AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM

AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM
A Project Submitted
By
1. Delowar, Chowdhury Salahuddin ID: 13-23737-1
2. Bashar, Md. Habibul ID: 13-23085-1
3. Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar ID: 13-23893-1
4. Hossain, A.S.M Toufiq ID: 13-22828-1
Under the Supervision of
Nabila Hossain
Assistant Professor
American International University - Bangladesh
Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Summer Semester 2015-2016,
August, 2016

AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM
A project submitted to the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of the Engineering Faculty,
American International University - Bangladesh (AIUB) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
1. Delowar, Chowdhury Salahuddin ID: 13-23737-1
3. Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar ID: 13-23893-1
Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Summer Semester 2015-2016,
August, 2016

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) i
DECLARATION
This is to certify that this project is our original work. No part of this work has been submitted elsewhere
partially or fully for the award of any other degree or diploma. Any material reproduced in this project has
been properly acknowledged.
Students’ names & Signatures
1. Delowar, Chowdhury Salahuddin Bin
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. Bashar, Md. Habibul
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. Hossain, A.S.M Toufiq
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) ii
APPROVAL
The Project titled “Automatic Irrigation System” has been submitted to the following respected
members of the Board of Examiners of the Faculty of Engineering in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical and Electronic Engineering on August, 2016 by
the following students and has been accepted as satisfactory.
1. Delowar, Chowdhury Salahuddin Bin ID: 13-23737-1
3. Siddique, Md. Abu bakar ID: 13-23893-1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Supervisor
Nabila Hossain
Choose anitem.
American International University-
Bangladesh
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Prof. Dr. ABM Siddique Hossain
Dean
Bangladesh
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
External Supervisor
Zeenat Afroze
Assistant Professor
Bangladesh
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Dr. Carmen Z. Lamagna
Vice Chancellor
Bangladesh

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, we would like to take this opportunity to thank our institution, American International University-
Bangladesh for allowing us to start this project.
We also would like to thank to our supervisor Ms. Nabila Hossain, Assistant professor, Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Faculty of Engineering, American International University –
Bangladesh, who has helped us along the process of completing the project. We have taken efforts in this
project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of her.
A special thanks to our respected external supervisor, Ms. Zeenat Afroze, Assistant professor,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Faculty of Engineering, American
International University -Bangladesh, whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped us
to coordinate our project especially in writing this report.
We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to our respected dean Dr. A.B.M Siddique
Hossain and our honorable vice chancellor Dr.Carmen Z. Lamagna for giving us permission to work on
this topic.
Finally, thanks to our family the opportunity that they have given us to study in this institution and my
friends who have helped us
1. Delowar, Chowdhury Salahuddin Bin
2. Bashar, Md. Habibul
3. Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar
4. Hossain, A.S.M Toufiq

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................I
APPROVAL..............................................................................................................................................II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................................III
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................................VI
CHAPTER 1.....................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Historical Background ................................................................................................................1
1.2.1. Earlier Research........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2.2. Recent Research........................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.3. State of the art technology.......................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Future Scope of This Study ........................................................................................................3
1.4. Limitationsof the study…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...3
1.5. Advantage over Traditional Method...........................................................................................3
1.6. Objective of this Work................................................................................................................3
1.6.1. Primary objectives ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.6.2. Secondary Objectives................................................................................................................. 4
1.7. Introduction to this Thesis ..........................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................................5
COMPONENTS AND ALGORITHMS................................................................................................................5
2.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................5
2.2. Components ................................................................................................................................5
2.2.1. Controller...................................................................................................................................5
2.2.2. GSM Module ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.3. Relay........................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.4. Soil Moisture Sensor………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………8
2.2.5. LCD Screen.............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.6. Battery...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.7 Water pump ..............................................................................................................................10
2.2.8.Solar module ................................................................................................................................11
2.2.9. Buck converter.........................................................................................................................11
2.2.10.Other components...................................................................................................................12
2.3. Algorithm Platform...................................................................................................................13
2.4. Flow Chart ................................................................................................................................14
2.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 3 ...............................................................................................................................................15
DESIGN, SIMULATION AND SOFTWARE HARDWARE INTEGRATION...........................................................15
3.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................15
3.2. Electrical Design.......................................................................................................................15
3.2.1. Block diagram..........................................................................................................................15
3.2.2. Controller unit..........................................................................................................................16

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) v
3.3.3.Power unit ..............................................................................................................................19
3.2.4. GSM Unit……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….19
3.3. Summary...................................................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 4 ...............................................................................................................................................23
IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................................................23
4.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................23
4.2. Implementation.........................................................................................................................23
4.3. Summary...................................................................................................................................28
CHAPTER 5 ...............................................................................................................................................29
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................30
5.1. Discussions ...............................................................................................................................30
5.2. Suggestion for future Work ......................................................................................................32
5.2.1. Future Enhancement.................................................................................................................32
5.2.2. Application and scope...............................................................................................................32
5.3. Conclusions...............................................................................................................................33
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................................34
APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................................36
DATASHEET OF THE CHIPS USED IN THE CIRCUIT ......................................................................................37

