An internship report on 24.5 mw summit chandina power plant

[AN INTERNSHIP REPORT ON-
“24.5MW SUMMIT CHANDINA POWER PLANT”]
SUMMIT POWER LIMITED.
NOVEMBER 29, 2019
DEPERTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
“DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY”
SUBMITTED BY:
KHAN MOHAMMAD JAMIL – ID 161-33-3174
MD. RIAD HASAN – ID 161-33-3167
DEPERTMENT OF (EEE)
DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
SUBMITTED TO:
MD. SHAMEEM
PLANT MANAGER (CNPP)
“SUMMIT POWER LIMITED (SPL)”
CHANDINA, CUMILLA.
SUPERVISED BY:
DR. M. SHAMSUL ALAM
(PROFESSOR)
DEPERTMENT OF EEE
CO-SUPERVISED BY:
ARNOB GHOSH
(LECTURER)
DEPERTMENT OF EEE

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“©Daffodil International University”
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that this internship title “24.5MW Summit Chandina Power Plant” is
done by the following students under our direct supervision and this work has been carried
out by them in the Summit power limited in partial fulfillment of the necessity of the degree
of Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering. It has not been submitted
to any other institution or University for the grant of any degree previously.
Signature of the Supervision
…………………………………
Arnob Ghosh
Lecturer (Co-Supervisor)
Department of EEE
Daffodil International University
Signature of the Candidates
Khan Md. Jamil
ID: 161-33-3174
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Md. Riad Hasan
ID: 161-33-3167

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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
29 November, 2018
Mr. Md. Shameem
Plant Manager
Chandina Summit Power Plant (CNPP).
Chandina, Cumilla.
Summit Power Limited (SPL).
Sub: Submission of the Internship Report.
Dear Sir,
It is a great pleasure to submit our report prepared by us Khan Md. Jamil & Md. Riad Hasan.
Our ID is 161-33-3174 & 161-33-3167. During our internship in Summit Power Limited at
24.5MW Chandina Power Plant, Cumilla.
The internship provided us a great opportunity to experience the real life development
environment, modern technology and techniques. We hope that it will ensure positive role in
the development of our career. In this report, we tried to summarize what we have done and
experienced during our internship period in SUMMIT Power Limited.
We are really lucky to have the chance to take part in this internship program. We express our
sincere gratitude and thankfulness to our supervisor Arnob Ghosh for guiding us continuously
for the successful completion of the internship report.
Thank You
Yours sincerely,
Khan Md. Jamil
ID: 161-33-3174
Md. Riad Hasan
ID: 161-33-3167

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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this report on "24.5MW Summit Chandina Power Plant” (Summit
Power Ltd.) in Bangladesh is submitted to Daffodil International University for partial
fulfilment of the requirement of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic
Engineering (EEE). It has not been submitted to any other University or institution for the
award of any degree previously.
This report does not break any provision of copyright act. We further undertake to identify the
university against any loss or damage arising from breach of the forgoing obligation.
Signature of the Candidates
Khan Md. Jamil
ID: 161-33-3174
Md. Riad Hasan
ID: 161-33-3167

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful”
We thank Allah all-powerful for giving me the motivation, patience, time, and
quality to truly wrap up this work. With Allah’s will and kindness. We have been able to
achieve all of this. We acknowledge my gratitude to our study supervisor, Professor Dr. M.
Shamsul alam, Dean, Faculty of Engineering for his valuable the suggestions and guidance
throughout this study report work. We express gratitude & thankfulness to my Co-supervisor
Arnob Ghosh, Lecturer, and Faculty of Engineering for guiding me continuously for the
successful completion of internship report.
We wish to our deep and sincere appreciation and thankfulness to DPM (Deputy Plant
Manager) Mr. Md.Abul Bashar, Sr. ADM (Assistant Deputy Manager) Md. Monir Hossain,
ADM Md. Ashrafullah and all the Shift Engineer and all staff of Electrical Maintenance,
Mechanical Maintenance & Operation department for their valuable guidance, advice and
cooperation.
We’re very thankful to PM (Plant Manager) Mr. Md. Shameem, for his guidance,
encouragement, and support. We would always remember his ditch efforts to make us
entangled in discussions that ultimately proved to be very fruitful. It was a real feast being with
him.
Finally, I would like to thank all my teachers, students and staff of Department of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering at Daffodil International University and all of my family members
and friends whose names are not mentioned here.

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“Dedicated to Our Parents”

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Contents Page no.
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL............................................................................................................. I
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.....................................................................................................................II
DECLARATION......................................................................................................................................... III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................... IV
TOPICS 01: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1
1.1 : OBJECTIVE: ....................................................................................................................................2
TOPICS 02: INTRODUCTION OF TRAINING INTO PLANT..................................................................2
2.1 : RISKY AREA INTO THE PLANT AND SAFETY: ....................................................................................2
2.2 : PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:...............................................................................................3
TOPICS 03: COMPANY DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................5
3 INTRODUCTION:....................................................................................................................................5
3.1 : INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POLICY OF SPL:.....................................................................5
3.2 : QUALITY.....................................................................................................................................5
QUALITY OBJECTIVES:..................................................................................................................................7
3.3 : ENVIRONMENTAL (ISO14001:2004)..........................................................................................8
ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................9
3.4 : OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROTECTION AND SAFETY ........................................................................9
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY OBJECTIVES .....................................................................................10
TOPICS 04: PLANT DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................11
4.1 : POWER PLANT ..............................................................................................................................11
4.2 : TYPE OF POWER STATION .............................................................................................................11
4.3 : BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SUMMIT CHANDINA POWER PLANT .........................................................11
4.4 : CHANDINA POWER PLANT (SPL) LAYOUT ....................................................................................15
4.5 : FIRE PLAN FOR CAT PLANT ..........................................................................................................16
4.6 : FIRE PLAN WARTSILA PLANT ........................................................................................................16
4.7 : SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF CHANDINA 11 MW PLANT....................................................................17
4.8 : SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF CHANDINA 13.5 MWPLANT .................................................................17
4.9 : OVERALL SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SUMMIT CHANDINA POWER PLANT.....................................18
4.10 ENERGIZED AND DE-ENERGIZED SYSTEM OF PLANT.........................................................................18
Energized System:..................................................................................................................................18
De-energized system:.............................................................................................................................18
TOPICS 05: ENGINE ..................................................................................................................................19
5 INTRODUCTION: ............................................................................................................................19
5.1 : WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FOUR STROKE IC GAS ENGINE.................................................................20
5.1.1 : 1: Intake Stroke:......................................................................................................................20
5.1.2 2: Compression Stroke...............................................................................................................20
5.1.3 3: Power Stroke.........................................................................................................................21
5.1.4 4: Exhaust Stroke: .....................................................................................................................21
5.2 : MAIN PARTS OF IC ENGINE ...........................................................................................................22
Camshaft:..............................................................................................................................................25
Flywheel:...............................................................................................................................................26
5.3 : MOVING AND STATIONARY PARTS OF IC ENGINE...........................................................................26
Moving parts: ........................................................................................................................................26
Stationary parts:....................................................................................................................................26
5.4 : PRE-CHECK INSPECTION AND ENGINE STARTING PROCEDURE (CATERPILLAR) ...........................27

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5.5 : PRE-CHECK INSPECTION AND ENGINE STARTING PROCEDURE (WARTSILA)..................................28
5.6 : SYSTEM OF CATERPILLER ENGINE: ...........................................................................................28
5.6.1 : AIR STARTING SYSTEM.................................................................................................................28
5.6.3 : AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM.................................................................................................29
5.6.4 : LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM............................................................................................................30
5.6.5 : FUEL SYSTEM...............................................................................................................................31
5.6.6 : COOLING SYSTEM .........................................................................................................................32
Jacket water cooling system:..................................................................................................................32
Air and Oil Cooling System:...................................................................................................................33
5.6.7 : IGNITION SYSTEM.........................................................................................................................34
5.6.8 : SYSTEM OF WARTSILA ENGINE 5.8.1: AIR STARTING SYSTEM.....................................................34
5.6.9 : AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM.................................................................................................34
5.6.10 : LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM .......................................................................................................35
5.6.11 : FUEL SYSTEM...........................................................................................................................36
5.6.12 : COOLING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................37
5.6.13 : IGNITION SYSTEM.....................................................................................................................37
5.7 : ENGINE PROTECTION SYSTEM.......................................................................................................38
Sensor List:............................................................................................................................................38
TOPICS 06: ALTERNATOR.......................................................................................................................39
6.1 : INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................39
6.2 : OPERATION CONCEPT ...................................................................................................................40
6.3 : TYPES OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR ..........................................................................................40
6.4 : STATOR CONSTRUCTION ...............................................................................................................41
6.5 : ROTOR .........................................................................................................................................41
6.6 : FIELD EXCITATION AND EXCITERS ................................................................................................42
Three methods of excitation....................................................................................................................42
6.7 : GENERATOR PROTECTION .............................................................................................................42
6.8 : SPECIFICATION OF CNPP’S (WARTSILA)ALTERNATOR ...................................................................43
TOPICS 07: VOLTAGE SYSTEM IN POWER PLANT............................................................................44
7.1.0 : TYPES OF VOLTAGE SYSTEM.........................................................................................................44
7.1.1 : LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM.................................................................................................................44
7.1.2 : MEDIUM VOLTAGE SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................45
7.1.3 : HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEM ...............................................................................................................46
7.2 : DC SYSTEM..................................................................................................................................46
TOPICS 08: SWITCHGEAR.......................................................................................................................48
8.1 : INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................48
8.2 : ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF SWITCHGEAR .........................................................................................48
8.3 : ELEMENTS OF SWITCHGEAR .......................................................................................................48
8.3.1 : CATERPILLAR MV Room ....................................................................................................48
8.3.2 : WARTSILA MV room ..............................................................................................................49
TOPICS 09: SUB-STATION........................................................................................................................50
9.1 : INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................50
9.2 : CLASSIFICATION OF SUB-STATION.................................................................................................50
9.3 : SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SUBSTATION.........................................................................................51
9.4 : SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT ..............................................................................................................52
9.4.1 : TRANSFORMER .............................................................................................................................52
9.4.1.1 : POWER TRANSFORMER .............................................................................................................53
9.4.1.2 : AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER.......................................................................................................54
9.4.1.3 : INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER ....................................................................................................55
9.5 : TRANSFORMER PROTECTION .........................................................................................................55
9.6 : CIRCUIT BREAKER........................................................................................................................55
9.7 : GROUNDING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................58

