2. 2
Types of Computer NetworksTypes of Computer Networks
► Mainframe/TerminalMainframe/Terminal
1960’s/70’s technology1960’s/70’s technology
Computation centralizedComputation centralized
► Server/ClientServer/Client
1980s technology1980s technology
Computation distributed with a central point of data storageComputation distributed with a central point of data storage
Large installationsLarge installations
► Peer to PeerPeer to Peer
1990’s technology1990’s technology
Primarily for file sharing between computersPrimarily for file sharing between computers
Limited to 10 computers (Microsoft limitation)Limited to 10 computers (Microsoft limitation)
4. 4
Communication SystemsCommunication Systems
► EthernetEthernet
Open network system (most popular)Open network system (most popular)
Low hardware costsLow hardware costs
► Token RingToken Ring
Closed network system - IBMClosed network system - IBM
Limited to 4 Mbs or 16 Mbs (cable dependent)Limited to 4 Mbs or 16 Mbs (cable dependent)
► ARCnetARCnet
Obsolete systemObsolete system
Limited to 15 MbsLimited to 15 Mbs
6. 6
Communication Systems (conti.)Communication Systems (conti.)
► AppleTalkAppleTalk
Closed network system - Apple ComputerClosed network system - Apple Computer
Used primarily for their printer sharingUsed primarily for their printer sharing
► StarLanStarLan
Closed network systemClosed network system
► HPNAHPNA
Phoneline network systemPhoneline network system
► Power LinePower Line
► OthersOthers
7. 7
Ethernet Cable SystemsEthernet Cable Systems
► ThinNet (10Base2)ThinNet (10Base2)
Coaxial cable (bus topology)Coaxial cable (bus topology)
Half duplex communicationHalf duplex communication
Limited to 10 MbsLimited to 10 Mbs
Limited to 900 foot total lengthLimited to 900 foot total length
Limited installation flexibilityLimited installation flexibility
Rapidly becoming obsoleteRapidly becoming obsolete
8. 8
Ethernet Systems (conti.)Ethernet Systems (conti.)
►Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Half or Full Duplex [10/100/1000BaseT(x)]Half or Full Duplex [10/100/1000BaseT(x)]
Speed is depended on the cable typeSpeed is depended on the cable type
Cable TypesCable Types
►Cat-1 – Telephone (voice)Cat-1 – Telephone (voice)
►Cat-2 – 4 Mbs (Token Ring)Cat-2 – 4 Mbs (Token Ring)
►Cat-3 – 10 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. lengthCat-3 – 10 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. length
►Cat-4 – 20 Mbs (Token Ring)Cat-4 – 20 Mbs (Token Ring)
►Cat-5 – 100 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. lengthCat-5 – 100 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. length
►Cat-6 – 250 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. lengthCat-6 – 250 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. length
9. 9
Ethernet Systems (conti.)Ethernet Systems (conti.)
►Fiber Optic (FDDI)Fiber Optic (FDDI)
1000 Mbs (Ethernet limitation)1000 Mbs (Ethernet limitation)
Same cable can share other transmissionSame cable can share other transmission
protocols (i.e. ATM, etc.) at the same timeprotocols (i.e. ATM, etc.) at the same time
Length limitation – miles (depended onLength limitation – miles (depended on
hardware)hardware)
Used extensively to connect server farmsUsed extensively to connect server farms
togethertogether
10. 10
Ethernet Systems (conti.)Ethernet Systems (conti.)
►WirelessWireless
IEEE 802.11.aIEEE 802.11.a
►5.4 MHz – 54 Mbs – 100 foot line of sight5.4 MHz – 54 Mbs – 100 foot line of sight
IEEE 802.11.bIEEE 802.11.b
►2.4 MHz – 11 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight2.4 MHz – 11 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight
IEEE 802.11.gIEEE 802.11.g
►2.4 MHz – 54 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight2.4 MHz – 54 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight
IEEE 802.11.gxIEEE 802.11.gx
►2.4 MHz – 108 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight2.4 MHz – 108 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight
11. 11
Hardware RequirementsHardware Requirements
►Network Interface Card (NIC)Network Interface Card (NIC)
Each computer must have one, either anEach computer must have one, either an
installed or built onto the motherboardinstalled or built onto the motherboard
It can be either wired or wirelessIt can be either wired or wireless
Must be compatible with cable systemMust be compatible with cable system
I recommend 100BaseT(x) for wired systemsI recommend 100BaseT(x) for wired systems
Cost (wired) ≈ $10.00 eachCost (wired) ≈ $10.00 each
Cost (wireless) ≈ $60.00 eachCost (wireless) ≈ $60.00 each
12. 12
Hardware Requirements (conti.)Hardware Requirements (conti.)
