. This finding sharply contrasts with the negative impact that
deer have when their populations kill and over browse, harming native plant

Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem
Ivy Thomas
8th Grade
Mr. Stevenson
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical rainforests are among the most threatened ecosystems due to large scale as a result of
human activity. Habitat fragmentation caused by geological processes such as volcanism and
climate change occurred in the past, and have been identified as important drivers . However, fast
human driven habitat destruction is suspected to be one of the major causes of species.Tropical rain
forests have been subjected to heavy logging and agricultural clearance throughout the 20th century,
and the area covered by rainforests around the world is shrinking.
Tropical rainforests exhibit high levels. Around 40% to 75% of all biotic species are to the
rainforests. Rainforests are home ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Yucatan white–tailed deer is reddish–tan in color, with gray along its chest and white on its
throat, inner thighs, abdomen, and underside of its tail. When threatened, they flip their white tail
straight up to signal danger to others. The Yukon white–tailed deer is smaller than its North
American relatives –– just three feet tall, 4.5 feet long, and weighing just 70 – 80 pounds –– yet it is
considered a relatively large mammal. It has long legs, a long flat back, and a long, narrow head. All
white–tailed deer are known to be excellent runners, jumpers, and even swimmers. Males, called
"bucks," have curved, branched antlers that are shed each year. They use these antlers to attract
mates, mark their territory and sometimes to fight or defend their territory against other males.
About six months after mating, the female deer, called a "doe," will have 1 – 3 offspring known as
fawns. The fawns are reddish–brown at birth, and are covered with white spots to help camouflage
them from predators. Female fawns may stay with their mother for up to two years, but males
usually depart after about one year.
There habitat are 38 subspecies of white–tailed deer residing throughout Central, North and South
America. Their range extends from northern South America all the way up to southern Canada.
White–tailed deer live

White Tail Deer Research Paper
Habitat
The White–tail deer can often be found all over southern Canada and most parts of the United
States. Their range extends throughout Central America to Bolivia. This sophisticated animal's
habitat range is usually less than a square mile. Some of the White–tail deer's habitats include
grasslands, prairies and plains, mountains, and forests. These deer prefer a more sheltered habitat;
they often reside in forests, including hardwoods, coniferous, and tropical forests. However they
may reside in forests such as tropical forests for a more sheltered habitat. The White–tale deer can
adapt to their many habitats and they have incredibly strong muscles in their leg that allow them to
run up to speeds such as 30 miles per hour! This is quite an advantage when it comes to running
from predators. The White–tail deer has quite simple needs for a healthy life. Shelter from harmful
weather or predators, food and water, and the space to find food and water, and to attract a mate.
White Tailed Deer Fun facts!
It is able to make vertical leaps over two and a half metres and horizontal leaps of nine metres
They can run at speeds up to 58 miles per hour
They are the most common large mammals in North America
They use their tail to communicate with other deer
Since the Deers eyes are on the side of its head it has a 310 degree vision without moving ... Show
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They do this to adapt to the colour of the current season they are in. This can benefit in many ways
such as camouflage or hide from predators. The White–tails deer is an important part of the
environment as it is a good food source for bobcats, panthers, and coyotes. Another extremely
important role in the environment they play is eating invasive plant species since they are
herbivores. If the White–tail deer was to be taken out of the ecosystem, a lot of these plants would
invade or