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Atmega8 Microcontroller and its pin diagram ………………………………………...5
Figure 2.2: SIM900A GSM Modem and its pin diagram …………………………..………….....6
Figure 2.3: Sonole SRU-05VDC – SL-C power Relay ………………………………………......7
Figure 2.4: Soil moisture sensor module …………………………………………………….…...8
Figure 2.5: 16*2 LCD display ………………………………………………………...…..……....9
Figure 2.6: Lead Acid Battery ………………………………………………………….....……. 10
Figure 2.7: Water pump……………………………………........................................................ 10
Figure2.8: Solar Module ………..……………………………………………………...……..…11
Figure 2.9: Flow chart of whole system …………………………………….………….………..14
Figure 3.1 Block Diagram for automatic irrigation system ……………………...……....…..….16
Figure 3.2 Motor is on state using two sensor voltage over threshold voltage …..…...….……...17
Figure 3.3 Motor is on state using one sensor voltage over threshold voltage ……………….…17
Figure 3.4: Motor is off state below threshold voltage ……………………………….....………18
Figure 3.5: Motor is off state in two different below threshold voltage ………………..….……18
Figure 3.6 GSM Unit……………………………………………………..……..……...….…….20
Figure 3.7 simulated result of whole circuit……………………………..…………….…….…..20
Figure 3.8 circuit design of auto irrigation system using soil moisture sensor.…………………21
Figure 3.9 Relay Unit Circuit Diagram…………………………………………...……...….....21
Figure 3.10 Battery Charger Controller………………………………………………..…..…....22
Figure 4.1 Complete Project………………………………………………………….…......…...23
Figure 4.2 Battery connected to the GSM module and main circuit………...…..………….….24
Figure 4.3 GSM Module connected to the main circuit…….………………….…......................24
Figure 4.4 Water Pump connected to the main circuit …………………………………......…... 25
Figure 4.5 Sensor module connected to the controller………………………….….……......…..25
Figure 4.6 LCD connected to the controller of main circuit…………………………….…........25
Figure 4.7 Relay Module in the main circuit…………………………………….……....……...26
Figure 4.8 Solar Panel…………………………………………………………………....……...26

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) vii
Figure 4.9 Water Pump is turned on in manual mode………………………………....……...27
Figure 4.10 Water Pump turn off in manual mode.……....…………………..………...….....27
Figure 4.11 Water Pump is turned on in auto mode…………………….………………….....28
Figure4.12 Water Pump is turned off in auto mode………………………………..................28

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) viii
ABSTRACT
The motivation for this project came from the countries where economy is based on agriculture and
the climatic conditions lead to lack of rains & scarcity of water. The farmers working in the farm
lands are solely dependent on the rains and bore wells for irrigation of the land. Even if the farm
land has a water-pump, manual intervention by farmers is required to turn the pump on/off
whenever needed. Moreover the cost of irrigation is becoming high day by day for the increasing of
fuel cost and electricity cost. This cost should be reduced to enhance our largest economy zone. The
aim of our project is to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer and also minimize the cost.
As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. When there is
not enough moisture in the soil, irrigation is needed. When sensors give signal of lower moisture,
the pump should be turned on. Again if it is got higher moisture level signal, the pump should be
turned off. This also gives much needed rest to the farmers, as they don’t have to go and turn the
pump on/off manually. Here solar power is used all over the project, so electricity bill or fuel cost
will be reduced dramatically. Farmer will be able to operate or maintain the water pump from
anywhere within the network, so the farmer can save time and involve himself with another work.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1. Introduction
The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the pump motor
ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of
irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human intervention and still
ensure proper irrigation. The project uses an ATMega8 series microcontroller which is programmed to
receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing arrangement. This is
achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing arrangement and
the microcontroller. Once the controller receives this signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for
operating the water pump. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display status of the
soil and water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff metallic rods inserted into the
field at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit. The concept in
future can be enhanced by integrating GSM technology, such that whenever the water pump switches
ON/OFF, an SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the status of the pump. We can also
control the pump through SMS.
1.2. Historical Background
As irrigation is playing the most important role in the economy of all agriculture base country .So from
some years ago it is started to research the new technology to improve this sector. Our neighbor country
like India and many other has already completed some project about this phenomenon but they had some
limitation on this topic. We successfully completed and improved this technology more than the past
research.
1.2.1. Earlier Research
Last year in India a project was implemented. Remote Irrigation and Monitoring System Using
GSM Technology, on this topic. They used DTMF Decoder IC, Cell Phone, Relay Switch, Water
Pump, and Sensor. Soil moisture sensor, temperature sensors placed in root zone of plant and
gateway unit handles the sensor information and transmit data to a web application. One algorithm
was developed for measure threshold values of temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor that

was programmed into a microcontroller to control water quantity. For power photovoltaic panel
was used. Another facto like cellular-Internet interface used that allowed for data inspection and
irrigation scheduling to be programmed through a web page. The automatic system was tested for
136 days and save 90% compared with traditional irrigation system. Three replicas of the
automated system have been used successfully in other places for 18 months. Because of its
energy autonomy and low cost, the system has the potential to be useful in water limited
geographically isolated area [24].
1.2.2. Recent Research
An automatic irrigation system used for irrigate sage crop field for 136 days and save 90% water
as compare to traditional irrigation system using wireless network and GPRS system in India . The
Brutsaert’s model used for measure the moisture of agricultural soils by an accurate, on site, real-
time method and also derived the speed-moisture curves, the conditions for the actual validity of
the curves, and the suitable sound frequency for performing the measurement, for a wide range of
agricultural soils in different physical conditions.
For automatic irrigation systems irrigate using cellular phone and for power source used solar
power .Arm also used for monitoring the irrigation system in real time based and for irrigation
system, system irrigates using GPRS system. [12].
1.2.3. State of the art technology
If we look at current scenario of water irrigation for agriculture sector various problems are facing
by the Farmers due to some different reasons. The increasing demand of the food supplies
requires a rapid improvement in food production technology. In many countries where agriculture
plays an important part in shaping up the economy and the climatic conditions are isotropic, but
still we are not able to make full use of agricultural resources. One of the main reasons is the lack
of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. Extraction of water at regular intervals from earth is
reducing the water level as a result of which the zones of un-irrigated land are gradually
increasing. The unplanned use of water inadvertently results in wastage of water. In an
Automated Irrigation System, the most significant advantage is that water is supplied only when