►Hub/Switch/Router/Wireless Access PointHub/Switch/Router/Wireless Access Point
For connecting two computers together – noneFor connecting two computers together – none
is needed, but a “cross over” type cable isis needed, but a “cross over” type cable is
requiredrequired
For networking several computers togetherFor networking several computers together
(Peer to Peer) with(Peer to Peer) with nono Internet connection –Internet connection –
either a Hub/Switch/Wireless AP is neededeither a Hub/Switch/Wireless AP is needed
For networking several computers to aFor networking several computers to a
broadband connection (DSL/Cable) – a Routerbroadband connection (DSL/Cable) – a Router
is neededis needed
13. 13
Hardware Requirements (conti.)Hardware Requirements (conti.)
Hub/Switch/Router costsHub/Switch/Router costs
►Hub ≈ $10.00 - depended on number of portsHub ≈ $10.00 - depended on number of ports
►Switch ≈ $20.00 - depended on number ofSwitch ≈ $20.00 - depended on number of
portsports
►Router (wired) ≈ $40.00 - depended onRouter (wired) ≈ $40.00 - depended on
number of portsnumber of ports
►Router (wireless 802.11.b) ≈ $50.00Router (wireless 802.11.b) ≈ $50.00
►Router (wireless 802.11.g/gx) ≈ $60.00Router (wireless 802.11.g/gx) ≈ $60.00
16. 16
Transmission ProtocolsTransmission Protocols
►TCP/IPTCP/IP
Internet standard also used by Unix (Linux) andInternet standard also used by Unix (Linux) and
Windows 2000 & XPWindows 2000 & XP
►NetBEUINetBEUI
Used in peer to peer networksUsed in peer to peer networks
With the introduction of Windows XP - no longerWith the introduction of Windows XP - no longer
supported by Microsoftsupported by Microsoft
►IPX/SPXIPX/SPX
Used in legacy Novell systemsUsed in legacy Novell systems
17. 17
Transmission Protocols (conti.)Transmission Protocols (conti.)
►Other systemsOther systems
PPP – Dial up modem (POT)PPP – Dial up modem (POT)
PPPoE – Broadband (DSL & TV Cable)PPPoE – Broadband (DSL & TV Cable)
PPTP – Virtual Private NetworksPPTP – Virtual Private Networks
UPnP – Special devices (printer servers,UPnP – Special devices (printer servers,
household appliances, etc.)household appliances, etc.)
AppleTalk - Used primarily for printer sharingAppleTalk - Used primarily for printer sharing
DLC – IBM mainframe/terminalDLC – IBM mainframe/terminal
ATM – Teleco network interconnectionsATM – Teleco network interconnections
18. 18
Software RequirementsSoftware Requirements
(Peer to Peer network)(Peer to Peer network)
►DOS & Windows 3.1 systemsDOS & Windows 3.1 systems
Third party software is required (Lantastic, etc.)Third party software is required (Lantastic, etc.)
►Windows 3.11 & 95 systemsWindows 3.11 & 95 systems
Third party software is required (Lantastic, etc.)Third party software is required (Lantastic, etc.)
►Windows 95(OSR) & 98(x) systemsWindows 95(OSR) & 98(x) systems
Included in operating systemIncluded in operating system
►Windows 2000 & XP systemsWindows 2000 & XP systems
Included in operating systemIncluded in operating system
19. 19
Hardware InstallationHardware Installation
►Desktop ComputersDesktop Computers
Install NIC card in computer (if needed)Install NIC card in computer (if needed)
► Be sure to unplug the power cordBe sure to unplug the power cord
► Remove case coverRemove case cover
► Install NIC card in an available slotInstall NIC card in an available slot
► Replace case coverReplace case cover
►Laptop computersLaptop computers
Some Laptop computers have a NIC built into them; if not, insert aSome Laptop computers have a NIC built into them; if not, insert a
NIC PCMCA card into the PCMCA slot and reboot the computerNIC PCMCA card into the PCMCA slot and reboot the computer
20. 20
Hardware Installation (Conti.)Hardware Installation (Conti.)
►Driver InstallationDriver Installation
Run the software that came with the NIC cardRun the software that came with the NIC card
If no software came with the NIC card, do:If no software came with the NIC card, do:
►Click right mouse button on “My Computer”Click right mouse button on “My Computer”
►Click left mouse button on “Properties”Click left mouse button on “Properties”
►Windows 98(x) – click left mouse button on “DeviceWindows 98(x) – click left mouse button on “Device
Manager”Manager”
►Windows 2000 & XP – click left mouse button onWindows 2000 & XP – click left mouse button on
“Hardware” & click left mouse button on “Device“Hardware” & click left mouse button on “Device
Manager”Manager”
21. 21
Hardware Installation (Conti.)Hardware Installation (Conti.)
