1. 07/29/13 1
Sewage Treatment and DisposalSewage Treatment and Disposal
Economical Way-outEconomical Way-out
Dinkar Saxena & Rajeev Parwar
““AWWT”AWWT”
New Action PlanNew Action Plan

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AWWTAWWT
New Action PlanNew Action Plan ….….
 Development of self sustainable wastewater
treatment & disposal system for remote &
unsewered locations for small habitats.
 Must comply all norms of E P Act yet energy
efficient economical solution to wastewater
discharge system.
 When ground water levels are decreasing rapidly
why to waste any drop of WATER – need of hour.
…A step For Sustainable Solution

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WaterWater
It's vital for all of
us. We depend on its
good quality-and
quantity-for drinking,
recreation, use in
industry and growing
crops. It also is vital
to sustaining the
natural systems on
and under the
earth's surface ….

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Ground water is for ever...!Ground water is for ever...!
 A beautiful Day
Dream…!
 Ground Realty is …
Ground water is
receding By every
passing year.
 Declining Rate of
Ground Water in some
Parts of Agra as
monitored by
Piezometer

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An Alarming NegativeAn Alarming Negative TrendTrend
In 1985 Water Table in Kalma Nagar
Area was 50 fts
In 2004 water Table in same area is
Nearly 225 ft.
A whooping decline on Average of 9
Ft. per year.

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Yes Need of Hour is…Yes Need of Hour is…
WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT

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Action taken for…Action taken for…
• Minimization of wastewater by training and awareness.
• Zero discharge sewage treatment systems.
• Water recycling.
• Zero discharge Industries.
• Drip irrigation.
• Prevention of over drafting the ground water
• Sustain development and preservation of
Natural Water Resources
• Increase in catchments area as much as possible for
Water Harvesting
• Flood Management
……..are Components of Watershed Management.

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METHODOLOGY FOR TREATMENTMETHODOLOGY FOR TREATMENT
•Separation of rainwater runoff from sewage gray water.
•Anaerobic digester based sewage treatment plant for
wastewater.
•Disposal of treated wastewater on cropland for irrigation.
•Draining of rainwater runoff in to low-lying cropland fields.
•Plugging all points of water escape on outer periphery of jail,
by contour bunds..
Making an exit plan for draining excessive rainfall, to nearby
Municipal drain.

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FAMILIES + CAFETERIA WASTE
Grey water =
Bathroom
+kitchen
+washing etc
Night Soil
Transportation to treatment
plant (sewage lines + drains)
Equalization
tank with
HRT of 6Hrs.
Bar screensGrit chamber
grit
Floating
material
UASB
Reactor
39 ft
hydraulic
depth
Polishing pond
12 hrs HRT Sub surface soaking
trenches with sand piling
if required and
Evapotranspiration system
rainwater
RWH

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Paved and un paved area
Collection drain
Grit chamber Trash racks
Cropland
Schematic diagram of Rain Water Treatment and
disposal (Harvesting process).

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Generation
points
of sewage
Collection of
sewage
Up flow
anaerobic
digester
Aeration tank
/ trickling filter
Treated water to
cropland
Flow sheet of wastewater treatment and disposal process

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Storage for treated
water
‘O’ level
Generation of wastewater
BOD 300 mgl, 50 Kld
Collection &
settling pit 5 Kl
Attached
growth media
Attached growth media
Hrt 5 hrs
BOD
removal 70%
+3 3 ½’
BOD
removal
95 ~ 99
%
Pump 1.5
KL / Hr
SCHEMATIC OF ENERGY
EFFICIENT
Sewage treatment system (STP)ATTACHED GROWTH
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
- 3INCHES ATTACHED GROWTH BIO TOWER

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Landscaping as tertiary treatmentLandscaping as tertiary treatment

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Cost of TreatmentCost of Treatment
 Anaerobic Process shell out energy in terms of
Methane.
 Secondary or polishing Stage uses natural
oxidation which brings out cost of chemical energy
requirement.
 Average of Construction for Eco systems are
nearly Rs. 5.00 per Lt. Per day.
 Running Cost is as low as Rs. 0.10 per capita load.
FOR MORE INFO...
Manual on sewerage and sewage treatment ( Second Edition)
( CPHEEO) Ministry of Urban Development, The Govt. Of India.