the moisture in soil goes below a pre-set threshold value. This saves us a lot of water and also this
technology saves our electricity.
1.3. Future Scope of This Study
By implementing this system, agricultural, horticultural lands, parks, gardens, golf courses can be
irrigated. Thus, this system is cheaper and more efficient when compared to other type of automation
system. In large scale applications, high sensitivity sensors can be implemented for large areas of
agricultural lands. A stand by battery can be implemented which comes into use in case of power cuts. A
secondary pump can be used in case of failure of the pump [14].
1.4. Limitations of the study
All above techniques have some problem like security issues, low transmission rate, etc. For Overcome
this problem, security system can be improved; the cost of solar cell can be reduced.
1.5. Advantage over Traditional Method
The system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. The system supplies water
only when the humidity in the soil goes below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the
roots water conservation takes place and also helps to maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone
constant to some extent. Thus the system is efficient and compatible to the changing environment. Also
the system saves the water and improves the growth of plants. This technology will also get a
revolutionary change in cost by using solar power. So this technology is much better than traditional
irrigation system [15].
1.6. Objective of this Work
The objectives of this project are as follows;

1.6.1. Primary objectives
1. To design, implement and provide as implant economic solution for water irrigation and
monitoring system.
2. To remove wastage of water and electricity.
3. To remove physical effort and inconvenience.
1.6.2. Secondary Objectives
1. To reduce electricity bill or fuel cost.
2. To control the whole system from anywhere within the cellular network.
1.7.Introduction to this Thesis
The work presented in this project is organized in four chapters. These four chapters are structured as
follows:
Chapter 1 is entitled as “Introduction’’. It introduces historical overview, recent researches, and
limitations.
Chapter 2 is entitled as “Components and Algorithms”. In this section, all the components used in this
project have been described. Major components and modules have been described briefly in this chapter.
The Algorithms have been included here.
Chapter 3 is entitled as “Design, Simulation and Software hardware integration “.The relevant information
about the circuit design has been discussed in this chapter. All the simulations and software hardware
integration have been discussed briefly.
Chapter 4 is entitled as “Implementation”. In this chapter, physical construction have been discussed.
Some photographs of actual hardware have been included in this chapter.
Chapter 5 is entitled as “Discussions and Conclusion”. In this chapter, results have been analyzed and
future work have been discussed here.

Chapter 2
Components and Algorithms
2.1. Introduction
In this chapter, all the components used in this project have been enlisted. Major components and modules
have been described briefly in this chapter. The algorithmic platform has been described briefly in this
chapter.
2.2. Components
Atmega8 microcontroller has been used in this project. This is made by Atmel Corporation. Atmega8 is
the main control unit of this project. This microcontroller has been described below.
2.2.1. Controller
The low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 8KB of programmable
flash memory, 1KB of SRAM, 512B EEPROM, 32 general purpose working resisters, three
flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable
USART, a byte oriented two-wire serial interface and a 6 or 8 channel 10-bit A/D converter 8-
channel in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages. The device supports throughput of 16 MIPS at 16 MHz
and operates between 2.7-5.5 volts. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the
device achieves throughputs approaching 1MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and
processing speed. Atmega IC and its pin diagram has been shown in figure 2.1 [6].
Figure: 2.1 Atmega8 Microcontroller and its pin diagram [6]

Specifications:
Specifications of Atmega8 have been given bellow:
Parameter Value
Flash (k Bytes): 8 k Bytes
Pin Count: 32
Max. Operating Freq. (MHz): 16 MHz
CPU: 8-bit AVR
Max I/O Pins: 23
Operating voltage 2.7V to 5.5V
2.2.2. GSM Module
Sim900A has been used in this project for wireless communication. This module is made by
SIMCom. The features of this module are
 Quad-Band 850/900/1800/1900MHz
 GPRS multi-slot class 10/8
 GPRS mobile station class B
 Compliant to GSM phase 2/2+
 Control via commands (GSM 07.07, 07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands)
 Short message service
 Operation temperature: -40℃ ~ +85℃
Sim900A GSM Module and its pin diagram has been shown in Figure 2.2 [7].
Figure 2.2: SIM900A GSM Modem and its pin diagram [7]

Specifications
Specification of SIM900A given below
PCB size 71.4mm X 66.0mm X 1.6mm
Indicators PWR, status LED, net LED
Power supply 5V
Communication Protocol UART
RoSH Yes
2.2.3. Relay
We used Sonole SRU-05VDC – SL-C Relay for switching the motor. The module is uses SRD
relay module to control high-voltage electrical devices. (Maximum 250V).It can be used in
interactive projects and can also be used to control the lighting, electrical and other equipment’s. It
can be controlled directly by a wide range of microcontrollers and can be controlled through the
digital IO port, such as solenoid valves, lamps, motors and other high current or high voltage
devices. [8]
Figure 2.3: Sonole SRU-05VDC – SL-C power Relay.
Specifications:
Specifications of the relay have been given below:
 Rated load: 10A 250VAC/28VDC,10A 125VAC/28VDC,10A 125VAC/28VDC

 Contact resistance: <=100m (ohm)
 Electrical life: 100,000
 Mechanical life: 10,000,000
 Coil rated voltage: 3-48VDC
 Coil power: 0.36W, 0.45W
 Coil pick-up voltage: <=75%
 Coil drop-out voltage: >=10%
 Ambient temperature: -25 degrees Celsius to +70 degrees Celsius
 Coil and contacts:1500VAC/min
 Contact and contacts: 1000VAC/min
 Insulation resistance: >=100M (ohm)
 Mounting form: PCB
 Outline dimensions (mm): 19.0x 15.5 x 15.0
2.2.4. Soil Moisture Sensor Module
This Soil Moisture Sensor Module can be used to detect the moisture of soil or judge if there is
water around the sensor. This module need to be inserted into the soil and then the on-board
potentiometer need to be adjusted to adjust the sensitivity. The sensor would outputs logic
High/Low when the moisture is higher/lower than the threshold set by the potentiometer. With the
help of sensors, sufficient water is given to plant. This Soil Moisture Sensor Module was used to
detect the moisture of soil or judge if there is water around the sensor. The sensor was chosen
because it is robust and accurate, inexpensive and stable soil-specific calibration [5]
Figure 2.4: Soil moisture sensor module [5]