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9.7.1 : NEUTRAL GROUNDING .................................................................................................................58
Advantage of Neutral Grounding: ..........................................................................................................58
9.7.2 : SYSTEM GROUNDING ....................................................................................................................59
9.7.3 : EQUIPMENT GROUNDING ..............................................................................................................59
9.8 : SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT ..............................................................................................................59
9.9 : LIGHTING ARRESTER ....................................................................................................................59
9.10 : ISOLATOR.....................................................................................................................................60
9.11 : BUS BAR ......................................................................................................................................60
9.11.1: BUS BAR PROTECTION .....................................................................................................................60
9.12 : TRANSMISSION LINE .....................................................................................................................60
9.12.1: TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION....................................................................................................60
9.13 : AUXILIARY SUBSTATION...............................................................................................................61
TOPICS 10: CONTROL SYSTEM..............................................................................................................62
10.1 : CONTROL ROOM...........................................................................................................................62
10.2 : ELECTRICAL AND CONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION .........................................................................62
10.2.1 : OPERATION MOOD ...................................................................................................................63
10.2.2 : CONTROL PANELS ....................................................................................................................63
10.2.3 : PLC SYSTEM............................................................................................................................64
WOIS:....................................................................................................................................................64
WISE:....................................................................................................................................................64
10.2.4 : CONTROL FUNCTION ................................................................................................................65
Start and Stop of Generating Set: ...........................................................................................................65
Starting Condition of Generating Set:.....................................................................................................65
Start/Stop sequence:..............................................................................................................................66
Synchronization:...................................................................................................................................66
Engine speed and load control:.............................................................................................................67
Generator output control:......................................................................................................................68
Control of auxiliary systems:.................................................................................................................68
1. Automatic start and stop of auxiliary units: ....................................................................................68
2. Cooling water temperature control: ...............................................................................................68
3. Fuel temperature control:..............................................................................................................68
01. Radiator control:.......................................................................................................................68
02. Monitoring and Alarm handling: ...............................................................................................69
Safety functions.....................................................................................................................................69
01. Engine start conditions:.............................................................................................................69
02. Automatic shutdown and engine stop: ........................................................................................69
TOPICS 11: FINDINGS...............................................................................................................................70
TOPICS 12: CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................70
ABBREVIATION.........................................................................................................................................71
REFERENCE:..............................................................................................................................................72

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TOPICS 01: INTRODUCTION
We are Khan Md. Jamil and Md. Riad Hasan, student of
Daffodil international University (DIU). Our department is EEE
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering) and our ID Number is 161-
33-3174 & 161-33-3167. We are now in final(12th
) semester that’s
why we have submitted application to the Managing director of
SUMMIT Power limited at (24-Sep-2019) because of our
educational Field Study purpose. We got feedback response at
26Sep. 2019 and had to go to head office. Human Resource Admin
of SPL asked us that why we chose SUMMIT for internship. We
answered that our elder brother completed internship from here
and they said us it is the best option for training. Then he (HR)
provide us forwarding letter to join Chandina Power Plant (CNPP)
with a having duration of (02) Two months from (Sunday, 29
Sep.2019) to (Friday, 29 Nov.2019). We have started our
internship program according to schedule and completed training
properly.
Our Joining letter of Internship at Summit Power limited

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1.1: Objective:
The objectives of this internship program are
Clearing conception about job life.
Working procedure of power plant sector.
Safety of power plant job.
To know about all electrical substation equipment of a power plant.
To Know about Engine and all other related parts of power plant.
To know about single line diagram of a power plant
To know about procedure of power generation.
Total protection system of a power plant
Plant energized and de-energized system.
All type task regarding operation & maintenance.
Commercial operation on dispatch calculation
How to make relationship with employee to each other.
TOPICS 02: INTRODUCTION OF TRAINING INTO PLANT
2.1: Risky Area into the Plant and Safety:
Riskiness Risky area Possible harness Caution
High noise Entire the engine
room
Harmful to hearing Ear muff should be
used
Flammable
gas leakage
Gas regulating unit Possibility of
firing and gas
pollution which
is harmful to
respiration
No smoking,
any electric
work and
electric light
never
be done

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2.2: Personal protective Equipment:
List of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
1. Ear muff / Ear plugs (Ear protector)
2. Helmet
3. Gas mask (Respiration) spare filter.
4. Safety goggles (Eye protector).
5. Hand gloves
6. High voltage hand gloves (11kv).
7. Lather hand gloves.
Chemical
mixed water
Leakage water of
engine cooling
water pipe
Harmful to skin Careful and
primary
treatment must
be taken.
Chemicals-coolant Chemical
reserve area
Harmful to skin
or other parts of
body
Careful and
primary
treatment must
be take
according to
MSDS
High voltage
11000& 33000v
Substation and
MV room
Harmful to
physical by
getting shock
Safety shoe and
gloves must be
used and nothing
to touch without
ensuring
safety
Low voltage
110 & 240/415
volts
LV room, panel
board, generation
room and
external of
electrical device
Harmful to
physical by
getting shock
Safety shoe and
gloves must be
used and nothing
to touch without
ensuring
safety

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8. Rain coat.
9. Mask (normal).
10. Chemical wear apron.
11. Gum boot.
12. Safety belt.
13. Safety overall (Boiler suit).
14. Safety shoe.
15. Safety body harness.
16. High quality water proof torch.
17. Fire rescue suit

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TOPICS 03: COMPANY DESCRIPTION
3 Introduction:
SUMMIT POWER LIMITED (SPL), a unit of SUMMIT GROUP which is a
leading independent power producer, was established in a year 1997, SPL
generates electric power energy from its seven generating stations (power
stations) and supply them to the individual clients as per contact made with them.
The management of the company is very dynamic and working proactivity in
challenging environment.
The strategic management for SPL involves the establishment of the near term
objectives. The policies and objectives of this company have also been suggested
SPL has established integrated management system incorporating the
requirements of ISO 9001:2004, ISO 14001:2004 and OSHAS 18001:2007
3.1 : Integrated Management System policy Of SPL:
SUMMIT POWER LIMITED (SPL) has incorporated integrated management
system complying requirement of ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OSHAS
18001:2007 and commits itself to the following policies
3.2 : QUALITY
As extension of organizational principle, SPL commits themselves to the
following quality policy,
1. Establishing a quality management system (QMS) as per ISO 9001:2008 and
maintain it with commitment for continual improvement of the QMS.
2. Consider quality as an integral part of any activity, not being dissociated or delegated.
3. Apply quality management as a dynamic, evolutionary practice, with
permanent feedback and improve the performance in the following area.
Energy exported.
Fuel consumption per MWH (Mega Watt Hour) of energy exported.
Engine running time (generation period).

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Availability factor.
Heat rate per day.
Shut down (mechanical).
Shut down (electrical).
Shut down (substation).
Shut down (less energy demand).
No. of voltage fluctuation (Beyond range).
No. of frequency fluctuation (Beyond range).
4. Commit the whole company, suppliers and business partners to the highest
quality standards of service provided to the customer, while complying fully with
the legal requirement to the generation and supply of electricity
5. Keep education and training programs for the employees in issues related to
quality, extensible to suppliers and business partners.
6. Evaluate and recognize the quality of the work performed by the employees,
individually collectively, as well as by suppliers or business partners.
7. The policy is communicated to all the employees within all relevant levels of
the organization, and makes them understand.
8. Is reviewed from time to time for its continuing suitability.

