Science Form 5

1. 1
CHAPTER 5 MOTION DATE/TARIKH:…………………….
5.1 THE MOTION OF VEHICLES ON LAND/PERGERAKAN KENDERAAN DI DARAT.
Land vehicles can be divided into two groups/Kenderaan di darat terbahagi kepada dua
kumpulan iaitu:
(a) Vehicles without engine such as bicycles
kenderaan tanpa enjin seperti basikal.
Vehicles without engine use the energy of humans or animals to move.
Kenderaan tanpa enjin guna tenaga manusia atau haiwan untuk bergerak
(b) Vehicles with engine such as cars, buses and motorcycles
Kenderaan berenjin seperti kereta, bas, motosikal
Vehicles with engine use fuels such as petrol and diesel to make them work.
Kenderaan berenjin guna bahan api seperti petrol dan disel untuk menggerakkan nya.
Principle of Operation of Vehicles with Engines
(a) There are three types of engines, i.e. the four-stroke petrol engine, the four-stroke
diesel engine and the two-stroke petrol engine.
Terdapat tiga jenis enjin iaitu enjin petrol empat lejang, enjin disel empat lejang dan
enjin petrol dua lejang

2. 2
(b) How a four-stroke combustion works in a four-stroke petrol engine
Bagaimana kerja-kerja pembakaran empat lejang dalam enjin petrol empat lejang.
Figure/rajah Stroke/lejang Figure/rajah Stroke/lejang
(1) Inductionstroke
lejangaruhan
-the piston movesdown.
-the inlet valve opens
-the exhaust valve closes
-the mixtureandair is sucked
into the cylinder.
-Ombohbergerakke bawah
-injapmasuk terbuka.
Injapekzos tertutup
-campuranpetrol dan udara
disedutmasuk
(2) Powerstroke
Lejangkuasa.
-A spark from the sparkplug
ignitesthe compressedmixture
causingitto explode
-Hot exhaust gasesfrom the
explosionexpandrapidly
forcingthe pistondownthe
cylinder
-Percikanapi daripalam
pencucuh menyalakan
campuran yang
dimampatkan menyebabkan ia
untuk meletup
-Gasekzos yang panas
daripadaletupan
mengembang danmemaksa
omboh dalamsilinderturun.
(2) Copression stroke
Lejang mampatan.
-Piston moves up
-inletand exhaustvalve close
-Themixtureofpetrol andair is
compressed
-Omboh bergerakke atas
-injapmasuk daninjapekzos
tertutup
-campuranpetrol dan udara
dimampatkan
(4) Exhausted stroke
Lejangekzos
-Piston moves up
-Theexhaustvalve opensthe
inletvalve closes.
-Theexhaustgasesare forced
out of the cylinderthroughthe
openexhaust valve
-Ombohbergerakke atas
-injapekzos terbukadaninjap
masuk tertutup
-Gasekzos yang panasdipaksa
keluardari ombohmelaluiiinjap
ekzos.
Structue offour stroke petrol engine
sturktu enjin petrol empat lejang