Features:
Features of the sensor module are given below
 Digital output, easy to adjust
 Nickel plating to avoid corrosion
 Working voltage: 3.3V-5V
 On-board LM393 chip
 Dimension of the board: 3.2cm * 1.4cm [5]
2.2.5. LCD Screen
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi
segment LEDs. We used the Lcd to see the sensor and to see the motor state notifications. The Lcd
screen has been shown in Figure 2.5 [25].
Figure 2.5: 16*2 LCD display [25]
2.2.6. Battery
A 6V 4.5Ah/20HR Lead Acid Battery has been used in this project to provide necessary power to
every element. But in real life application 4 12V 100AH batteries are needed. The prototype
battery has been shown in Figure 2.6 [26].

Figure 2.6: Lead Acid Battery [26]
2.2.7. Water pump
A 12V mini water pump was used in the project. But if we need to apply the project in real life we
need to use higher power water pump like 2.2 KW submersible water pump. The water pump that
used in the proto type project has been shown Figure 2.7 [27].
Figure 2.7: Water pump [27]
2.2.8. Solar Module
SCP-10P solar module was used in the project for the solar energy. The solar module has been
shown below

Figure 2.8: Solar Module [28]
Specification:
The specifications of the solar panel given below
Model name SCP-10P
Maximum power 10W
Open circuit voltage (Voc) 21.03V
Short circuit current (Isc) 0.59A
Maximum power voltage (Vmp) 17.82V
Maximum power current (Imp) 0.56A
Tolerance: ±3
Weight 1.1 kg
Dimension: 355*255*17
2.2.9. Buck Converter
We used a buck converter to charge the battery from the solar module. A buck converter (step-
down converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter which steps down voltage (while stepping up
current) from its input (supply) to its output (load). It is a class of switched-mode power
supply (SMPS) typically containing at least two semiconductors (a diode and a transistor, although

modern buck converters frequently replace the diode with a second transistor used for synchronous
rectification) and at least one energy storage element, a capacitor, inductor, or the two in
combination. To reduce voltage ripple, filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination with
inductors) are normally added to such a converter's output (load-side filter) and input (supply-side
filter). This converter was used to charge the battery from solar energy. [9]
2.2.10. Other components
There are some passive components have been used in this project. A list of passive components
and other components are given below
 Resistor
10k
 Capacitor
10uF, 50uF
 Voltage Regulator IC
LM576 (5V)
 Switching device
L7805CV
 Switches
Toggle switches and push pull switch
 PCB Board
 Indicator
LED Red
 Connecting wire
 Female connector

 Female to female jumper
 Board
2.3. Algorithmic Platform
2.3.1. Overview
For the demonstration of Auto irrigation system, two resistive soil moisture sensors are used for
detecting the soil is dry or not. There is two way of starting the water pump and they are automatic
and manual mode. The feature of the project enlisted below
2.3.2. Manual Mode
At first the user need to switch on the toggle switch, the GSM module switch and the main circuit
switch. If the module network LED lights on then the user will get an SMS like ‘Please start the
motor’ if the soil is dry and the sensor voltage is over 4 volt as the threshold voltage was chosen 4
volt. Then the user can start the motor manually by sending an SMS for example ‘M_N’ to the
module SIM. When all the sensors get enough moisture and the voltage goes down 1.8 volt then
the user will receive an SMS like ‘please off the motor’. Then the user can turn off the water pump
by sending an SMS ‘M_F’. To move to the automatic state from the manual state the user need to
send an SMS like ‘A_N’. Then the motor will work automatically.
2.3.3. Automatic Mode
On automatic mode, when the soil is dry, the sensor voltage is to be greater than 4 volt to start the
motor. If sensors voltage 4 volt or more than 4 volt, the motor will be started automatically. If the
soil gets moisture then the resistance between the sensor nobe increases and the voltage decreases.
The water pump will be turned off automatically if the sensor voltage is below 1.8 volt. To move
to manual state from auto state the user need to send SMS like ‘A-F’. Then the water pump will
work manually as user choice.
The Flow chart of whole process shown in Figure 2.9.

2.4. Flow chart
Figure 2.9: Flow chart
2.5. Summary
This chapter mainly describes components that have been used in this project. Moreover the algorithmic
part has been described with the help of diagram.

Chapter 3
Design, Simulation and Software Hardware Integration
3.1. Introduction
In this chapter, the electrical design has been described. For electrical design, circuit simulation software
hardware integration has been described briefly.
3.2. ElectricalDesign
The entire electrical design of this project can be divided into several parts. Those are Controller Unit,
Power Unit, GSM Unit, Sensor Unit and Relay Unit. All the units are described in the following text.
3.2.1. Block Diagram
The block diagram of this project has been given in figure 3.1. Microcontroller Unit is connected
to all other parts either directly or indirectly. GSM Modem and Soil Moisture Sensor are
connected to microcontroller. Battery Charge Controller are connected to solar panel and battery.
Pump is connected to pump on-off Module. Pump On-Off Module is connected to microcontroller.
GSM Module receives command from microcontroller. Microcontroller takes input signal from
soil Moisture Sensor. Block Diagram is shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1 Block Diagram for automatic irrigation system
3.2.2. Controller Unit
One AVR Microcontroller has been used in this project. ATmega8 is the controller which holds
the control over whole circuit. Controller circuit has been described in the following text.
ATmega8 is the controller of this project. It controls some of the devices directly and some of the
devices indirectly. GSM Mode, Soil Moisture sensor, Pump on-off Module and Battery are
directly connected with ATmega8. Other devices are been indirectly controlled by this controller.
The pin diagram of ATmega8 has been shown in Figure 2.1. Atmel series microprocessor,
ATMega8 8-Bit Processor has 28 pin DIP package, 8K of program space, 23 I/O lines, 6 of which
are 10bit Analog to Digital converter capable runs up to 16MHz with external crystal. Two pins
are connected with GSM module (Rx-Tx). This controller receives two input form sensor by GSM
module and gives two outputs. All the output pins contain LED to see the results. 23 and 24
number connected with sensor. The corresponding simulation result will be described.