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Quality Objectives:
Summit Power Limited (SPL) has fixed following Quality objectives. a)
To improve the performance of SPL by-
time(generation period) Target(2019-20) 20652 13328
Availability Factor % Achieved(2018-
19)
98.44 93.36
Target(2019-20) 90.00 90.00
Heat rate per day KJ/KWH Achieved(2018-
29)
64.29 71.41
Target(2019-20) 75.00 80.00
Shut down(schedule
elec.,mech. &
substation)
Hrs Achieved(2018-
20)
9670 8576
Target(2019-20) 9919 8700
Shut down(unschedul
elec.,mech. &
substation)
Hrs Achieved(2018-
19)
24 296
Target(2019-20) 550 500
Shut down(other
feeder trip)
Hrs Achieved(2018-
19)
111 278
Target(2019-20) 150 150
Shut down(less
energy demand)
Hrs Achieved(2018-
19)
447 421
Target(2019-20) 400 400
Unit Chandin
a
(Cat)
Chandi
na
(Wart)
Energy Generation MWH Achieved(2018-
19)
63811 86099
Target(2019-20) 74642 97713
Energy Exported MWH Achieved(2018-
19)
61952 84525
Target(2019-20) 72468 94867
Fuel consumption TK/KWH Achieved(2018-
19)
0.897 0.814
Target(2019-20) 1.27 1.22
Engine running Hrs Achieved(2018-
19)
22486 14333

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3.3 : ENVIRONMENTAL (ISO14001:2004)
SUMMIT POWER LIMITED (SPL), aware of their social responsibility,
sensitive to global environment production effort and according to the SPL,
considers their mission to contribute to the sustainable development of the
country.
Continuous improvement, waste minimization, pollution prevention, as well as
the commitment of the employees will be the basis for the implementation of this
policy. Therefore, SPL commits to:
1. Practice environmental management as a dynamic, evolutionary process and
with permanent feedback.
2. Seek full compliance with legislation, applicable standards, and other
requirements resulting from agreements signed by the organization and
wherever possible overcome them.
3. Minimize any significant adverse environmental impacts of new
developments using integrated environmental management procedures and
planning.
4. Provides the sites with adequate facilities, aiming at the environmental
protection, associated with adequate employee-workplace environment
integration.
5. Implement generation technique and use of resources that judiciously
minimize the generation of waste that is hazardous to the environment.
6. Encourage the adoption of these principles by suppliers, partners and service providers.
7. Disseminate this policy by educating and training employees, and encourage
them to conduct their activities in an environmentally responsible manner.

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Environmental Objectives
Management of SUMMIT POWER LIMITED (SPL) has fixed following
environmental objectives for all of its plants for implementing the environmental
management system.
a) For conservation of natural resource, reduction of the following targets
will be achieved.
1) By reduction of electricity consumption as follows
Name of the Plant Achieved (2018-19)
(MWH)
% of generation
Target (2019-20)
(MWH)
Chandina Power Plant 2.29 2.50
2) By reduction of water consumption as follows
(m3)
Target (2019-20) (kg)
b)To reduce special waste oily rage use will be reduced by 2013 as follow
(m3)
Target (2019-20) (kg)
3.4 : Occupational Health Protection and Safety
Summit Power Limited (SPL), strongly believes that the achievement of
organizational success must be accompanied by resolute commitment towards the
health and safety to all of its employees.
SPL commits itself to the following Occupational Health Protection and Safety policy:
1. Ensure a healthy and safe work environment to employees and provide
resources for awareness, preliminary risk evaluation, training and monitoring of
health and accident risks.

10
2. Ensure consistency of SPL’s health and safety procedures with the relevant
legislative requirements, other requirements to which SPL subscribes and
introduce necessary additional requirements to make certain of a safe and healthy
workplace.
3. Incorporate Occupational Health and Safety consideration in the planning stage
of product and process design.
4. Continually strive to eliminate any foreseeable hazards, which may result
property damage, accidents, or personal injury illness.
5. Continually improve in OH&S management and OH&S performance.
6. Be prepared for emergencies and act promptly to eliminate their resulting
incidents/accidents.
Occupational Health and Safety Objectives
Management of SUMMIT POWER LIMITED (SPL) has fixed the following
occupational health and safety objectives for implementing the OHS
management system.
1)SPL will comply to legal and regulatory requirements of the country.
2)SPL will restrike occurrence of lost time due to incident in the plant and
maintain at (zero) nos.
3)SPL will restrike occurrence of ill health in the plant and maintain it at 0(zero)
nos.by end of 2013.
4) SPL will restrike occurrence of the accidents in all of its plants and maintain it
at 0(zero) nos by end of 2018-19 as follows
Name of the plant Achieved (2018-19)
(no’s)
Target (2019-20) (no’s)
Chnadina Power Plant 00 00
5) SPL will maintain safe working environment by giving training to its entire
people on OHS

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TOPICS 04: PLANT DESCRIPTION
4.1 : Power Plant
A power station is a facility that converts some form of mechanical energy into
electrical energy. The electrical energy generated is commonly called the
"power". The sources of energy at power stations generally include wind and
water. Chemical sources almost always involve the burning of fuel, such as coal,
natural gas, heavy fuel oil (HFO) and gasoline. Nuclear power stations generally
only use Uranium (U235
). Other sources of energy include geothermal, solar, and
tidal.
4.2 : Type of Power Station
1. Steam Power Station
2. Hydro-Electric Power Station
3. Constituents of Hydro-Electric Power Station
4. Gas Turbine Power Station
5. Diesel Power Station
6. Nuclear Power Station
7. Gas Engine Power Plant (Our Power Plant Type in CNPP at SPL)
8. HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil) Power Plant
4.3 : Brief Description of SUMMIT Chandina Power Plant
Main Generating Units: 3*CATERPILLAR G3616 Gas Engine coupled with
KATO Alternators of rated voltage 11000V or 11MV. Each Engine produces
3.67MW
1*CATERPILLAR G3516 Gas Engine coupled with KATO Alternators of rated
voltage 400V. Capacity 1.04MW.
2*WARTSILA 16V34SG GAS Engine coupled with ABB Alternators of rated
voltage 11000V. Each Engine produces 6.97MW.
 Commercial Operation Date: The plant came in commercial operation on
12 June 2001for 11MW project and 14November, 2006 expansion13.5MW
project.
 Full Production Capacity of the Plant: Guaranteed capacity of 24.5MW.As
per the power purchase agreement with Rural Electrification Board (REB),
the plant is dispatching power with 100% capacity.

12
 Auxiliary Module: Auxiliary machinery associated with the operation of
the main generating units.
 Fuel: Natural Gas.
 Emergency Power Supply: The plant has DG set for facility emergency
power for firefighting and security lighting.
 Accommodation: Bachelor Accommodation facility available within plant boundary.
 Daily Consumption of Fuel-For 11MW Plant: Approx. 2744530SCF at
100% production capacity of the plant.
 For 13.5MW Plant: Approx. 2818050SCF at 100% production capacity of the plant.
 Electrics: The electricity is produced at 11KV which is evacuated to 33KV
PBS line through 02nos 11/33KV step-up power transformers. Capacities
of transformer are 12.5/15MVA & 16/20MVA.
As the tariff of the project is competitive and term is only 18 years, At the recent
month of February,2019 the plant factor 87% of 11MW plant and 91% of 13.5
MW plant.
The invoice for the month of February 2019 was BDT 1, 45, 76,087 for 11MW
plant and BDT 2, 19,200006 for 13.5MW plant.
The Power purchase agreement (PPA) was signed on 10 February, 2000 &
supplements agreement on 28June, 2005, between SPL and REB for installation
of 11MW power plant & 13.5 MW expansion power plant, its operation and
maintenance and supply of electricity on IPP basis for 18 years at Chandina,
Cumilla.
SPL also signed LAND LEASE AGREEMENT with REB on 10February, 2000.
SPL signed supply contact agreement with WARTSILA Finland on 31August,
2005 for supply GENSET with auxiliary equipment. Besides the company has
signed long term spare Besides, Summit Power Limited has signed with
WARTSILA Bangladesh to maintain and provide technical support as
maintenance agreement. Upgrade maintenance agreement signed on 5th
February,
2012.
Total contract price 13.5MW Wartsila project is EUR 42,47,600. This includes
the cost of normal standard export packing. Total contract price of 11MW
Caterpillar project is not known to us.

13
The erection supervision of CATERPILAR & WARTSILA and the
subcontractor(s) and in accordance with the technical specifications and
manufacture standard guidelines and procedures.
The performance test was conducted by supplier and took place in the presence
of SPL & REB’s representatives and the result was as expected.
The supply contract shall be governed by the laws of the country of UK to the
exclusion of UN sales convention.
The company has spare parts agreement with its vendor.
As per the heat rate guarantee, at 100% load factor the heat rate should be satisfactory.
In accordance with GAS SUPPLY AGREEMENT between Bakhrabad Gas
System Ltd (BGSL) and Summit Power Limited (SPL). BGSL will ensure
required fuel supplies.
 Project Implementation, Investment and Financing: Chandina power
plant under SPL: It is assumed that chandina power plant will continue its
power generation over 90% load factor based on the project cost factors of
the plants. The total generation capacity for the plant is 24.5MW.
 Project Commissioning: The project stated commercial operation on 12
June 2001 for 11MW project and 14 November, 2006 Expansion 13.5MW
project.
 Technical Data: The maximum net output of energy for this plant is 24.5MW.
The guaranteed net plant capacity shall be the ambient condition are attitude
above sea level is 7.5M and Latitude 23deg26’N,91deg1.1’E, Barometric
pressure 1.014 bar, Relative Humidity 85%,Temperature 35deg C.
The guaranteed capacity of the Chandina Power Plant has been assumed to be
24.5MW conducted by yearly GNPC test by company & customer agreement
with supplier.
The plant operates 100% output for gas delivery pressures at the point of delivery
over the range 55 psig to 65 psig.
This year, the Company will get 1000 hours/unit for the scheduled and
unscheduled outages Guaranteed Heat rate of CATERPILLAR & WARTSILA
engine respectively is 9630kj/kwh & 8316kj/kwh.