Chronic Wasting Disease
Chronic wasting disease has been around for more than 60 years and has been destroying the deer
and elk population in 23 US states. It is shutting down hunting in some states in United States and
limiting it in other states. The Department of Natural Resources needs to the help the deer and elk
population out by shutting down feeding and hunting. Chronic wasting disease is a transmissible
spongiform encephalopathy of mule deer, white tailed deer, and moose. In 1967 chronic wasting
disease was discovered in northern Colorado. The Colorado Division of wildlife at Foothills
Wildlife Research Facility in Fort Collins, Colorado, was the first to look at the disease and identify
it. Chronic wasting disease has spread across 23 US states and ... Show more content on
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In addition to the cervid species in which chronic waste disease can occur in wide variety of other
animals. These other animals include monkeys, sheep, cattle, prairie voles, mice, and ferrets.
Environmental transmission has been linked to contact with infected bodily fluids and tissues. Once
the prions are in the environment chronic waste disease prions may remain infectious for many
years. Thus, Decomposition of the disease carcasses, infected gut piles left by hunter, as well as
urine, saliva, feces, and antler velvet of infected individuals that are deposited in the environment.
There is an avian scavenger; the American crow could potentially be a vector for chronic waste
disease. The chronic waste disease prions with still remain after passing through the bird's digestive
tract; cows represent a possible mechanism for the creation of environmental resources. There are
some similar mammalian predators and scavengers, including wolves, mountain lions, coyotes,
raccoons, and opossums could play a role in the dispersal of chronic waste disease prions in the
environment. There is study on coyotes that excrete chronic waste disease prions currently

White Tailed Deer
It can be believed that there is a smaller abundance of Odocoileus virginianus (White Tailed Deer)
than Sciurus carolinensis (Grey Squirrels) around Alfred University. According to the History of
White Tailed Deer in New York (Brown, 1956), there is the possibility that hunting regulations keep
many of these White Tailed Deer safe compared to the lack of hunting regulations on squirrels. A
different article (Ward, 1999) which discusses the effect of poisoning on wildlife in the state of New
York. Within New York's Wildlife Resources (Goff, 1982), the habitat and reproductive habits of
Grey Squirrels. This allows for the connection to be made of whether Alfred maintains the habitat
that Grey Squirrels need. As well as in the Encyclopedia of ... Show more content on
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In 1912 when the "buck law" went into effect it was set to increase the number of deer as well as
limit the abundance of deer to prey on other organisms. This was not as simple as thought, many
were illegally killed leaving many newborns to starve during the winter. (Brown, 1956). Hunting
soon began to be open during certain date ranges during the season to allow more regulation on
hunting of the White tailed deer. (Brown, 1956). These deer prefer matured forests with practically
no undergrowth (Brown, 1956) which brings them to the same place, around Alfred, New York.
Although it may seem that there are more deer, the regulations help, but the deer don't reproduce as
many, squirrels reproduce 2–4 per litter twice a year (Frankis).
Wildlife, for the most part, is out on its own having to rummage and scour the woodlands or their
habitats for food. While looking for food it can be dangerous, poisoning of wildlife occurs all the
time. It has been found that Anticoagulant Rodenticides are commonly used in New York and this
cause many mammals to be poisoned. Of all the animals that are poisoned, the White Tailed Deer
and the Grey Squirrel are the most common. Through the use of brodifacoum in pesticides, this
appears to limit the amount of squirrels and deer in surrounding areas where most pesticides
containing brodifacoum are used. (Ward,

The Controversies Of Deer Picking Blackberries
Deer pick blackberries carefully from their bushes with practice ease. Birds pick the fruit and nibble
at it with their beaks. When it has been released from the bush. Rodents such as, squirrels, mice,
opossums and even chipmunks love to eat the dark purple fruit. Mice tend to stand on their hind legs
and nibble the fruit to avoid its thorns. Larger animals such as foxes, skunks and rabbits love to eat
blackberries as well. Once again deer (White tailed deer) enjoy grazing on clovers. In fact, White
tailed deer love clovers so much it is in some deer feed. It takes up a large majority of the
ingredients as well. Other animals like the Cotton tail rabbi, Red foxes, Woodchucks, Marmots and
groundhogs eat clovers as well. Clovers are great