Figure 3.2 Motor is on state using two sensor voltage over threshold voltage
If Motor is started manually, two sensors value will be more than 4V. When two sensors value
are less than 1.8V, Motor is off mode. When Motor is on, Relay Circuit will be opened. Until
two sensor value are not less than or equal 1.8V, Motor is not turned off. It is shown in Figure
3.2.
Figure 3.3 Motor is on state using one sensor voltage over threshold voltage
In Figure, Sensors value are 1V and 3.2V. So Motor will not be turned off automatically.
Relay circuit will be opened. Until two sensor value are not less than or equal 1.8V, Motor is
not turned off. It is shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.4 Motor is off state below threshold voltage
In Figure two sensors value are 1V, Motor will be off Mode. In relay circuit will be closed.
Until two sensors value are not greater than or equal 4V, Motor will not be turned on. It is
shown in Figure 3.4.
Figure 3.5 Motor is off state in two different below threshold voltage

In Figure, Sensors value are 1V and less than 1V. So Motor will be turned off automatically. Relay
circuit will be shorted. Until two sensors value are not greater than or equal 4V, Motor is not
turned on. It is shown in Figure 3.5.
3.2.3. Power Unit
Four 6 V Battery has been used this project. Some of the loads take 6 V to operate but some takes
5 V and some takes 3.3 V and very high current. So, a high current 3.3 V port is required from
power unit. For, microcontrollers and LEDS 5 V is needed. Though all the 5 V loads takes low
current, but there are lots of 5 V load in this project. 6 V loads will be powered from Battery
directly. LM576 voltage regulator IC has been used where one is adjustable and other is fixed 5V.
This IC a high current voltage regulator and its maximum current is 3A which can fulfill the
requirements of this project. Here, capacitors are to stable the voltage and inductors are to stable
the current. LED with resistor is inductor. The IC LM567 is not available in the simulation
software. So, this circuit cannot be simulated with Proteus. For designing purpose, the IC block
was drawn in Proteus. For 2.2W power is needed for 1acre. 2.2 Kilowatt Solar home power plant
48 volts 600 Ah Battery bank is needed. For this four 12V Battery combined in series is used [11].
3.2.4. GSM Unit
The GSM Unit is directly connected to Atmega8. Transmitter (Tx) pin Os GSM module will be
connected with receiver (Rx) pin of ATmega8 and receiver (Rx) pin of GSM module will be
connected with Transmitter (Tx) pin of ATmega8. The controller communicates with GSM
module using UART communication at the baud rate of 8000 bps (bits per second). The circuit
diagram of GSM Unit has been given in Figure. In this circuit power key is to turn GSM module
on or off. Network light is to see the network status. GSM Unit is used to control motor remotely
through SMS.

Figure 3.6 GSM Unit
Figure 3.7 Simulated result of whole circuit
The module simulation using software is also not possible. It is shown in Figure 3.6 and 3.7.
3.2.5. Sensor Unit
All the sensors give Analog output. To make it digital, a comparator has been used. A 10K
potentiometer has been used to provide the reference voltage. This circuit has been repeated for all

sensors. Sensor consists of two prongs, which must be inserted in the soil, an LM358, which acts
as a comparator and a pot to change the sensitivity of the sensor. If soil moisture sensor is not
available be following circuit can be used an alternative. The Figure 3.8 circuit has a fixed
sensitivity. This can be changed by implementing a pot in place of one of the resistors connected
to the non-inverting terminal of the comparator. It is shown in Figure 3.8.
.
Figure 3.8 circuit design of moisture sensor of automatic irrigation system [12]
3.2.6. Relay Unit
Relay unit has been used for mechanical switching in this project. 5VDC relay has been used to
control 6V load from 5V command signal from controller. A BJT (L7805CV) has been used for
electrical switching of relay coil current. Relay Unit Circuit Diagram has been given in Figure 3.9.
Figure 3.9 Relay Unit Circuit Diagram

3.2.7. Battery charger Controller
Here, A BUCK CONVERTER has been used to control battery charge. It is a DC-DC Power
Converter which step down voltage. In this project, 6V Battery charger controller has been used.
It has been shown in Figure 3.10.
Figure 3.10 Battery charger Controller
3.3. Summary
For software hardware integration, a USB to TTL converter has been used. It contains PL2303HX USB to
TTL converter IC which is required for UART communication (UART: Universal Asynchronous
Receiving Transmitting). All the simulations have been done by Proteus 7 professional. The codes for all
the microcontrollers has been written in programming language c and compiled by Atmel Studio 6.2. All
the microcontroller ICs were programmed using AVR programmer with Extreme burner-AVR software.