14
 Revenue Assumptions: The PPA will remain valid for 18 years.
As per the PPA, the tariff of the plant has capacity components and energy
components. Both the components have indexation with BDT and USD inflation
index. The tariff structure and the index are dictated by PPA.
As per the PPA for the plant, the revenue will be calculated as per reference rental,
variable O&M and fuel price.
No transmission loss has been assumed as the transmission loss has been passed
on to PBS as per the PPA.
 Cost Assumptions: It is assumed that energy production cost for this
plant will increase due to Foreign Exchange transaction for spare parts.
For the power plant mainly fuel cost, lube oil cost & spare cost are include.
However in subsequent years the spare parts expenses is assumed to be .3% of
the per KWh and fuel consumption cost of proposed budget 2018 accounted for
at 0.7755/KWH. It is also assumed that spare parts expense will increase in line
with Euro exchange rate.
Operational and maintenance expense has been calculated based on historical
experience of the existing. Plant and assumed to be as the percentage as sales

15
4.4 : Chandina Power Plant (SPL) Layout

16
4.5 : Fire Plan for CAT Plant
4.6 : Fire Plan Wartsila Plant

17
4.7 : Single Line Diagram of Chandina 11 MW Plant
4.8 : Single Line Diagram of Chandina 13.5 MW Plant

18
4.9 : Overall Single Line Diagram of SUMMIT Chandina Power Plant
4.10 Energized and De-energized System of Plant
Energized System:
i. Be sure 33KV (PBS GRID) voltage is available for 3phase.
ii. Reset all type of relay and close the line breaker.
iii. Reset all type of relay and close the transformer breaker.
iv. Reset all type of relay and close the 11KV outgoing feeder.
v. Reset all type of relay and close the 11KV incoming breaker to the
auxiliary transformer.
vi. Finally close the LV transformer breaker.
De-energized system:
(De-energized system is the Vice-versa of energized system.)

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TOPICS 05: ENGINE
5 INTRODUCTION:
An Engine is a device which converts heat energy into useful mechanical
work by the combustion of fuel. There are two types of Engine.
1. Internal Combustion Engine (I.C Engine): Combustion takes place inside
the engine cylinder.
a. Gas engine, b. Diesel engine
2. External Combustion Engine (E.C Engine): Combustion takes place outside
the engine cylinder.
a. Steam Engine.
In CNPP, six IC engine are used to produce electricity. Engine Type WÄRTSILÄ
16V34SG, CATERPILLAR G3616 and CATERPILLAR G3516. The engine is
a four-stroke Gas engine. The engine is equipped with turbochargers and
intercoolers. A small part of the auxiliary equipment, including the engine-driven
circulation pumps for lubricating oil and cooling water, is built on the engine. Per
Engine output are 6.97MW (WART), 3.67MW (CAT) and 1.04(Aux.CAT).

20
5.1: Working Principle of Four Stroke IC Gas Engine
Their engine operation is named 4-stroke because the engine does a cycle of
tasks which is separated in 4 stages.
5.1.1 : 1: Intake Stroke:
The piston moves downwards and the intake valve opens up to fill the
chamber with the mixture (gas+ air) while the exhaust valve are closed.
Here is a figure for better understanding.
Fig: (a) Intake Stroke Fig: (b) Compression Stroke
When the piston reaches the lowest position the intake valve will start closing
(because of the crankshaft’s rotation and the springs shown above)
5.1.2 2: Compression Stroke
During this stroke, the cylinder looks like this: Both intake and exhaust valves
are closed and the piston moves to TDC from BDC to compresses the mixture
of air and gas.

21
5.1.3 3: Power Stroke
Once again, both intake and exhaust valves are closed and the piston is at
the top of the combustion chamber. The third stroke is when the spark
plug ignites the mixture.
Fig: (c) Power Stroke Fig (b) Exhaust Stroke
Of course, here is important to have a homogeneous mixture of gas/air to
have the best ignition. The pressure from the released exhaust gases of this
ignition will force the piston move downwards.
5.1.4 4: Exhaust Stroke:
In this stroke intake valve remain close and exhaust valve remain open. The
piston moves from BDC to TDC to exhaust the gas.

22
This figure represents the overall working principle of four stroke IC gas
engine.
5.2: Main parts of IC Engine
Engine Block: The engine block is cast in one piece. The main bearings are
under‐slung. The main bearing cap is supported by two hydraulically tensioned
main bearing screws and two horizontal side screws. The cooling water header is
cast into the engine block. The crankcase covers, made of light weight metal, are
sealed against the engine block by means of rubber seals. The lubricating oil sump
is welded.
Figure: Engine block of IC Engine

23
Cylinder liner: The cylinder liners are designed with high collars and drilled
cooling holes. The coo ling effect is optimized to maintain the correct temperature
on the inner surface.
Figure: Cylinder liner
Main bearing: The main bearings are tri-metal bearings and can be removed by
lowering the main bearing cap. A hydraulic jack is provided for every main
bearing to lower and lift the main bearing cap.
Piston: The piston upper part ring grooves are hardened. Cooling oil enters the
cooling space through connecting rod. The cooling spaces are designed to give an
optimal shaker effect. Part of the oil going to the cooling space is led to piston
skirt lubrication through nozzles situated in the piston.
Figure: Piston

24
Connecting rod: The connecting rods are drop forged. The design is a three piece
marine design. The small end bearing is stepped to achieve large bearing surfaces.
Fig: Connecting Rod
Crankshaft: The crankshaft is forged in one piece and balanced by
counterweights as required.
Big end bearing: The big end bearings are tri-metal bearings.
Piston ring: The piston ring set consists of two chrome-plated compression rings
and one chrome-plated, spring-loaded oil scraper ring.

25
Cylinder head: The cylinder head, made of special cast iron, is fixed by four
hydraulically tensioned screws. The head is of the double deck design and cooling
water is forced from the periphery towards the Centre thereby ensuring efficient
cooling to the important areas.
Figure: Cylinder head
Inlet valve: The inlet valves are stellate plated and the stems are chromium
plated. The valve seat rings are made of a special cast iron alloy and are
changeable.
Exhaust valve: The exhaust valves seal against the directly cooled valve seat
rings. The valves are made of Nimonic in engines using fuel or they have stellate
seats and chromium- plated stems in case of using MDO. The seat rings, made of
a corrosion and pitting resistant material, are replaceable.
Figure: Inlet and Exhaust valve
Camshaft:
The camshafts are made up from one-cylinder sections with integrated cams. The
bearing journals are separate pieces and thus it is possible to remove a camshaft
piece sideways.

26
Flywheel:
A flywheel is a fairly heavy steel wheel attached to the rear end of the crankshaft.
Absorbs and releases kinetic energy of piston strokes -> smoothest rotation of
crankshaft. It is also used as a part of clutch mechanism and fluid drive unit. It
has teeth on its outer edge to mesh with the electric cranking motor driven pinion
when the engine is being cranked to start it. The size of the flywheel depends
upon the number of cylinders and the general construction of the engine.
5.3: Moving and Stationary Parts of IC Engine
Moving parts:
1. Piston
2. Piston ring
3. Piston pin
4. Connecting rod
5. Crank Shaft
6. Cam Shaft
7. Bush and Big-end bearing
8. Intake and Exhaust valve
9. Flywheel
10. Crankshaft gear
11. Camshaft gear
Stationary parts:
1. Cylinder block
2. Cylinder head
3. Gasket
4. Crank case
5. Main bearing
6. Intake manifold
7. Exhaust manifold

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5.4: Pre-check Inspection and Engine Starting Procedure
(CATERPILLAR)
1. Check Lube oil level (Must be full level at stopped condition).
2. Check water level (minimum J/W -350mm and AC/OC-400mm).
3. Check bearing oil level (Above 50%).
4. Check hydraulic oil level (Above add level).
5. Check switchgear room all chargers is ok (i.e: in operating condition.)
6. Radiator fan and belt are in proper operating condition.
7. ESS panel display no alarm.
8. Freeness Fuel, Waste gate and air choke actuator.
9. Battery voltage shows at proper level (24VDC) on SCM display.
10. Check the gas valve is open and also pressure is minimum 3.5 bars.
11. Start the starting air compressor.
12. Check the starting air valve is open and the pressure is minimum 15 bars.
13. Pre-lubricating the alternator bearing oil.
14. Keep the ESM panel board start/stop switch in auto position.
15. Then start/stop switch move to ON position from control panel.
16. If the jacket water temperature rise minimum 50 ⁰C, the GCP lockout relay
should be reset then the synchronization switch is remained in auto position
and the generator breaker switch move to close position.
17. The maximum load of this alternator is 3.67MW.But during starting time
the load should be kept in 1000KW and increasing gradually depends on
the load.