Physical description of:
Organism:
Columbian White–tailed deer are distinguishable because they have a long black tail on the outside,
and the male's antlers point all rise from the one main beam. The Columbian white–tail is one of the
large subspecies with "antlers narrowly spreading and curving steeply upward" Columbian white–
tailed deer's diets consist of young willow, cottonwood, alder and other deciduous trees in
riverbanks and the surrounding area. This is where they can usually be found. Male Columbian
white–tailed deer are bigger than females, they have large antlers and they shed them every winter
and regrow them in spring. Both sexes have a white underneath their tail which is why they got the
name.
Habitat: Willow, cottonwood and alder thickets along stream sides. Riverside thickets ... Show more
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The reason for decline: In 1968, the CWTD population dropped to less than 1,000. This was caused
because of agricultural and logging activities. In addition to that, development of homes and
commercial areas had an unfavorable impact on the ecosystem which the deer were dependant on. In
addition, there was no restriction on the hunting of the deer.
Current conservations being done to save this organism:
In 1967, Columbian White–tailed deer (CWTD) were one of the first species protected along with
the California condor, bald eagle, grizzly bear, and Florida panther in hopes of preventing their
extinction. They were listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Preservation Act. At that
time, their range had shrunk from about 13 million acres to around 350,000 acres. Through a lot of
effort in relocating the deer and expanding their habitats and taking set measure, the CWTD has
doubled its numbers. Hence why they are no longer an endangered

Deciduous Forest
There are many different types of plants and animals in the deciduous forest. This vegetation
region's temperature changes often due to its location, so animals or vegetation that live here have to
be able to withstand various temperature ranges. The deciduous forest is home to the white–tailed
deer and the white birch tree. To ensure survival in the deciduous forest, the white birch tree and the
white–tailed deer must be well adapted to their environment. The Odocoileus virginianus,
commonly known as the white–tailed deer, has many characteristics that help it survive in the
deciduous forest. This deer is found in the chordata phylum and is a vertebrate. In order for it to
keep a stable diet of woody plants, such as evergreen trees and ... Show more content on
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In the winter while the leaves are busy blowing off of the trees, scar tissues begin to form to prevent
water loss. The white birch tree has to be able to receive sunlight and because of this need, this tree
has to be capable of grows tall. Vascular is what this plant has to help it achieve this goal. After the
plant receives its needed sunlight, the plant transforms the energy it receives and turns it into energy
it can use. All in a process called photosynthesis. In addition, the white birch tree produces seeds.
Which then, the seeds disperse along the ground by the wind, leaving the seeds open to receiving
nutrients from the soil. Lastly, the seeds sprouts and grow new trees. Though this tree has many
adaptations to help it live, there are things that will do the exact opposite. For example peeling off
too much of the tree's bark can, in fact, kill the tree. To sum up, the white birch tree wouldn't last a
day without its adaptations there to help. Many organisms have found ways to survive in the
deciduous forest. Both the white–tailed deer and the white birch tree are able to tolerate drastic
temperature changes that occur in the deciduous forest. However, each achieves that goal in
different ways, such as the white–tailed deer has to be able to find food where as the white birch tree
has to be able to obtain sunlight. The white–tailed deer and the white birch tree have many
adaptations to maintain

How White Tailed Deer Affect Native And Invasive Plant...
How White–tailed Deer Effect Native and Invasive Plant Species Populations in the Eastern United
States.
Introduction
Whitetail deer have come to be known as a keystone species, species known for affecting other
organisms in an ecosystem. Deer are known as a keystone species in forest habitats such as in the
Eastern United States because they are capable of destroying potential forest habitat of other
organisms (McShea and Rappole, 1992). For example, deer have a negative impact on forest
ecosystems by trampling and over browsing over vegetation, without creating any habitat for other
native species. Throughout the eastern United States, the abundance of white–tailed deer
(Odocoileus virginianus) has increased dramatically over the last century (Taggart and Long, 2015).
Population increases could be due to increased habitat fragmentation from land development,
reduced predators and/or hunting pressure. Individual deer ranges varied during seasonal times, deer
movements are usually greatest during the peak breeding months from late fall through winter
(Williams et. al, 2012). Regardless of the cause, high deer densities can have significant effects on
plant communities such as plant decay and/or even death. Deer consume a large amounts of plant
biomass (leaves, buds, flowers and fruits) and directly reduce the growth, reproduction, and survival
of herbaceous and woody plant species (Shen et. al, 2016). The impacts of white–tailed deer on
forests along the Eastern United