Chapter 4
Implementation
4.1. Introduction
In this chapter, the hardware implementation and result analysis has been described. Some pictures of
actual hardware has been included here and all the outputs of different components are been analyzed.
The power budget of all different components has also been included in this chapter.
4.2. Implementation
Some photographs of actual hardware has been given from Figure 4.1 to figure 4.12. Figure 4.1 is the
complete project, Figure 4.2 is the Battery connected to the GSM module and main circuit, Figure 4.3
GSM Module connected to the main circuit, Figure 4.4 is Water Pump connected to the main circuit,
Figure 4.5 Sensor module connected to the controller, Figure 4.6 LCD connected to the controller of main
circuit, Figure 4.7 Relay module in the main circuit, Figure 4.8 solar panel, Figure 4.9 Water Pump is on
in manual mode, Figure 4.10 Water Pump off in manual mode, Figure 4.11 Water Pump is on in auto
mode, Figure 4.12 Water Pump is off in auto mode.
Figure 4.1 Complete Project

Figure 4.2 Battery connected to the GSM module and main circuit
GSM is connected to Battery and main circuit. GSM consume power from Battery. Power is supplied
from Battery to other parts of citcuit. It is shown in Figure 4.2.
Figure 4.3 GSM Module connected to the main circuit
GSM is connected to main circuit through microcontroller (Rx) and (Tx) ports. SMS is sent from
GSM and received by microcontroller. It is shown in Figure 4.3.

Figure 4.4 Water Pump connected to the main circuit
Water pump is connected to main circuit and power unit. Microcontroller gives command motor for
turning off or turning on. Power is got from Battery. It is shown in Figure 4.4.
Figure 4.5 Sensor module connected to the controller
Sensor is connected to main circuit through controller. It is connected to ADC port in
Microcontroller. Sensor gives analog value. It is converted to digital value by ADC. It is shown in
Figure 4.5.
Figure 4.6 LCD connected to the controller of main circuit

Sensor value is shown in LCD. Motor turn on and turn off mode are shown in LCD. LCD is got
power from Battery. It is shown in Figure 4.6.
Figure 4.7 Relay Module in the main circuit
Relay is connected to main circuit and motor. Relay is used as switch for motor turn off and on. It is
Figure 4.8 Solar Panel
It is a Silicon solar panel connected to power unit. Solar panel mechanical energy convert to electrical
energy. Battery is charged through Battery controller charger from Sonar panel. It is shown in Figure
4.8.

Figure 4.9 Water Pump is turned on in manual mode
Two sensors value are shown more than 4 V. Then SMS have been received from GSM to start
motor. After commanding M_N, Motor has been turned on. It is shown in Figure 4.9.
Figure 4.10 Water Pump turned off in manual mode
Two sensors value are shown less than 1.8V. Then SMS have been received from GSM to stop
Motor. After commanding M_F, Motor has been turned off. It is shown in Figure 4.10.

Figure 4.11 Water Pump is turned on in auto mode
Two sensor values are shown more than 4V. After giving SMS A_N, Motor has been automatically
turned on. Soil sensor voltage has been shown in LCD. For that voltage motor is ON Mode. It is
Figure 4.12 Water Pump is turned off in auto mode
Two sensor values are shown less than 1.8V. So Motor has been automatically turned off. Then SMS
has been shown in LCD about motor OFF Mode. It is shown in Figure 4.12.
4.3. Summary
In this chapter, Implementation and connections were described. Moreover working processes were
described.

Chapter 5
Discussions and Conclusions
5.1. Discussions
5.5.1. Microcontroller test
Much of the testing with this project involved debugging the micro controller code and interfacing
the micro controller with the wired and PCB designed hardware. The debugging entailed positioning
various print statements throughout the code to see exactly which code were executed. Oftentimes,
it was difficult to determine if a problem was rooted in the hardware wiring or in the source code.
We used the computer monitor to explicitly output the code executed and the oscilloscope to
diagnose any potential hardware problems. The biggest hurdle we had to overcome was making sure
that each input was sent to the right port of the micro controller. This was ensured with numerous
compare statements within the micro code. Therefore, if the micro controller read signals different
than those expected, this could be easily detected when the program was stuck in an endless loop
outputting error statements. Only when the micro controller recognized a valid input did it jump to
the next loop. Making sure that the micro controller output the correct signals was also important.
This was verified using a number of test LEDs placed in appropriate locations within in our circuit.
If an LED was erroneously triggered, we first traced it back to the source code to see if any of the
instructions interpreted the inputs incorrectly. Next, how the particular component was wired and
determined if it was behaving correctly based on the signal sent to it by the micro controller was
observed. Ultimately, this was how many of our debugging problems were rectified. As a result,
interfacing the microcontroller with the rest of our circuit proved to be long and iterative trial and
error process.
5.1.2. Sensor module test
Testing with moisture sensor module really need continuation effort. The sensor was placed in
different places for checking the proper amount of moisture content in the soil such that
microcontroller can detect the change in resistivity of the soil. In this project placing the moisture
sensor at the center of the field, the state of the fields was checked through the resistivity.

5.1.3. GSM module test
By using the GSM SIM900A the test was over using AT commands for receiving, sending and
reading the SMS in the user mobile. The water pump was turned on or off after getting definite SMS
command. Switching between auto and manual was also performed by dedicated SMS command.
5.1.4. Software testing
The software was coded in C language. C Language is peculiar to the processor. Due to this fact the
assembly code was tasted in a simulator for ATnega8 microcontroller. After the result was achieved
as desired, the code was burned converting into HEX file using AVR assembler. The Hex file was
loaded into microcontroller ATmega16 and was tested using led for output.
5.1.5. Findings from the above tests
 With our project we became successful to demonstrate with regarding the objectives of the project.
 The moisture content of the three different types of field was measured successfully.
 Motor automatically turn on or off with the different level of moisture level content in the soil.
 Farmer successfully got the status of his fields whether dry or wet by just giving SMS from his
master mobile.
 We became successful to meet the moisture content of the crops with their specific level of
moisture content.