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5.5: Pre-check Inspection and Engine Starting Procedure (WARTSILA)
1. Check LT cooling water inlet valve is open.
2. Check LT cooling water outlet valve is open.
3. Check HT cooling water inlet valve is open.
4. Check HT cooling water outlet valve is open.
5. Check HT circuit/Jacket cooling water is fill up.
6. Check leakage of cooling water, lube oil and fuel.
7. Check drain pipes of the air cooler(s) are open.
8. Check lube oil level with deep stick. (16 standard, 18 Max. 14Min)
9. Power supply to the instrument control is on.
10. Water pre-heating pump switch on.
11. Pre-lubricating pump switched in auto mode.
12. Check main fuel supply valve is open and pressure is minimum 4.2 bars.
13. Check instrument air valve is open and pressure is minimum 7 bars.
14. Check starting air valve is open and pressure is minimum 20 bars.
15. Dryer should be ON.
16. Engage turning gear with flywheel to rotate it by electric motor
17. After 10 minutes the turning gear is disengaged.
18. All indicator valve closed.
19. Then provides the start command from computer monitor
5.6: System of CATERPILLER Engine:
5.6.1 : Air Starting System
An air starting motor can be used in order to turn engine flywheel with enough rpm
in order to start engine operation of the air starting motor is controlled by engine
supervisory system. The air starting motor will engage when the requirement of pre
-lube have been met.
The starting motor is usually mounted on the left side of the engine. Air is
normally contained in a storage tank. The following condition will determine the
length of time that the engine flywheel can be turned: the volume of the tank, the
air pressure in the tank and the amount of the restriction in the system.
For starting the engine which do not have heavy load, the regulator setting is
approximately 1034KPa(150PSi).This setting gives good relationship between
the cranking speed that are the fast enough for starting and the length of time that
the air starting motor can turn the engines flywheel before the air supply is gone

29
5.6.3 : Air inlet and Exhaust System
Clean air inlet from the air cleaners is pulled through the air inlet into the
turbocharger compressor by the turbocharger compressor wheel. The rotation of
the turbocharger compressor wheel causes the air to compress. The rotation of the
turbocharger compressor wheel then forces the air to the after cooler. The after
cooler lowers the temperature of the compressed air before the air enters the air
plenum. This cooled and compressed air fills the air plenum. The air fills the inlet
chamber in the cylinder heads. Air flow from the inlet chamber into the cylinder
is controlled by the inlet valves. Fuel (gas) flow into the cylinder is controlled by
the gas admission valve. There are five values in each cylinder head. There is one
gas admission valve, two inlet valves and two exhaust valves for each cylinder.
The cooled, compressed air is pulled into the cylinder from the inlet chamber
along with the gas that is supplied by gas admission valve. After burning gas and
air mixture, Exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold causes the turbocharger
turbine wheel to turn. The turbine wheel is connected to the shaft that drives the
compressor wheel. Depending on the speed and load requirement of the engine,
exhaust gases are directed either through the exhaust outlet to the turbocharger or
through the exhaust bypass (waste gate) valve. The waste gate actuator provides
the inlet manifold air pressure. This is based on a command signal that the
actuator receives from ECM.

30
5.6.4 : Lubricating oil System
The lubrication system uses external engine oil pump. The engine oil pump
mounted on the front left side of the front housing. Oil is pulled through suction
bell and suction tube by the engine oil pump, there is a screen between the suction
bell and tube.
The engine oil pump pushes oil to the relief valve and the ports on the bypass
valve of the priority valve. The relief valve opens in order to send back the oil to
the engine sump when the pressure exceeds (1000Kpa). The bypass valve opens
to send back the oil to the engine sump when the main oil gallery pressure exceeds
430Kpa.The engine oil pump also pushes the oil through temp. Regulator
housing. Oil flows from the engine oil cooler through the engine oil filter change
valve to the engine oil filters. From the engine oil filters oil flows through the
priority valve into the oil gallery and the cylinder block.
The engine oil filters contains six replaceable oil filter elements. There are two
banks of filter elements with three piece of filters element.
The main oil gallery is connected to the crankshaft bearing by a drilled passage
in the cylinder block. Drilled hole in the crankshaft connects the main bearing oil
supply to the connecting rod bearings.

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5.6.5 : Fuel System
To ensure a precise regulation of fuel flow on 3600 engines carburetors are not
used. Fuel flow is control electronically in order to maintain precise control of the
fuel delivery to the engine. Fuel system contains following components. A gas
shutoff valve, a fuel control valve, an electronic actuator, a fuel manifold, a gas
admission valve, a needle valve, a check valve and a pre-combustion chamber.
Gas is delivered to the engine through a customer supplied Regulator .Fuel
pressure must be 310plus-minus14kpa (45plus-minus2) and the fuel pressure
must be regulated 1.7kpa (25psi).The regulator is connected with a gas shutoff
valve which is controlled by engine controlled module (ECM).
Control valve which is controlled by the electronic actuator regulates the gas
pressure in the fuel manifold. The electronic actuator controls the fuel manifold
pressure. This control is based on a signal which is received from the ECM. The
control module determines the signal. The signal is based on the difference
between actuator engine RPM and the desired RPM. Engine speed is control by
the fuel manifold pressure. The fuel manifold supplies gas to all cylinders.
Each cylinder has an orifice fuel line that is connected to the fuel manifold. The
fuel line delivers gas to the fuel admission valve and from the gas admission valve
to the main combustion chamber; A separate fuel line and an adjustable needle
valve provide a new supply of the gas to the pre-combustion chamber.

32
5.6.6 : Cooling system
Jacket water cooling system:
The right side water pumps pulls coolant from the expansion tank through coolant
inlet. Coolant from the right side water pump flow to the side of cylinder block
through elbows. The coolant jacket water flow through the cylinder. The coolant
flows around the cylinder liners from the bottom to the top. Coolant from the top
of the liners flows into the cylinder head which sends the coolant around the parts
that have the hottest temperature. Coolant flows out of the cylinder head through
an elbow into the water manifold. The coolant through the manifold to the coolant
outlet the coolant exits the outlet and flows through a remote mounted water
temperature regulator and the heat exchanger. The coolant then flows back to the
expansion tank.

33
Air and Oil Cooling System:
In separate circuit cooling system, the left side water pump pulls coolant from
the heat exchanger through inlet. Coolant flow from the left side water pump
flows to the engine oil cooler bonnet. Part of the coolant is sent to the engine oil
coolers while the rest of the coolant flows through the after cooler and the engine
oil coolers, the coolant returns to the heat exchanger through mixer housing and
coolant outlet to the radiator.

34
5.6.7 : Ignition System
A timing control module (TCM) control the ignition system of Caterpillar engine.
TCM is connected with main power supply (24v) from battery and camshaft
position sensors. Camshaft position determines the position of camshaft i.e.
which piston of crankshaft is in firing order. Then TCM accepts the signal and by
calculating this signal it provides power supply to those cylinder buffers. An
ignition transformer takes these voltages from buffer and converted it into 14 to
22 KV which is transmitted through spark plug to create a spark in its electrodes.
5.6.8 : System of WARTSILA
Engine 5.8.1: Air Starting System
The engine is started with compressed air of maximum 30 bars. Minimum air
pressure required is 15 bars and the (WECS) Wartsila engine control system gives
an alarm for low starting air pressure at this level. The air starting pipe is provided
with a flame arrestor after the main starting valve .The main starting valve is
activated by the WECS control system. When the main starting valve opens, the
starting air passes through starting air distributor .The distributor guides control
air to staring valves in those cylinder that are in working phase. V- engines have
starting valve only on the A-bank. When rotation of crankshaft rises up to rpm
then air starting valve will be closed.
As a precaution the engine cannot be stated when the turning gear is engaged.
Starting air to the distributor is led through a blocking valve, mechanically
blocked when the turning gear is engaged, thus preventing start.
5.6.9 : Air Inlet and Exhaust System

35
Fresh airs from charge air filter enter by two turbocharger for A and B bank
through silencer. As this air compressed by TC (Turbo Charger), that’s why it is
heated and needed to cool.so it is passed through charge air cooler. After cooling
it enter to the cylinder. After completing combustion, exhaust is outer by exhaust
manifold through TC. A silencer is also remained in exhaust gas line to minimize
exhaust gas sound and finally go to exhaust gas stack. Waste gate is used to
control intake air bypassing exhaust gas. Exhaust gas venting removes the
remaining exhaust gas during stopping the engine.
5.6.10 : Lubricating Oil System
For lubricating oil system, there are two pumps .One is main pump and another
is pre-lube pump. Pre-lube pump run when the engine remain stopped for some
time depend on how much time engine was stopped .Main pump is automatically
run with the engine start as this pump directly connected with crankshaft.
Lubrication oil system is mainly used for friction removing, cooling the engine
parts and removing dust from engine. At first the main pump sucks this oil by
strainer from engine oil sump. A filter is used for filtering this oil then it passes
in various moving parts into the engine like crankshaft bearing, camshaft bearing,
rocker arm, piston, inlet and outlet valve. To remove oil temperature, oil is cooled
by LT water. There is three ways thermostatic valve used for passing oil without
cooling when no needed to cool. At last this oil come back into sump with better
high temperature.

36
5.6.11 : Fuel System
Gas supply is divided into two lines after passing through main mechanically shut
off valve and filters. One is main combustion chamber (MCC) and another one is
pre combustion chamber (PCC) of engine. Filter removes waste and dark from
gas by collecting them. There is one regulator both in MCC and PCC which is
operated by IP converter. IP converter is such a device that if there provide current
as input, air pressure will be get as a output. By this air pressure gas regulator is
controlled. There are two safety shut off valve in both MCC and PCC which is
also operated by IP converter. Safety shut off valves used for emergency electrical
shutdown. Gas moisture is got out by gas vent.

37
5.6.12 : Cooling System
For cooling system, there are two circuits in WARTSILA engine. One is LT and
another is HT.LT pump suck water from radiator to charge air cooler secondary
side, Lube oil and charge air cooler primary side. After cooling these, it goes to
HT line by HT pump and flow through cylinder head, cylinder liner, and
turbocharger respectively. There is a thermostatic valve in outgoing HT line. If
HT water temperature remain in bearable temperature it back to HT line,
otherwise to radiator. There are another thermostatic valve in LT line. If LT and
HT water remain in bearable temperature, it goes to LT line without going to
radiator. A preheater pump is connected with HT line to increase cooling water
temperature if it goes below 50deg C.A water tank is connected with LT line
because of providing water during lack of water in cooling line. The producing
vapor in cooling line gets together into this tank.
5.6.13 : Ignition System
The main power supply is provided into the main control module (MCM).There
are two Wartsila Coil Driver (WCD) in each engine. MCM collects signal from
camshaft position sensor and by calculating this signal to WCD which step up
24v into 380v and transfer it to ignition coil of this cylinder. Ignition transformer
step up this voltage into 12kv which is flowing through spark plug to create
sparking between electrodes.

