Diploma presentation

1. Neela Tamhane, Ghantali Mitra Mandal, Thane
Cardio- Vascular System
And
Yoga

2. Cardio- Vascular System
Greek
Word
Cardia Kardia HeartGreek
Word
Vascular
Latin
Word
Vasculam Vessels

3. Circulatory system:
 Oxygenated Blood pumped by heart is
carried to all the body cells.
 De oxygenated blood is brought back to
heart through blood vessels.
CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM- (CVS)

4. TYPES OF CIRCULATION
•Pulmonary Circulation- Impure blood from right
atrium to lungs and pure blood from lungs to left
atrium.
 Systemic Circulation- From left ventricle to body
and return to right atrium.
 Portal Circulation, Placental, Neonatal circulation
in pregnancy, Lymphatic, Muscle, Skin, Cerebral,
Liver circulation.

5. To pump blood continuously .
 Supply O2 from lunges to tissues through
RBCs in blood.
 Remove Co2 from tissues through lungs.
 Supply nutrients from digestive system
Functions of CVS

6.  Regulate body temperature.
 Change blood flow as per need of exercise
or the state.
 Distributing hormones to different parts of
body.
 Remove waste products through kidney.
Function of CVS (Continued)

7.  Heart --- The pump.
 Blood vessels --- Network as pipe lines.
 Blood --- Fluid that fills the circulatory system
CV’S Consist of :

8. Heart
Made up of special type of involuntary muscles , help
smooth contraction .
Size of fist, depends upon age, body frame, condition
of health. Weight 300gm (approx)
A powerful, untiring, compact, adjustable pump.
Good blood supply for its constant activities through
the network of coronary arteries.

9. Situated in the thoracic cavity in the space between two lunges.

10. Autonomic Nervous System

13. SA Node, AV Node

14. Special Features of Heart
 SA Node- Pacemaker – Electrical activity.
 Generate rhythmic impulses.
 Regular heart beats
 Av node – bundle of His - conduction tissue.
 Spread impulses with sequence.
 Rhythmic contraction and relaxations due to
conduction - ECG
 Contractibility, conductivity, rhythm are
special properties of heart.

15. Four chambers of the Heart

16. Right Atrium Right Ventricle
Four Chambers of the Heart

17. Left Atrium Left Ventricle
Four Chambers of the Heart

18. Septum

19. Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve
Four Valves

20. Pulmonary Valve Aortic Valve

21. Right---
Impure
blood.
(Deoxygen
ated)
Left---
Pure
blood.
(Oxyge
nated)
Chambers
have
valves
Septum
Upper
chambers
Lower
chambers
Heart – Cardiac Cycle

22. Right Atrium receives
deoxygenated blood- vena
cava
Oxygenated blood returns
to left Atrium - pulmonary
veins.
Both the atrials are
contracted, blood enters
in right and left ventricles.
valves allow blood to flow
in one direction.
Closure of atrio ventricular
valve produce sound
‘Lubb’

23. Both the ventricles
contract
simultaneously
Deoxygenated
blood is pumped to
Pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood
in Aorta.
Closure of Aortic and
Pulmonary Valve
produce sound ‘Dubb’

26. Right Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Pulmonary
Artery
Lungs
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aorta
Body

27. Heart – Cardiac Cycle

28. Branches of Aorta

29. Sensitive
to blood
pressure
Sensitive
to
chemical
changes
On aortic arch

30. Arteries, Vains

32. Arteries:
 Carry oxygenated blood away from heart -
Exception Pulmonary Artery
 Large
 Thick-walled
 Elastic
 Carried under great pressure

33. Capillaries
 Smallest vessel
 Microscopic
 Thin walls
 Nutrients and gases.

34. Veins
 Carries blood that contains waste and
CO2.
 Exception pulmonary vein.
 Blood not under much pressure.
 Tendency to stagnate.

35. Veins
 No pump for return of deoxygenated
blood.
 Valves to prevent much gravity pull.
 Tadasana stretch, vajrasana pressure,
rest in viparit karani mudra.

36. The Blood
C
.
Body consist of 4- 6
liters of blood.
 Blood Consist of:
• Water+ Plasma
• Red Blood cells
• White Blood cells and
Platelets

37. Blood Cells

38. Erythrocytes (RBC)
 Contain Hemoglobin.
 Exchange of Oxygen &
carbon Dioxide.
 RBC are produced in
red bone marrow of
ribs, femur, sternum
 Life of RBC is 120 days.
 Destruction in Liver &
spleen.

39. Leukocytes (WBC)
 Defense
mechanism of
body.
 WBC fight
infection.
 Attack foreign
substances.
 Large cells

40. Platelets
 Help in clotting blood. Clotting in artery is harmful.
 Produced in bone marrow.
 Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers).
 Form a web, trapping blood cells.