Summarizing In White Tailed Deer
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing In White–Tailed Deer Habitat Ecology and Management
on Rangelands, written by Timothy Edward Fulbright & J. Alfonso Ortega–S. The habitat
Requirements of white–tailed deer are not complex requirements. "The basic habitat requirements of
white–tailed deer are food, cover, space, and water."(3) With this book the Authors are bringing
awareness to anyone who reads it. However, "Our target audience includes landowners who want to
improve deer habitat; range, wildlife, and other natural resource managers."(3) According to the
authors anyone can really help take care of the White–Tailed deer. As described in the book and
further in my Research Essay deer play an important role in the ecosystem. Keeping and

Parasite-Host Relationships
Organisms in an ecosystem have relationships with individuals of their own species, individuals of
different species, and non–living resources. A group of different species living within an ecosystem
is called a community. The relationships within a community of organisms can be grouped into
different types of interactions, including predator–prey relationships and symbiotic relationships.
An animal that hunts and eats other animals is called a predator. The animal that gets eaten is called
a prey animal. Predator–prey relationships involve both adaptations of the predator to catch the prey
and adaptations of the prey to avoid the predator. Population sizes are also connected to this
relationship. When a prey population changes, the predator ... Show more content on
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These are relationships in which individuals live close to each other for extended periods of time.
In a parasite–host relationship, one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism.
Typically, the host organism is not killed by the parasite. A tick attaching itself to a deer is an
example of a parasite–host relationship. The tick is the parasite, and the deer is the host.
In symbiotic mutualism, the two organisms benefit each other. A good example is the relationship
between some ants and acacia trees. Acacia trees have large thorns that the ants can hollow out and
live inside. The trees also excrete sweet nectar that feeds the resident ants. In return, the ants benefit
the acacia tree by attacking any insects that attempt to eat the tree.
Commensalism refers to a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not
significantly affected. The relationship between cattle and birds called cattle egrets is a good
example of commensalism. As cattle graze in grasslands, they disturb many insects that hide among
the grasses. Egrets follow the cattle and eat the insects that are disturbed by the grazing cattle. The
egrets benefit, but the cattle are not significantly affected by this

Catoctin Mountain Review Essay
Introduction:
The National Park Service (NPS) and the U. S. Department of the Interior (USDI) drafted the
Catoctin Mountain National Park Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
(2006) to impart knowledge of a need for action to facilitate the regeneration of vegetation and
reforestation of the park. A population of white–tailed deer that was exceeding an estimated 100
individual animals per square mile was over browsing the vegetation. According to the EIS a
population of 15 to 20 individuals is optimal to protect herd health and allow regeneration of the
vegetation. The EIS listed four alternatives that were investigated in depth according to the National
Environmental Protection Act requirements (FHWA, n.d.) these ... Show more content on
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This alternative would reach the goals through the length of the plan. The reduction in deer
population would not be rapid and regeneration would be seen mostly in the exclusions until the
population had diminished and the plan cost is over $9.5 million. The preferred alternative,
alternative C was comprised of the continuation of alternative A with the use of sharpshooting and
the subduing and euthanization of deer to rapidly reduce the population to the goal range in three
years. Through this alternative the goals would be meet in a relatively short time frame at a cost
between $738,600 and $941,100. The final alternative, alternative D also continued alternative A
with the combination of sharpshooting, euthanization, and reproduction control. Alternative D
would meet the goals of the plan in a similar time frame as alternative C with a cost of between $1.4
and $1.6 million.
Rejected alternatives:
Several alternatives were rejected for various reasons. The first rejected alternative was a managed
hunt, for the need of legislation change in congress to allow a hunt on NPS land and possible cost
and safety issues. A second was sterilization of bucks, which would only show moderate control of
the population if the dominant buck were sterilized. Predator reintroduction was next rejected,
because studies have shown that predators have not shown consistent

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