38
5.7: Engine Protection System
Sensor List:
CATERPILLER WARTSILA
1 CMS Unfiltered engine oil pressure
sensor
Turbocharger Speed Sensor
2 SCM engine oil temperature sensor Pressure Sensor Engine Inlet
3 SCM filtered engine oil pressure
sensor
Temperature Sensor Engine inlet
4 Oil Level Switch Oil Level Switch
5 Pre-lube Oil Pressure Sensor Lube Oil Pressure Sensor
6 Starting air pressure Sensor Pressure Sensor for Main Gas
7 Jacket Water Temperature Sensor Pressure Sensor for Pilot Gas
8 AC/OC Inlet temp. Sensor Temperature Sensor for HT water,
Jacket Outlet
9 Hydras pressure switch Pressure Sensor for HT water, Jacket
Outlet
10 Exhaust gas temperature sensor Pressure Sensor for LT Water, CAC
inlet
11 Inlet Air Temperature Sensor Temperature Sensor for LT Water,
CAC inlet
12 Inlet Air Restriction Sensor (Right) Pressure Sensor for Starting air
13 Inlet Air Restriction Sensor (Left) Exhaust gas temperature sensor
14 Air/Fuel Pressure Module Temperature Sensor for Charge Air,
TC inlet
15 Choke Actuator Position Sensor Temperature Sensor for Charge Air,
Engine inlet
16 Waste gate Position Sensor Pressure Sensor for Charge Air
17 Fuel Temperature Sensor Position Sensor for Turning Gear
18 Fuel Actuator Position Sensor Engine Speed Sensor
19 Gas Shutoff Valve Engine Phase Sensor
20 Detonation Sensor Pressure Sensor for Crankcase
21 Generator winding temp L1 Knock Sensor
22 Generator winding temp L2 Liner Temperature Sensor
23 Generator winding temp L3 Main bearing Temperature Sensor
24 Generator bearing temp, DE Generator winding temp L1
25 Generator bearing temp, NDE Generator winding temp L2
26 Generator winding temp L3
27 Generator bearing temp, DE
28 Generator bearing temp, NDE

39
TOPICS 06: ALTERNATOR
6.1: Introduction
Alternators are synchronous machines used to convert mechanical energy to
electrical energy. Engine flywheel is coupled to an alternator. An alternator is a
device that works with the engine's crankshaft to convert the otherwise wasted
up-and-down motion of the pistons in an engine into circular motion where it can
then be converted to alternating current. The alternator produces the electricity.
The electrical output is transferred to the bus bars through transformer, circuit
breaker and isolators. The general construction of an alternator is simple. A pulley
connects the crankshaft of the engine to the rotor shaft of the alternator. As the
crankshaft rotates, so does the rotor shaft. The rotor shaft extends all the way
through the center of the rotor which causes the entire rotor to rotate at very fast
speeds. As the rotor turns, the magnet that is built upon it interacts with metal
linings that surround
Figure: Alternator
The rotor. These metal linings force the magnet to switch from North to South
Pole repeatedly. This alternating pattern generates a magnetic field that creates a
voltage in the stator, a metal encasing that collects energy from the magnetic field.
The electricity is then passed through a series of buffers and diodes to regulate
the amount of current that is passed to the substation.

40
Figure: Alternator operation
6.2: Operation Concept
The rotor is supplied by DC current if that generates a DC flux Ф. The rotor is
driven by a turbine or engine flywheel with a constant speed of ns. The rotating
field flux induces a voltage in the stator winding. The frequency of the induced
voltage depends upon the speed. The frequency speed relation is f= (p/120)n=
pn/120, p is the number of poles. Typical rotor speeds are 3600 rpm for 2 pole,
1800 rpm for 4 pole and 450 rpm for 16 poles.
6.3: Types of Synchronous Generator
According to the arrangement of the field and armature windings, synchronous
machines may be classified as:
01. Rotating Armature Type : The armature winding is on the rotor and the
field system is on the stator
02. Rotating Field Type: The armature winding is on the stator and the field
system is on the rotor.
According to the shape of the field, synchronous machines may be classified as:
01. Non salient pole (Cylindrical rotor) machines
02. Salient pole machines
Non salient Pole Machine: The stator is a ring shaped laminated iron‐core with
slots. Three phase windings are placed in the slots. Round solid iron rotor with
slots. A single winding is placed in the slots. DC current is supplied through slip
rings.
Salient Pole Machines: The stator has a laminated iron‐core with slots and three

41
phase windings placed in the slots. The rotor has salient poles excited by dc
current. DC current is supplied to the rotor through slip rings and brushes. The
number of poles varies between 2 ‐ 128.
6.4: Stator Construction
The winding consists of copper bars insulated with mica and epoxy resin. The
conductors are secured by steel wedges. The iron core is supported by a steel
housing. The coils are placed in slots. Coil end windings are bent to form the
armature winding.
Figure: Stator construction
6.5: Rotor
Rotor is the rotating part of alternator. When the rotor rotates, the stator
conductors (being stationary) are cut by the magnetic flux, hence they have
induced e.m.f. produced in them. Because the magnetic poles are alternately, they
induce an e.m.f. and hence current in armature conductors, which first flows in
one direction and then in the other Hence, an alternating e.m.f. is produced in the
stator conductors whose frequency depends on the number of N and S poles
moving past a conductor in one second and whose direction is given by Fleming's
Right-hand rule.
Round Rotor: The round rotor is used for large high speed (3600rpm) machines.
A forged iron core (not laminated, DC) is installed on the shaft. Slots are milled
in the iron and insulted copper bars are placed in the slots. The slots are closed by
wedges and re‐enforced with steel rings.

42
Figure: Round rotor
Salient pole rotor: The poles are bolted to the shaft. Each pole has a DC winding.
The DC winding is constructed to the slip‐rings. A DC source supplies the
winding with DC through brushes pressed into the slip ring. A fan is installed on
the shaft to assure air circulation and effective cooling. Low speed, large hydro‐
generators may have more than one hundred poles. These generators are
frequently mounted vertically.
6.6: Field Excitation and Exciters
DC field excitation is an important part of the overall design of a synchronous
generator .The field excitation a stable must ensure not only AC terminal voltage,
but must also respond to sudden load changes. Rapid field excitation response is
important.
Three methods of excitation
1. Slip rings link the rotor’s field winding to an external dc source
2. A dc generator is built on the same shaft as the ac generator’s rotor. A
commentator rectifies the current that is sent to the field winding.
3. By brushless exciter an ac generator with fixed field winding and a rotor with
a three phase circuit. Diode/SCR rectification supplies dc current to the field
windings
6.7: Generator protection
To protect the generator, the generator breaker is tripped by the generator
protection relay in case of a fault. The generator protection relay includes a
number of protection functions, such as:
1. Over current
2. Overvoltage/under voltage

43
3. Over frequency/under frequency
4. Reverse power
5. Earth fault
6. Loss of excitation
7. Differential protection
6.8: Specification of CNPP’s (Wartsila) Alternator
Specifications of Wartsila Alternator (CNPP)

44
TOPICS 07: VOLTAGE SYSTEM IN
POWER PLANT
7.1.0: Types of Voltage System
The electrical system of the power plant makes three voltage levels.
Such as:
01. Low voltage (LV)
02. Medium voltage (MV)
03. High voltage (HV)
7.1.1: Low voltage system
The station service system distributes low-voltage power in the power plant, such
as pumps, fans, light and heaters. The power for the internal consumption of the
power plant is supplied from the medium voltage system through station service
transformers. The power to the auxiliary units in the power plant is distributed by
a cubicle type switchboard. The LV system includes several bus bar sections for
distribution of power to engine-specific and common consumers. The bus bars
are connected by circuit breakers. A black start generator is connected to the LV
switchgear. The black start generator is used to supply power to the LV system
in startup situations when the main switchgear is not energized. The low voltage
system also supplies power to the DC system of the power plant.
Figure: LV Room

45
7.1.2: Medium Voltage System
The medium voltage system distributes the power supplied by the generators. Each generator is
connected to the MV system through a circuit breaker. The MV switchgear is of air- insulated
type, and it consists of a number of circuit breaker and connected to the MV bus bar. The MV
system includes circuit breakers for the generator and outgoing feeders and elements for bus
bar measurements. The MV system is connected to station service transformers for supplying
low voltage power for the internal consumption.
Outgoing feeder supply power to the power transformer rated at 11/33kv external PBS 33kv
line. In figure just one unit consisting two generator are shown. There are two units consisting
four generators in CATERPILLAR and two generators in WARTSILA.
Figure: MV Room

46
7.1.3: High Voltage System
High voltage is considered any value worth more than 1500 volts AC. High
voltage is used in long distance electric transmission networks to reduce losses
and cables section, because if the network voltage is increased, intensity will be
reduce to carry the same power.
In CNPP high voltage is 33kv. Generator generates 11kv. The 11kv line is
connected to 11/33kv power transformer. Transformer step up the 11kv to 33KV.
Then the 33KV is transmitted and the transmission line is connected to PBS
33KV line.
7.2: DC system
The DC system supplies power independently of the main power system. DC
power is used for the control and automation system, the protection relays and the
switchgear control circuits. The battery power supply ensures that the control
system remains in operation in case of a failure in the AC-based station service
system. The DC system provides power for the control, automation, protection
and alarm systems required to ensure safe shutdown of the plant in a blackout
situation. The control and protection equipment of the power plant uses DC power
at two different voltage levels. The engine control system is supplied by a 24
VDC system, while DC power of 110 V is used by, for instance, the switchgear
control circuits. The DC system converts AC power supplied from the low voltage
switchgear into the DC power needed for the control system components.