►Driver Installation (conti.)Driver Installation (conti.)
►Run the “Add Hardware Manager Wizard”Run the “Add Hardware Manager Wizard”
►Or manually install the device driverOr manually install the device driver
Verify in the “Device Manager” that the driver isVerify in the “Device Manager” that the driver is
installed properly and enabledinstalled properly and enabled
►There should beThere should be nono yellow “explanation marks” (yellow “explanation marks” (!!) on) on
any of the devicesany of the devices
►Look in the properties of the device, it will tell you ifLook in the properties of the device, it will tell you if
the device is enabledthe device is enabled
22. 22
Connection Software (Services)Connection Software (Services)
► Internet Connection (Broadband)Internet Connection (Broadband)
Windows 98(x) systemsWindows 98(x) systems
► In “Settings” > “Control Panel” > “Network” verify thatIn “Settings” > “Control Panel” > “Network” verify that
the following are installed and install if missing:the following are installed and install if missing:
Client for Microsoft NetworksClient for Microsoft Networks
Microsoft Family LogonMicrosoft Family Logon
File and printer sharing for Microsoft NetworksFile and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks
NETBEUI -> Dial up AdapterNETBEUI -> Dial up Adapter
NETBEUI -> NIC adapterNETBEUI -> NIC adapter
TCP/IP -> Dial up AdapterTCP/IP -> Dial up Adapter
TCP/IP -> NIC adapterTCP/IP -> NIC adapter
► Select “Microsoft Family Logon” as Primary NetworkSelect “Microsoft Family Logon” as Primary Network
LogonLogon
► In “File and Print Sharing” tab check the appropriateIn “File and Print Sharing” tab check the appropriate
boxesboxes
23. 23
Connection Software (Services)Connection Software (Services)
► Internet Connection (Broadband)Internet Connection (Broadband)
Windows 2000 & XP systemsWindows 2000 & XP systems
► If you decide to convert all of your computers on yourIf you decide to convert all of your computers on your
LAN to Microsoft’s new standard (NETBIOS overLAN to Microsoft’s new standard (NETBIOS over
TCP/IP) do the following:TCP/IP) do the following:
In “My Network places” screen under “Network Tasks”In “My Network places” screen under “Network Tasks”
run the “Set up a small home or office networkrun the “Set up a small home or office network
Make a “Network Install” floppy disk and run it on yourMake a “Network Install” floppy disk and run it on your
other computersother computers
► If you decide to stay with Microsoft’s discontinuedIf you decide to stay with Microsoft’s discontinued
NETBEUI protocol find and install the NETBEUINETBEUI protocol find and install the NETBEUI
protocol in your “Local Network Connectionprotocol in your “Local Network Connection
Properties” panelProperties” panel
24. 24
Finding & Installing NetBEUIFinding & Installing NetBEUI
► On the Window XP installation CD-ROM in theOn the Window XP installation CD-ROM in the
“VALUEADDMSFTNETBEUI” folder“VALUEADDMSFTNETBEUI” folder
►1. Copy the “NBF.SYS” file to the hard disk’s1. Copy the “NBF.SYS” file to the hard disk’s
folder “WINDOWSSYSTEMSDRIVERS”folder “WINDOWSSYSTEMSDRIVERS”
►2. Copy the “NETNBF.INF” file to the hard2. Copy the “NETNBF.INF” file to the hard
disk’s folder “WINDOWSINF”disk’s folder “WINDOWSINF”
► In “Local Network Connection Properties” installIn “Local Network Connection Properties” install
the NetBEUI protocol for each NIC devicethe NetBEUI protocol for each NIC device
25. 25
Wireless Network SecurityWireless Network Security
►Reconfigure the router:Reconfigure the router:
Change the router name and passwordChange the router name and password
Rename the wireless network nameRename the wireless network name
Turn off SSID broadcastingTurn off SSID broadcasting
Setup MAC filters for only permitted wirelessSetup MAC filters for only permitted wireless
computerscomputers
Use encryption (WEP, WPA etc.)Use encryption (WEP, WPA etc.)
26. 26
How To Web SiteHow To Web Site
►My best known help web site is PC911My best known help web site is PC911
►http://pcnineoneone.com/howto/hmnetwk1.htmhttp://pcnineoneone.com/howto/hmnetwk1.htm
Good Luck and Happy NetworkingGood Luck and Happy Networking
James HugJames Hug