3. 3
(c) The table below shows the differences between the four-stroke petrol engine and the
four-stroke diesel engine.
Characteristic Four-stroke petrol engine Four-strokediesel engine
Cycles Inductionstroke
• Thepistonmovesdown.
• The inlet valve opens and the b exhaust
valve closes.
• The mixture of petrol and air is sucked into
the cylinder.
-Ombohbergerakke bawah
-Injap masuk terbuka daninjapekzos tertutup
-Campuran petrol dan udara disedut masuk
ke dalamsilinder
Compressionstroke
• Thepistonmovesup.
• Both valves close.
• Themixtureofpetroland airis compressed.
-Ombohbergerakke atas
-Kedua-duainjap tertutup
-Campuran petrol danudara dimampatkan
Powerstroke
• Both valves close.
• A spark from the spark plug ignites the
compressedmixturecausingitto explode,
• Hot gases forcethe pistondown.
-Kedua-duainjaptertutup.
-Percikan api dari palam pencucuh
menyalakan campuran menyebabkan ia
melatus.
-Gas panas memaksa omboh bergerak ke
bawah.
Exhauststroke
• Thepistonmovesup.
• The exhaust valve opens and the inlet valve
closes.
• The exhaust gases are forced out of the
cylinder,
-Omboh bergerakke atas.
-Injap ekzos terbuka dan injap masuk
tertutup.
-Gasekzos ditolakkeluardari silinder.
Inductionstroke
• Thepistonmovesdown.
• The inlet valve opens and the exhaust
valve closes.
• Airis suckedintothe cylinder.
-Ombohbergerakke bawah
-Injap masuk terbuka dan injap ekzos
tertutup
-Udara disedut masuk Ke dalam
silinder
Compressionstroke
• Thepistonmovesup.
• Both valves close.
• Air is compressed and becomes very
hot.
• Dieselisinjectedintothe cylinder.
-Ombohbergerakke atas
-Kedua-duainjaptertutup
-Udara dimampatkan dan menjadi
sangatpanas
-Disel disuntikmasuk ke dalamsilinder.
Powerstroke
• Both valves close.
• The hot mixture of compressed air
and diesel burns, releasing hot
exhaustgases.
• Hot gases forcethe pistondown.
-Kedua-duainjaptertutup.
-Campuran gas panas termapat dan
disel terbakar, membebaskan gas
ekzos yangpanas.
-Gas panas memaksa omboh bergerak
ke bawah.
Exhauststroke
• Thepistonmovesup.
• The exhaust valve opens and the inlet
valve closes.
• The exhaust gases are forced out of
the cylinder.
Ombohbergerakke atas.
-Injap ekzos terbuka dan injap masuk
tertutup.
-Gasekzos ditolakkeluardari silinder
Thicknessofthe wallof the
cylinder
Thin Thicker
Fuel injector
penyuntikbahan api
Figure 5.3 Four stroke
diesel engine
Figure 5.2 Four stroke
dpetrol engine

4. 4
Characteristic Four-stroke petrol engine Four-strokediesel engine
Efficiency Less efficient Moreefficient
Uses Lightvehicleslike car Heavy vehicleslike lorry, bus.
Power Morepowerful Less powerful
Exhaust gasesreleased Releasesmoreharmfulexhaustgases Releaseslessharmfulexhaustgases
(d) Two stroke Petrol engine
How a two stroke combustion cycle works in a two stroke petrol engine
Upstroke/lejang naik Downstroke/lejang turun
-When the pistonis at the top of the cylinder, the mixture
of the petrol andthe air above it is compreesed.
-Theexhausetandtransperports are closedbutthe
inletport is open.
-A fresh mixtureof petroland airis suckedinto the
crankcasethroughtheopeninletport
-A spark from the sparkplug ignitesthe compressed
mixtureof petrol andair causingitto explode
-Apabila ombohberadadi bahagian
atas silinder,campuran petrol dan udaradi
atasnyadimampatkan.
-Salurkeluar dansalurpenghantarditutuptetapi salur
masuk adalah terbuka.
-Satu campuran petrol dan udara disedutke dalam
kotak engkol melalui salurmasuk yangterbuka
-Percikan api dari palam
pencucuh menyala campuran petroldan udara yang
dimampatkan dan menyebabkan iameletup
-Hot gas from the explosionexpandrapidlyforcingthe
pistondown the silinder.
-Theinletport closesandcompress themixtureofpetrol
andair in the crankcase.
-Thepistonis at the bottom of the silinder,the
compressedmixturebelowitpassesthroughthe transfer
port into the cylinderabove the piston.
-Theexhaustport is openandthe exhaust gas are
pushedout.
-Gaspanas dari letupan mengembang danmemaksa
ombohbergerakke bawah silinder.
-Salurmasuk ditutup danmemampatkan
campuran petroldan udara dalamkotak engkol.
-Omboh di bahagianbawah silinder,
campuran yang termampatdi bawahnya melalui
salur penghantarkedalamsilinderdiatas omboh.
-Liangekzos dibuka dangas ekzosditolakkeluar.
Two stroke petrol engine