47
Fig: Battery Charger panel (LV room)
Figure: Charger & Battery

48
TOPICS 08: SWITCHGEAR
8.1 : Introduction
The equipment used for switching, controlling, and protecting the electrical
circuit and equipment is known as switchgear. The switchgear equipment is
essentially concerned with switching and interrupting currents either under
normal or abnormal operating condition.
Every electric circuit needs a switching device and a protective device. The
switching and protective devices have been developed in various forms.
Switchgear is a general term covering a wide range of equipment concerned with
switching and protection. A circuit breaker is a switching and current interrupting
device in switchgear. The circuit breaker serves two basic purposes.
01. Switching during normal operating condition for the purpose of operation
and maintenance
02. Switching during abnormal condition such as short circuit and
interrupting the fault currents.
8.2 : Essential Features of Switchgear
01. Complete reliability
02. Absolutely certain discrimination
03. Quick operation
04. Provision for manual control
05. Provision for
instruments
8.3: Elements of switchgear
8.3.1 : CATERPILLAR MV Room
1) Three generator breaker (VCB)
2) One 11kv outgoing breaker (VCB) and
3) One aux. transformer breaker (VCB)

49
8.3.2 : WARTSILA MV room
1) Two generator breaker (SF6)
2) Two bus coupler (SF6)
3) One 11kv outgoing breaker (SF6)
4) One isolator
5) One Aux. transformer breaker
(SF6) In substation,
6) One transformer breaker (VCB) & one line breaker (VCB), (CATTERPILLER)
7) One transformer breaker (VCB) & one line breaker (VCB), (WARTSILA)
8) Six CT (Current Transformer) & six PT (Potential Transformer) (CATTERPILLER)
9) Six CT (Current Transformer) & six PT (Potential Transformer) (WARTSILA)

50
TOPICS 09: SUB-STATION
9.1: Introduction
A substation is an important part of an electrical generation, transmission, and
distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the
reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Electric power may
flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and its
voltage may change in several steps.
9.2: Classification of Sub-station
01. According to service requirement
a. Transformer sub-station
b. Switching sub-station
c. Power factor correction sub-station
d. Frequency change sub-station
e. Converting sub-station
f. Industrial sub-station
02. According to constructional features
a. Indoor sub-station
b. Outdoor sub-station
c. Underground sub-station
d. Pole-mounted sub-station
After generation of electricity it distribute to the auxiliary substation for
consumers needed. Because, generated electricity voltage 11 KV is not suitable
for all consumers (especially to the house hold) and also if 11 KV line is used for
long transmission, than it will not be efficient, so we need a substation which will
convert voltage level in a satisfactory level. So in substation generated voltage is
categorized for the demand of distribution. In Summit Power plant generated
electricity is 11 KV and it is transformed to 33 KV and as well as 440V line. 440
V line is used for transmit electricity for auxiliary system. Two types of substation
in here. They are:
1. PBS substation
2. Auxiliary substation

51
Figure: CNPP Sub Station
9.3: Single line Diagram of Substation
Figure: Single line diagram

52
Single hand diagram of a substation is the sketch of total substation that denotes
how equipment’s are arranged in the field. It is helpful for understand the total
system because it’s gives a total overview about the system. The single hand
diagram of CNPL substation is given below-
33 KV line is used for transmission to PBS. That means, Transformers is one of
the most important equipment of Power Station. But, the working area of
substation is not only changing voltage level but it also ensures the security of
bus bar. The substation in CNPP is an outdoor type, step up, single bus bar type
substation.
9.4: Substation Equipment
01. Transformer
02. Circuit Breaker
03. Relay
04. Earthling System
05. Sensitive Earth fault
06. Lightning Arrester
07. Isolator
08. Bus bar
09. Transmission Line
9.4.1 : Transformer
A transformer is a static piece of apparatus by means of which electric power in
one circuit is transformed into electric power of the same frequency in another
circuit. It can rise or over the voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding decrease
or increase in current. The physical basis of a transformer is mutual induction
between two circuits linked by a common magnetic flux. In its simplest form, it
consists of two inductive coils which are electrically separated but magnetically
linked through a path of low reluctance. In CNPP there are three type of
transformer are used.
I. Power Transformer
II. Auxiliary Transformer
III. Instrument Transformer
a. Current Transformer
b. Potential Transformer

53
9.4.1.1 : Power transformer
A major application of transformers is to increase voltage before transmitting
electrical energy over long distances through wires. Wires have resistance and so
dissipate electrical energy at a rate proportional to the square of the current
through the wire. By transforming electrical power to a high-voltage (and
therefore low-current) form for transmission and back again afterward,
transformers enable economical transmission of power over long distances. In
CNPP there are two power transformers. All the transformer is three phase
transformer. EnergyPac are the main suppliers of transformer. The ratings of the
Power Transformer are given:

54
Figure: Power Transformer
9.4.1.2 : Auxiliary Transformer
Auxiliary transformer is used for internal consumption of power plant. For
internal consumption they need 400V line. That’s why they use 11KV/400V
transformer. There are two auxiliary transformers. One for CATERPILAR and
another for WARTSILA.

55
9.4.1.3 : Instrument Transformer
a. Current Transformer: In CNPP, we have seen various types of Current
Transformers. CT is used for measuring the current of electric equipment.
It is a step down transformer. For the safety of the system, current
transformer’s secondary winding checked regularly, because if it gets
unloaded or open, then it can create arc, which is harmful.
Figure: Current Transformer
b. Potential Transformer: CNPP use outdoor type 33 KV rated voltage
Potential transformer. Potential transformer mainly used for protective
relaying purpose and operation of other instruments such as ammeter,
voltmeter and watt meter etc.
9.5: Transformer Protection
01. Buchholz relay
02. Earth fault relay
03. Differential relay
9.6: Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker is a protective device which protects electric load devices and
electric power cables from a large fault current caused by an electrical shortage
and a ground fault that can be generated on an electrical circuit. It also performs
the breaking operation automatically when such fault current is generated. When
the fault current occurs, then electric circuits detect the leakage current and give
a trip signal. Circuit breaker may include an electronic trip unit that senses the
over rated current. If it sense that the over current is flowing through the circuit,
then in response of trip signal, it will separate breaker contacts. Circuit breaker
can be of many types. It is mainly divided on the basis of voltage level,

56
construction type, interruption type and their structures. They are Low Voltage
Circuit Breaker, High Voltage Circuit Breaker, Magnetic Circuit Breaker, and
Thermal Circuit Breaker.
In CNPP, there are many types of circuit breaker are used but the major three
circuit breaker is SF6, VCB and ACB by different voltage level. SF6 circuit
breaker used for medium voltage or 11kv, VCB used for both medium or 11kv
and high voltage or33kv and Air circuit breaker used for 440V.

57

58
9.7: Grounding system
A grounding system helps control the electrical potential of conductors relative
to the Earth's surface. In power plants, grounding systems are very important in
controlling voltage fluctuations during power generation. Grounding systems use
the Earth as one of the voltage wires for the grid. The Earth's neutral potential
state prevents the completion of a dangerous current circuit and ensures the safety
of the plant. The grounding can be divided into the three areas with respect to
purpose:
01. Neutral Grounding
02. The System Grounding
03. The Equipment Grounding
Advantage of Grounding system:
01. Increase Safety
02. Bulwark against Lightning
03. Over current Protection
9.7.1 : Neutral Grounding
The process of connecting neutral point of 3-phase to earth either directly or
through some circuit element is called neutral grounding. Neutral grounding
provides protection to personal and equipment. It is because during earth fault,
the current path is completed through the earthed neutral and the protective
devices operate to isolate the faulty conductor from the rest of the system.
Method of Neutral Grounding: The methods commonly used for grounding the
neutral point of a 3-phase system are:
01. Solid or Effective Grounding
02. Resistance Grounding
03. Reactance Grounding
Advantage of Neutral Grounding:
01. Voltages of the healthy phase do not exceed to ground voltage i.e. they
remain nearly constant.
02. The high voltages due to arcing grounds are eliminated.
03. The protective relays are can be used to provide protection against earth fault.
04. The over voltage due to lightning are discharged to earth.
05. It provides greater safety to personnel and equipment.
06. It provides improved service reliability.