5.1.6. Cost Analysis
Cost analysis of this project has been given in table 1
Table 1 Cost Analysis
Components Prototype
Cost(Taka)
Mass production
cost(Taka)
Atmega8 controller 80/- 70/-
Water Pump 950/- 5000/-
Sensors 600/- 800/-
GSM Module 3000/- 2150/-
Relay Module 150/- 105/-
Battery 450/- 12000/-
Solar Module 1100/- 165000/-
Buck converter 150/- 105/-
Voltage Regulator 12/- 8/-
PCB Board 250/- 180/-
Toggle & Push pull
switch
55/- 32/-
Board 750/- 1000/-
Passive components 100/- 65/-
Inverter 950/-
Total 7647/- 187465/-
Prototype cost has been calculated by excluding all the shipping cost. Mass production cost has been
assumed with the help of popular website by taking 1000 pieces as quantity [10]. In that case, shipping
cost will be negligible for per unit quantity. For a 2.2 KW water pump we will need 22 100 W solar panel
costing 7500 taka each. GTS-095-A 100 Watts Solar Panel, Peak Power 95 Watts, Open Circuit Voltage
21.7 VA, Short Circuit Current 6.39 A, Maximum Power Voltage 17.1V, Maximum Power Current
5.57A, Maximum System Voltage 1000 V DC, Weight 7.5 Kg, and Module Size 1195X541X35 can be
used for the mass production. Four number, 12 V solar batteries also needed for the mass production
instead of 6 V Battery that used in the proto type. The mass production cost was estimated for 1 acre land
with 8 hour backup. Moreover, body material cost will vary with design and product quality.

5.2. Suggestion for future Work
Many future works can be added in this topic. This project can be developed in many ways. Some ways
has been listed below
 The working of the project is basically dependent on the output of the moisture sensors. Whenever
there is need of excess water in desired field then it will not be possible by using sensor
technology. For this we have to adopt the DTMF technology. By using this we will be able to
irrigate the desired field and desired amount.
 After some modifications and transmitting the solar energy, it can be used as electricity in user
home after the irrigation season.
5.2.1. Future Enhancement
The scope of our project “Automatic Irrigation System” is immense. The future implications of
the project are very great considering the amount of time, money and resources it saves. The
project which have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to be
implemented in other projects of greater level such as GSM pump controller, weather updates
using mobile phones, pest control, control farming vehicles using mobiles, etc. The project itself
can be modified to achieve a complete Automatic Irrigation system which will then create a
platform for the user to interface between him and the agricultural field.
5.2.2. Application and Scope
Nowadays due to the increase in the different facilities population is increasing day by day and
since food is one of the basic need of human beings , to make it available for the billions trillions
of people in the world the traditional type of agricultural is not sufficient. The system we have
designed is based on Agricultural technology.
In the agricultural countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives and other highly developed
countries which produce the particular amount of agriculture product like Brazil and other

European countries this system can enhance their production in the scientific way. Since farmer
can know the status of the fields from anywhere through his/her mobile and it consumes less time.
5.3. Conclusions
The demonstrated project is a prototype. So, there will be some difference in real life application. First of
all the solar module used in the project is for sufficient for the prototype power. For real life application,
lots of solar panel will be required. One inverter will also be required for ac power supply with a high
rating battery. The initial cost for real life application will be high for the solar energy. But as there will be
no electricity charge, the project will decrease regular irrigation expense.
The system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. The system supplies water
only when the moisture in the soil goes below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the roots
water conservation takes place and also helps to maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone
constant to some extent. Thus the system is efficient and compatible to the changing environment. Also
the system minimizes water waste and improves plant growth.

REFERENCES
[1] (2016) Auto Irrigation System using Soil Moisture Sensor and PIC Microcontroller [Online].
Available: www.electronicshub.org/
[2] (2016) Automatic Irrigation System on Sensing Soil Moisture Content. [Online]. Available:
http://www.edgefxkits.com
[3] (2014) Designing and Simulation of an Automated Irrigation Management System Deployed by using
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) [Online]. Available: http://iosrjournals.org
[4] (2016) Automatic irrigation. [Online]. Available: http://www.sswm.info
[5] (2016) Soil moisture sensor. [Online]. Available: http://www.homotix.eu
[6] (2016) ATmega8. [Online]. Available: www.atmel.com
[7] (2016) Interfacing SIM900A Modem with Arduino. [Online]. Available:
www.elementztechblog.wordpress.com
[8] (2016) 1 Channel 5 volt Relay Module. [Online]. Available: http://www.elecfreaks.com
[9] (2016) Module 3.1 Buck converter. [Online]. Available: http://www.learnabout-electronics.org
[10] (2016) Product cost. [Online]. Available: https://www.techshopbd.com
[11] (2016) Everything you need to know before purchasing a Solar home inverter system. [Online].
Available: http://www.techlineinfo.com
[12] (2016) Auto Irrigation System using Soil Moisture Sensor and PIC Microcontroller. [Online].
Available: http://www.electronicshub.org/
[13] Jia Uddin, S.M. Taslim Reza, Qader Newaz, Jamal Uddin, Touhidul Islam, and Jong-Myon
Kim,“Automated Irrigation System Using Solar Power” ©2012 IEEE
[14] Ms. Sweta S. Patil, Prof. Mrs. A.V. Malvijay, “Review for ARM based agriculture field monitoring
system”,International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 2, February
2014.
[15] I. Farkas, "Modelling and control in agricultural processes," Computers and Electronics in
Agriculture, vol. 49, pp. 315-316, 2005.
[16] R. E. King and N. Sigrimis, "Computational intelligence in crop production," Computers and
Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 31, pp. 1-3, 2001.
[17] N. Sigrimis, P. Antsaklis, and P. P. Groumpos, "Advances in control of agriculture and the
environment," Control Systems, IEEE, vol. 21, pp. 8-12, 2001.