41. Blood Clotting
Break in
Capillary Wall
Blood vessels
injured.
Clumping of
Platelets
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen
into fibrin, which causes a clot.
The clot prevents further loss
of blood.

42. Blood Types
 Important in blood donation
 Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion
 Four Types
• A
• B
• AB
• O
• Inherited from your parents

43. Blood Pressure
 It is pressure exerted on walls of artery by blood.
 It is 120/80 mmHg normally.
 Pressure during contraction of ventricle is
systolic. (120 mm Hg)
 Pressure during relaxation of ventricle is
diastolic. (80 mm Hg)

44.  Heart beats 70times/minute refers to heart rate.
 Heart pumps 70ml blood at the time of each
contraction(each beat).
 Thus cardiac output is
70beats/min* 70ml =5 lit/min (approx).
7200 lit to 7500 lit per day.
 Vasomotor Center regulates heart rate.
 Emotions affect heart rate.
Blood Pressure

45. Pulse
Indicates number of
times the heart beats.
Pulse rate is 70-80/min
 Felt at thumb side at
wrist.

46.  Force of heart contraction, Volume of blood
Viscosity of blood increases.
 Lost of elasticity of walls of blood vessels,
peripheral resistance increase.
 Age, sex, time of day, posture, exercise,
emotions, lack of oxygen.
Blood pressure increases due to

47. Stress
Stress in social
field, work place, in
relationship, lack of
exercise.

48. Effects of Stress
Brain
Pituitary Gland
Adrenal Gland
Adrenaline Cortisone
Increased B.P. Increased Blood
Sugar

49. High B.P. ---Weak artery --- chances to rapture.
Increase cholesterol --– plaque formation ---
coronary artery disease.
Hormone adrenalin --- increase clotting ---
coronary thrombosis
Effects of stress

50. I.H.D - Reduction in blood supply to heart
muscle.
Myocardial Infarction – Death due to heart
attack.
Paralysis – Clot in artery going to brain.
Congestive Cardiac Failure- reduction in
pumping force of heart
Other Diseases

51. In search of balance in stressful condition?

52. Yoga sadhana
Stimulation of sympathetic system. constriction
of arteries.
Yoga sadhana activates parasympathetic.
Resulting in reduction of heart rate,
Vessels dilate-increase blood supply.

53.  Shudhdhikriya- dose not play much role. Only
trataka, Mrudu, shwasan marg shuddhi.
 Addition of salt in water – retention of fluid.
Increase in blood volume.
 Asanas – Shalabhasa, Ardha
machchhendrasana Dhanurasana etc.
Dehsadhana

54. All asanas give stretch to Muscles.
Give flexibility to various joints.
Asanas don’t increase B.P. and heart Rate.
Relaxation of muscles occurs if asan is Sthir
Sukham.
Yogic Practices stimulate endocrine glands.
Bramha Mudra- effect on carotid body.
Yoga mudra- relieves tension, anger.
Viparit karni mudra- rest to valves in legs.
Pranadharana done in the end stage of
asana give thought less Moments.

55. Shavasana: Can be done by anybody.
Relaxation of muscles with Awareness.
Muscles of arteries also relax.
Decrease in B.P, Heart rate.
No thoughts in mind.
Sankalp. Positive thoughts.
Depression of Illness reduced.

56. Vibhagiya Shwasan, Yogic Shwasan.
Abd. Breathing simulates parasympathetic.
Chandrabhyas, Anulom-vilom
Bhramari, Ujjai –exert pressure on carotid
sinuses- reduce thought process-meditation
Pranasadhana

57. Bhavsadhana – Dhyayato vishanpunsa-
Attachment- desire- anger- sammoha- loss of
memory-budhhinash- pranashyanti.
Bhaktiyoga, Mantrayoga
Divyasadhana- Pratyahar, dharana, dhyana
Diet – prescribed in Bhagavat Gita, H.P.
Gherand Samhita.
C

58. Yoga sadhana
Yoga is Indian Psychology.
Creates Balance-Equilibrium in Body and Mind.
Emotions-Thoughts-Action at same level.
Produces peace, Calmness in mind.
Helps to reduce Blood Pressure.
Whole thinking pattern changes.
Yogic Practices do not require vigorous energy

59. Our ancient science is still applicable in the modern
days.
Aahat nada – sound with stroke.
Anahat Nada – unstruk sound
Lub – Dub Sound being made by our heart is Anahat
nada.
Our ancient literature discussed about Atman,
consciousness.
Kathopanishada says Madhya Atmani Tishthati- resides
within our body. It is self illuminated. SA node generate
electrical impulses on its own . Both Upanishad and
science appreciated significance of heart, rather atman is
beyond that.