59
9.7.2 : System Grounding
The process of some electrical part of the power system to earth i.e. soil is called
System grounding.
9.7.3 : Equipment Grounding
The process of non-current carrying metal parts of the electrical equipment to
earth that in case of insulation failure the enclosure effectively remain at earth
potential is called Equipment grounding
9.8: Sensitive Earth fault
The sensitive earth fault relay is a protective device that works by measuring the
residual current across the three phases in a system. This is done using a Core
Balance Current Transformer. In the ideal condition, the residual current will be
zero as all the currents flow through the three wires and their magnetic fields
cancel each other out. In the event of a fault, the residual current over the three
phases will not be equal to zero as the current from the faulted phase flows
through the earth. The sensitive earth fault protection is usually used in alternators
and transformers with high resistance grounding. High resistance grounding
restricts the earth fault current to less than 10A. High resistance grounding
enables electrical systems to continue running when one of the phases is faulted.
This prevents interruptions to the power supply. This kind of earthing system
provides time to identify and isolate the fault.
9.9: Lighting Arrester
Lighting Arrester is used for giving protection equipment’s of substations from
lighting surge at CNPP substation. Lightning is a huge spark and takes place when
clouds are charged to such a high potential with respect to ground or earth.
Lightning arrester is also known as surge arrester. It has a high voltage terminal
and a ground terminal. Under the normal condition lightning arrester does not
work but when the high voltage or thunder strike occur then air insulation of the
gap breaks and arc is formed for providing a low resistance path for surge the
ground. In this way the excess charge is grounded.

60
9.10: Isolator
In Substation, it is often desired to disconnect a part of the system for general
maintenance and repairs. This is accomplished by an isolating switch or isolator.
An isolator is essentially a knife switch and is designed to open a circuit under no
load. In other word, isolator switches are operated only when the lines in which
they are connected carry no current.
9.11: Bus Bar
Bus bar is used to carry a very large current or to distribute current to multiple
devices within switchgear or equipment. There are several types of bus bar like
single bus bar, double bus bar, double bus bar with reserved bus bar, ring bus bar
etc. CNPP used single bus bar. Because, CNPP is a generation company, it
generates power and distributes to the grid. If any generator need power for
starting then it collect the power from the grid by bus bar.
9.11.1: Bus bar Protection
01. Differential Protection
02. Fault Bus Protection
9.12: Transmission Line
Transmission line is needed for transmit the electricity that produced from the
power plant. In CNPP after producing the electricity it is given to the transmission
line for distribution.
9.12.1: Transmission Line Protection
01. Time graded over current Protection
02. Differential Protection
03. Distance Protection

61
9.13: Auxiliary substation
There are two step-down transformers in SUMMIT Chandina Power Plant which
convert 11KV into 440V for internal consumption. The specifications of this
transformer are given below:-

62
TOPICS 10: CONTROL SYSTEM
10.1 : Control Room
Control room is a unit in which all the operation of power plant is controlled.
Figure: Control room
10.2 : Electrical and Control system description
Control system is most important part of any power station. Power plant’s
control system may be divided in four parts.
01. Operation Mood
02. Control Panels
03. PLC System
04. Control Function

63
10.2.1 : Operation Mood
a) Grid operation: If the generating set is in parallel with the grid, the grid will
determine the frequency and voltage. Any fluctuation in grid voltage or frequency
is followed by the generating set. An increase or decrease in the output of the
generating set does not affect the network frequency or voltage, provided that the
power plant is relatively small compared to the total network capacity.
Parallel/Grid operation requires that the generating set is synchronized with the
grid.
b)Island operation: In island operation mode, the power plant remain isolated
from grid network. In this operation, there are no needed to make synchronizing
as only one generator generates power for internal consumption.
10.2.2 : Control Panels
In control room,
For WARTSILA, there are three panel board, two for two generator controls and
one for 11kv outgoing feeder breaker and 11kv Auxiliary breaker control.
In 33kv line there are three panel boards for transformer, transformer breaker and
line breaker. There also have a transformer tap changer panel board.
For CATERPILLER, there have four panel board for four generator control and
one for 11kv outgoing feeder breaker and 11kv Auxiliary breaker control.
In 33kv, there have four panel boards for transformer, transformer breaker and
two for two line breakers but one line breaker is now inactive. There also have a
panel board for transformer tap changer.
There also have four panel boards for four generator radiator, ac/oc motor and ventilation
.And one is common for PLC to operate auto.
There are two panel board for LV breaker and ACB .Two panel board one for
33kv lighting, line for extinction, Fire pump, overhead crane, outdoor lighting,
DG incoming and another for changeover switch, compressor, air cooler and
battery charger. There are two panel boards for both Wart and CAT one for
metering system and another for DC supply.

64
10.2.3 : PLC System
The programmable logic controller (PLC) system is the core of the control
system. The PLC system includes a PLC for each generating set, and a common
PLC. Each PLC includes a central processing unit, which contains the control
functions, and a number of I/O cards for collecting and transmitting process
signals. The PLC system controls the operation of the generating sets and some
of the auxiliaries. It collects data, executes controls, generates alarms and
performs measurement scaling’s for the WOIS and WISE terminal.
WOIS: The Wartsila Operator's Interface System (WOIS) provides a user
interface to the PLC system. It consists of a computer with the necessary software,
connected to the control system of the power plant. The WOIS workstation is
mainly used for monitoring the generating sets and the auxiliary systems, while
most of the operations are performed at the control panels. The WOIS includes
various displays for supervision of the plant. Graphic pictures showing status
information and continuously measured values are available for processes related
to different generating sets and common systems. Trend displays are available for
analogue values, and various reports can be used for long-term supervision of the
power plant. The WOIS workstation is also used for alarm handling. An alarm
list shows all active alarms and allows the operator to acknowledge the alarms.
The WOIS workstation is used for monitoring the power plant by visualizing
essential digital and analog information, such as:
01. Active control mode
02. Active engine running status (for instance starting, loading or unloading)
03. Generator power output
04. Breaker positions
05. Temperature and pressure readings and set points for auxiliary systems
06. Possible active de-rating
07. The start conditions and whether they are fulfilled or not.
WISE: The Wartsila Information System Environment (WISE) is used for
follow-up of the power production and the engine condition, as well as for long-
term diagnostics of the engine. The WISE calculates and saves important
measurement values, and allows the operator to view and print reports. The WISE
gets the information from the WOIS. The WISE provides daily reports of various
measured values, such as temperatures. The minimum, maximum and average
values are calculated and stored. The measurements can be viewed as trend
displays, which enables long-term follow-up of the plant performance.

65
10.2.4 : Control Function
The generating set can be controlled in automatic or manual mode. In automatic
mode, which is the normal operating mode, the control system takes care of start
and stop, loading and unloading, and generator output control. The generating set
can be controlled in automatic or manual mode. The main functions of the control
system are:
01. Start and stop of the generating set
02. Synchronization
03. Engine speed and load control
04. Generator output control
05. Control of auxiliary systems
06. Monitoring and alarm handling
07. Safety functions, such as start blocking, shutdown and load reduction.
Start and Stop of Generating Set:
The engine is started from the WOIS workstation or from the manual control unit
on the generating set control panel. When a start command is given, the control
system starts the engine and the necessary auxiliary units. To start an engine all
starting conditions have to be fulfilled. When a stop command is given, the
control system starts to unload the generating set. When the unloading is
complete, the generator breaker is opened and the engine runs unloaded for a
preset time. After the cooling run, the engine is stopped. An emergency stop of
the engine can be activated with a button on the generating set control panel.
Pushing the emergency stop button causes an immediate shutdown of the engine.
Starting Condition of Generating Set:
01. Pre lube oil pressure > 0.5 bar
02. HT water temperature outlet > 450
C
03. Starting air pressure > 15 bar
04. Engine speed = 0
05. Valve power supply > 18VDC
06. Turning gear disengaged
07. WECS ready for start
08. Engine is not running
09. Exhaust gas ventilation

66
10. Stop command inactive
11. Shutdown alarm inactive
12. Tripping alarm inactive
13. Breaker truck in service
14. Pre lubrication performed
15. PLC-WECS communication
Start/Stop sequence:
Synchronization:
Closing a generator breaker or a common circuit breaker when there is voltage
on both sides of the breaker requires that the breaker is synchronized. During the
synchronization, the frequency and the voltage are adjusted to bring the
generating set into synchronism with other generating sets on the same bus bar or
the grid. The synchronization can be performed manually by the operator or
automatically by the control system. The synchronization mode is selected from
the synchronizing control unit on the common control panel. When the generating
set is operated in automatic mode, the synchronization is automatically activated

67
after the start of the engine. In manual mode, the synchronization must be
activated manually. A generator breaker is selected for synchronization with the
"synchronizing" switch in the manual control unit. A common circuit breaker is
selected with the corresponding button in the mimic diagram on the common
control panel. The PLC system checks that the conditions for synchronization are
fulfilled.
Engine speed and load control:
The following engine control modes are available:
Speed droop control: Speed droop mode is the typical control mode for
smaller grids or island operation. In the speed droop control mode, the
generating set shares the load with the grid or other generating sets
according to a linear speed droop curve. The speed droop curve specifies
the speed reduction (droop) at increased engine load. At load changes,
the engine speed reference is adjusted in accordance with the speed droop
curve to maintain the nominal frequency.
KW control: In the kW control mode, the active power of the
generating set is maintained at a preset level irrespective of system load
or frequency. In automatic mode, the operator can enter the power set
point at the WOIS terminal. The active power will be slowly increased to
the set value after the breaker has been closed. In manual mode, the
power is regulated by increasing or decreasing the fuel supply with the
"fuel" switch on the manual control unit.
01. Isochronous control: In the isochronous control mode, the load is
automatically shared with parallel units that are running in automatic mode,
and the aim is to keep the system frequency constant. The engine output is
determined by the system load and cannot be adjusted by the operator.

An internship report on 24.5 mw summit chandina power plant

An internship report on 24.5 mw summit chandina power plant

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