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Anaerobic
Waste Water Treatment
(AWWT)
General Introduction

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Sustainable Environmental Concepts
• Appropriate low-cost technologies
• Integrated biological methods
• Reuse of valuable compounds
• Stimulation of urban agriculture
• Development towards ‘zero emission’
production
Require:
Bio-methanation of waste (waters)

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Sustainable Environmental Protection
• Prevention of waste production
• No dilution of high strength wastes
• Treatment at the site
• Low or no usage of chemicals & fossil fuels for
treatment
• Low treatment costs (land, capital &
operational)
• High efficiency
• Applicable at any scale
• Robust and plain technologies
• Acceptable for local population / industries

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Resource Conservation
• Wastewater treatment for water
recovery
• Valorization of (semi) solid residues
– production of soil conditioners
• Bio-methanation of organic wastes
• Recovery of nutrients and elements
from waste streams: N, P, S, heavy
metals

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Criteria for WWT selection
• Satisfactory treatment efficiency towards:
COD/BOD,suspended solids, N, P, etc.
• Robust technology: high stability towards power cut,
peak loads, toxicants, etc.
• Flexible with respect to future amendments
(extensions, improvement)
• Simple in operation maintenance and control
• Limited number of treatment steps
• Absence of disposal problems (e.g. sludge)
• No malodour nuisance
• Availability of local experience
• Designed for (by) product recovery

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Technologies
• Bio-technological processes
– Anaerobic treatment, core
technology
– (Micro) aerobic post treatment
• Complementary physico-chemical
processes, If necessary

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WHY ANAEROBIC TREATMENT ?
AEROBIC process has Heat loss
Sludge, 30-60 kg
Influent 100 kg COD + Aeration +(100 kWh) =Effluent,
2-10 kg COD
ANAEROBIC
Sludge, 5 kg
Influent 100 kg COD= Effluent, 10-20 kg COD + Biogas 35
m3 (285 kWh)
Net Energy gain

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Benefits of Anaerobic (pre -)treatment
• Low production of stabilised (!) sludge
• Very low nutrient requirements
• Little if any energy requirement
• Production of biogas
• Reduction of green house gas emissions
• Very high loading rates (up to 35 kg COD.m-3.day -1)
• Plain technology
• Relatively simple in operation and maintenance
• Anaerobic sludge can be stored unfed ®campaign
industries
• Start up with granular sludge in 1 week
If Used as Pre Treatment…

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• Anaerobic organisms are quite susceptible for a large
number of compounds
• AWWT in principle is a pre-treatment to reduce the
load on Aerobic treatment
• Sometimes malodor nuisance may occur
• Sometimes little experience available in operation
and design
““Drawbacks” of Anaerobic treatmentDrawbacks” of Anaerobic treatment

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Few Completed Projects…Few Completed Projects…
 District Jail Agra., 1000 + inmates
 Vimal Apartments., 54 Flats
 Vimal Vatika 230 Residential houses
 Bhawna Estate 75 Families
 Vinayak Vihar 82 Residential Houses
 Dawar Footwear Company 650 Employee
 Virola International 1400 Users.
Project Under construction…
 TDI City. Agra 1150 Houses
 TDI Mall Agra 1500 Footfall
 Pushpanjali Baikunth, 125 Acres Layout
 Pushpanjali Orchid, Agra. 127 Acers
 P P Town 350 Housed And cottages
 Etc….

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Bhawna EstateBhawna Estate
KATCHA RAS TA
S.T.P.
10'[3.05]
5' [1.52]

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A Live experience….A Live experience….
Plant at district Jail Agra

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A talk with Superintendent Jail Agra…A talk with Superintendent Jail Agra…
Mr. S.P. Yadav Crops at Jail Compound

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Team/ResourcesTeam/Resources
Dinkar Saxena,
M. Sc., M.I.E., M.I.P.H.E.,P.G.D.M., C. Eng., Chartered Engineer,
accredited Lead Auditor, SAI (USA),
Environment Auditor (EIMA, U.K.)
Rajeev Parwar
M.E. ( Construction Technology & Management) , M.I.E., M.I.P.H.E.,F.I.V., C. Eng.,
Chartered Engineer
Support staff
Mohd. Tarique. Diploma in Architecture.
Skilled Supervisors
Civil Construction 2
Electrical 1
Plumbing 3
Equipment
Complete Tools for on the spot monitoring Environment Parameter.
Support & Outside Services
Long term Contract With S.G.S. Ltd., Gurgoan, Haryana, For Environment Impact Assessment.

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Thanks for …
…kind attention.