[18] V. L. Narasimhan, A. A. Arvind, and K. Bever, "Greenhouse asset management using wireless sensor-
actor networks," in Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, 2007.
UBICOMM'07. International Conference on, 2007, pp. 9-14.
[19] Joaquin Gutierrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto Garibay, and Miguel Angel Portal-
Gadara “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module ” IEEE
2013
[20] S. Park, A. Savvides, and M. B. Srivastava, "Simulating networks of wireless sensors," in Proceedings
of the 33nd conference on Winter simulation, 2001, pp. 1330-1338.
[21] T. Miller and R. Rabinovici, "Back-EMF waveforms and core losses in brushless DC motors," IEE
Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, vol. 141, pp. 144-154, 1994.
[22] L. Parsa and H. A. Toliyat, "Five-phase permanent-magnet motor drives," Industry Applications,
IEEE Transactions on, vol. 41, pp. 30-37, 2005.
[23] Samy Sadeky, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz,“ An Acoustic Method for Soil
Moisture Measurement ”, IEEE 2004
[24] R. Sakithvadivel, S Thiruvengadachari, “Performance Evaluation of the Bhakura Irrigation System,
India Using Remote sensing ang GIS Techniques” International conference, pp. 1-7, 2005
[25] (2012) LCD [Online] Available: www.engineersgarage.com
[26] (2016) Sunca 6 V 4.5Ah Lead Acid rechargeable battery [Online] Available: www.amazon.in
[27] (2016) 12 V DC water pump. [Online]. Available: www.harborfreight.com
[28] (2016) Solar panels. [Online] Available: http://www.reuk.co.uk

Appendix
Datasheets of Some Selected Components
[ Only important pages have been attached ]

ATmega8
Features
• High-performance, Low-power Atmel®AVR® 8- bit Microcontroller • Advanced RISC
Architecture
– 130 Powerful Instructions – Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
– 32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Fully Static Operation
– Up to 16MIPS Throughput at 16MHz
– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments
– 8Kbytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory
– 512Bytes EEPROM
– 1 Kbyte Internal SRAM
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System Programming by On-chip
Boot Program
True Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software Security
• Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler, one Compare Mode
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator

– Three PWM Channels
– 8- channel ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package Eight Channels 10-bit Accuracy
– 6- channel ADC in PDIP package
Six Channels 10-bit Accuracy
– Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
– Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
• Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
– Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
– Five Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, and Standby
• I/O and Packages
– 23 Programmable I/O Lines
– 28-lead PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, and 32-pad QFN/MLF
• Operating Voltages
– 2.7V - 5.5V (ATmega8L)
– 4.5 V - 5.5V (ATmega 8)
• Speed Grades
– 0 - 8MHz (ATmega8L )
– 0 - 16MHz (ATmega 8)

•
– Active: 3.6mA
– Idle Mode: 1.0mA
– Power-down Mode: 0.5µA
Pin Configurations:
Overview
The Atmel®AVR® ATmega8 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC
architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8 achieves
throughputs approaching 1MIPS per MHz, allowing the system designed to optimize power consumption
versus processing speed.

Block Diagram:
Figure 6.2 Block Diagram of ATmega8 microprocessor

SIM900A GSM Module
1 Introduction
This document describes the hardware interface of the SIMCom SIM900A module that connects to the
specific application and the air interface. As SIM900A can be integrated with a wide range of
applications, all functional components of SIM900A are described in great detail.
This document can help you quickly understand SIM900A interface specifications, electrical and
mechanical details. With the help of this document and other SIM900A application notes, user guide, you
can use SIM900A module to design and set-up mobile applications quickly.
Related Documents
SIM900A ATC: SIM900A ATC
ITU-T Draft new Recommendation V.25ter: Serial asynchronous automatic dialing and control
GSM 07.07: Digital cellular telecommunications (Phase 2+); AT command set for GSM Mobile
Equipment (ME)
GSM 07.10: Support GSM 07.10 multiplexing protocol
GSM 07.05: Digital cellular telecommunications (Phase 2+); Use of Data Terminal Equipment – Data
Circuit terminating Equipment (DTE – DCE) interface for Short Message Service (SMS) and Cell
Broadcast Service (CBS)
GSM 11.14: Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Specification of the SIM Application
Toolkit for the Subscriber Identity Module – Mobile Equipment
(SIM – ME) interface
GSM 11.11: Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Specification of the Subscriber
Identity Module – Mobile Equipment (SIM – ME) interface
GSM 03.38: Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Alphabets and Language-specific
information
GSM 11.10: Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2) ； Mobile Station (MS)
Conformance specification； Part 1: Conformance specification

AN_Serial Port: AN_Serial Port
2 SIM900A Overview
Designed for global market, SIM900A is a dual-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies
EGSM
900MHz and DCS 1800MHz. SIM900A features GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and
supports the
GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.
With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3mm, SIM900A can meet almost all the space requirements
in the applications, such as M2M, smart phone, PDA and other mobile devices.
The physical interface to the mobile application is a 68-pin SMT pad, which provides all hardware
interfaces between the module and customers’ boards. The keypad and SPI display interface will give you
the flexibility to develop customized applications. Serial port and Debug port can help you easily develop
your applications. One audio channel includes a microphone input and a speaker output.
Programmable General Purpose Input & Output.
The SIM900A is designed with power saving technique so that the current consumption is as low as
1.5mA in SLEEP mode.
The SIM900A is integrated with the TCP/IP protocol; extended TCP/IP AT commands are developed for
customers to use the TCP/IP protocol easily, which is very useful for those data transfer applications.
2.1 SIM900A Key Features:
Power supply: Single supply voltage 3.4V – 4.5V
Power saving: Typical power consumption in SLEEP mode is 1.5mA ( BS-PA-MFRMS=5 ) Frequency
Bands: Typical power consumption in SLEEP mode is 1.5mA ( BS-PA-MFRMS=5 )
SIM900A Dual-band: EGSM900, DCS1800. The SIM900A can search the 2 frequency bands
automatically. The frequency bands also can be set by AT command. Compliant to GSM Phase 2/2+

GSM class: Small MS
Transmitting power: Class 4 (2W) at EGSM 900
Class 1 (1W) at DCS 1800
GPRS connectivity: GPRS multi-slot class 10 （default）
GPRS multi-slot class 8 (option)
GPRS mobile station class B

AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM

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