1. KEYWORDS AND DEFINITIONS
KEYWORD DEFINITION
Cardiac muscle that makes up the heart
The ability of the heart to produce its own impulses
Emits a cardiac impulse approximately 72 times per minute
Part of the brain that controls the heart and respiratory rate
Transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to
the heart, lungs and smooth muscle without our conscious
control
Receptors in the body that detect changes in blood acidity,
particularly CO2 and lactic acid
Receptors in the body that detect increases in blood flow and
blood pressure in the blood vessels
An increase in venous return leads to a stronger ventricular
contraction and therefore an increase in stroke volume
% of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction
Reduction of resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute
usually due to endurance training
Volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute
Volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat
The number of cardiac cycles per minute
Pre exercise response of the heart to the release of
adrenaline, results in an elevated heart rate
Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the whole body
and back to the right atrium
Deoxygenated blood form the right ventricle to the lungs and
back to the left atrium
Reduction in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls.
Increases Blood Pressure and helps to speed the flow of blood
Increase in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls. Decreases
Blood Pressure
Redistribution of blood around the body so the working
muscles receive more

2. In the veins to prevent backflow of blood
Volume of blood that returns to the right side of the heart
A venous return mechanism where muscles contract during
exercise squeezing and pumping blood back towards the heart
Ring of muscle at the entrance to the capillaries to control
the blood flow
Force of blood against the walls of the arteries during
ventricular contraction
Force of blood against the walls of the arteries during
ventricular relaxation
Increases the Heart Rate
Decrease Heart Rate
Atria fill with blood
Ventricles fill with blood
Atria contract forcing blood into ventricles
Ventricles contract forcing blood into the aorta/pulmonary
artery
Enlargement of the heart muscle in response to training
Match the words below to the definitions above:
Anticipatory Rise Atria Diastole Atrial Systole
Automatic Nervous System Baroreceptors Bradycardia
Cardiac Hypertrophy Cardiac Output Chemoreceptors
Diastolic Blood Pressure Ejection Fraction Frank Starling’s Mechanism
Heart Rate Medulla Oblongata Myocardium
Myogenic Parasympathetic Nervous System Pocket valves
Pre Capillary Sphincter Pulmonary Circulation SA Node
Skeletal Muscle Pump Stroke Volume Sympathetic Nervous System
Systemic Circulaton Systolic Blood Pressure Vascular Shunt
Vasoconstrict Vasodilate Venous Return
Ventricular Diastole Ventricular Systole

3. KEYWORDS AND DEFINITIONS
KEYWORD DEFINITION
Myocardium Cardiac muscle that makes up the heart
Myogenic The ability of the heart to produce its own impulses
SA Node Emits a cardiac impulse approximately 72 times per minute
Medulla Part of the brain that controls the heart and respiratory rate
Oblongata
Automatic Transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to
Nervous System the heart, lungs and smooth muscle without our conscious
control
Chemoreceptors Receptors in the body that detect changes in blood acidity,
particularly CO2 and lactic acid
Baroreceptors Receptors in the body that detect increases in blood flow and
blood pressure in the blood vessels
Frank Starling’s An increase in venous return leads to a stronger ventricular
Mechanism contraction and therefore an increase in stroke volume
Ejection % of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction
Fraction
Bradycardia Reduction of resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute
usually due to endurance training
Cardiac Output Volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute
Stroke Volume Volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat
Heart Rate The number of cardiac cycles per minute
Anticipatory Pre exercise response of the heart to the release of
Rise adrenaline, results in an elevated heart rate
Systemic Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the whole body
Circulaton and back to the right atrium
Pulmonary Deoxygenated blood form the right ventricle to the lungs and
Circulation back to the left atrium
Vasoconstrict Reduction in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls.
Increases Blood Pressure and helps to speed the flow of blood
Vasodilate Increase in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls. Decreases
Blood Pressure
Vascular Shunt Redistribution of blood around the body so the working
muscles receive more
Pocket valves In the veins to prevent backflow of blood
Venous Return Volume of blood that returns to the right side of the heart
Skeletal Muscle A venous return mechanism where muscles contract during

4. Pump exercise squeezing and pumping blood back towards the heart
Pre Capillary Ring of muscle at the entrance to the capillaries to control
Sphincter the blood flow
Systolic Blood Force of blood against the walls of the arteries during
Pressure ventricular contraction
Diastolic Blood Force of blood against the walls of the arteries during
Pressure ventricular relaxation
Sympathetic Increases the Heart Rate
Nervous System
Parasympathetic Decrease Heart Rate
Nervous System
Atria Diastole Atria fill with blood
Ventricular Ventricles fill with blood
Diastole
Atrial Systole Atria contract forcing blood into ventricles
Ventricular Ventricles contract forcing blood into the aorta/pulmonary
Systole artery
Cardiac Enlargement of the heart muscle in response to training
Hypertrophy