5. 5
The table below shows the comparison between the four-stroke and the two-stroke engine.
Four stroke engine Two stroke engine
In each cycle, the piston moves four strokes, two
upwardstrokes andtwo downwardstrokes.
In each cycle, the piston moves two strokes, one upward stroke
andone downwardstroke.
Power is released only on the third stroke, also
calledthepowerstroke.
Poweris releasedon every upward stroke.
Combustion of fuel takes place only on the third
stroke. During this stroke, an upward stroke,
sparks (electrical) given off by the spark plugs
ignitethe air-fuelmixture.
Combustion of fuel takes place on every upward stroke of the
piston. Sparks (electrical) given off by the spark plugs ignite the
air fuelmixture.
Generally more efficient because the combustion
processis morecomplete.
Less efficientbecausethecombustionprocessisincomplete.
Thedesigniscomplexandbulky. Thedesign issimpleandlesscomplex.
Exercise 5.1
1. Which of the following about a four-stroke diesel engine is true?
Yang manakah antara berikut mengenai enjin disel empat lejang?
I Spark plugs are not needed/Palam pencucuh tidak diperlukan.
II More exhaust gases are released/Lebih banyak gas ekzos dibebaskan
III It is more economical/Ianya lebih ekonomi(jimat)
A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
1. In the four-stroke diesel engine, the mixture of air and fuel is burnt in...
Dalam enjin disel empat lejang, campuran udara dan bahan api dibakar dalam….
A. the power stroke. B. the intake stroke. C . the exhaust stroke. D
the compression stroke.
2. The four-stroke diesel engine has cylinders with thicker walls than those of the four-
stroke petrol engine because...
Enjin disel empat lejang mempunyai silinder yang lebih tebal daripada enjin petrol
empat lejang kerana……..
A. the engine uses spark plugs./Enjin guna palam pencucuh
B. the exhaust stroke of the engine is more powerful./Lejang ekzos lebih berkuasa.
C. the pressure in the cylinders during the compression stroke is very high.
Tekanan dalam silinder semasa lejang mampatan sangat tinggi
D. the power stroke contains very hot exhaust gases./Lejang kuasa mengandungi gas
ekzos yang sangat panas.

6. 6
Subjective
Figure 1
1. Figure 1 shows two different strokes in the four-stroke petrol engine.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua perbezaan dalam enjin petrol empat lejang
(a) Name the strokes shown in Figure 1. / Namakan lejang-lejang dalam rajah 1.
i. P: ____________________________ii. Q: _________________________
(b) What happens in stroke Q?/Apakah yang berlaku dalam lejang Q?
_________________________________________________________________
(c) State two difference between the four stroke diesel engine and the four-stroke petrol
engine.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara enjin disel empat lejang dan enjin petrol empat
lejang.
__________________________________________________________________

7. 7
Tarikh/Date……………………..
5.2 The Concept of Speed, Velocity and Acceleration
Konsep bagi Laju, Halaju dan pecutan
1.Speed is the distance travelled per unit time./Laju ialah jarak yang dilalui per unit masa.
Speed = distance Laju= Jarak yang dilalui
Time masa yang diambil
2. Velocity is the rate of change of distance travelled in a specific direction
Halaju adalah kadar perubahan jarak perjalanan ke arah tertentu..
Velocity = The change of distance in specific direction
Time taken
Halaju = perubahan jarak dalam arah tertentu
Masa yang diambil
3.The SI unit of velocity and speed is ms-1./Unit SI bagi halaju dan laju ialah ms-1
4.Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity./Pecutan ialah kadar perubahan halaju.
5.The SI unit of acceleration is ms-2/Unit SI bagi pecutan ialah ms-2
Acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity
time taken
Pecutan = halajau akhir - halaju awal
Masa yang diambil
Activity 5.2: Use ticker timer to measure velocity/Menggunakan jangka masa detik
untuk mengukur halaju.
Procedure ticker timer
Ticker tape
trolley
Incline plane
 Ticker timer vibrate 50 tick in one second
Jangka masa detik bergetar 50 detik dalam masa satu saat.
Dot tick
Result:
Activity 5.2 and 5.3 of the practica
book on page 64, 65 and 66
Wooden
blockPower
pack
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .

8. 8
Calculation:
Activity 5.3
Result:
Calculation:
Exercise 5.2
1. The ticker tape provided below record the velocity of a trolley in an experiment. By using
your ruler, calculate initial velocity, final velocity and acceleration of the trolley (The
current supplied to the ticker timer is 50 Hz).
Pita detik di bawah merekodkan halaju troli dalam satu eksperimen. Dengan
menggunakan pembaris, hitungkan halaju awal, halaju akhir dan pecutan troli.(arus
elektrik yang dibekalkan kepada jangka masa detik ialah 50Hz)
Initial velocity = Final velocity =
Acceleration =

9. 9
3. The diagram below shows part of a ticker tape of a moving trolley. What is the type
of motion of the trolley?
Rajah dibawah menunjukkan bahagian pita detik bagi satu pergerakan troli. Apakah
jenis pergerakan troli tersebut?
Underline the correct unswer.
Answer: acceleration/deceleration/constant velocity
4. A car moves with a constant velocity of 20 ms-1. The car accelerates and reaches a
velocity of 50 ms-1 in 6 seconds. What is its acceleration?
Sebuah kereta bergerak dengan satu halaju malar 20 ms-1
. Kereta tersebut
kemudian memecut dan mencapai halaju 50 ms-1
. Dalam masa 6 saat. Apakah
pecutan nya?
Answer:
5. The diagram below shows two strips of ticker tape of a moving trolley. The current
supplied to the ticker timer is 50 Hz. Calculate the acceleration of the trolley.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua pita detik bagi satu pergerakan troli. Arus elektrik
yang dibekalkan kepada jangka masa detik ialah 50Hz. Hitungkan pecutan troli
tersebut.
Initial velocity=
Final velocity=
Acceleration=

10. 10
Tarikh/date………………………
5.3 The Concept of Inertia
 The inertia of an object is the ability of the object to maintain its stationary position or
its movement.
Inertia bagi sesuatu objek ialah keupayaan objek tersebut untuk mengekal keadaan
asalnya sama ada diam atau bergerak dengan halaju seragam.
 If the mass of the object is bigger, the inertia will be bigger.
Jika jisim objek besar, maka inertianya juga besar.
 The safety features used in vehicles/ Ciri-ciri keselamatan yang digunakan di dalam
kenderaan
(a) Seat belts- protect the driver and passengers from injuries when the car
suddenly stops or crashes.
tali pinggang keledar-melindungi pemandu dan penumpang dari tercedera
apabila kerata berhenti secara tiba-tiba
(b) Headrest- protects the neck of the driver or passenger from injuries when the car
is hit from back
sandaran kepala-melindungi leher pemandu atau penumpang dari tercedera jika
kereta dilanggar dari belakang
(c) Air bag- protect the driver and passengers from banging the dashboard when
the car suddenly stops or crashes.
Beg udara-melindungi pemandu dan penumpang dari terhantuk ke dashboard
jika kereta terhenti secara tiba-tiba
Exercise 5.3
1. Which of the following affects the inertia of an object?/Yang manakah antara berikut
mempengaruhi inertia sesuatu objek
A Base area of the object B Volume of the object
Luas Dasar objek Isipadu objek
C Mass of the object D Size of the object
Jisim objek Saiz objek
2. The diagram below shows four cans filled with different quantities of soil. These four
cans are pushed at the same time. Which of the following cans,A,B,C or D, will be the
last to stop?
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan empat tin yang berisi pasir dengan kuantiti yang berbeza.
Keempat-empat tin tersebut ditolak pada masa dan ketinggian yang sama. Yang
manakah antara A, B, C dan D akan terakhir berhenti berayun
Experiment5.1of the practicalbook.page68and69

11. 11
Tarikh/date:……………………….
5.4 The Concept of Momentum
1.The momentum of an object is the product of its mass and velocity.
Momentum = mass x velocity
Momentum sesuatu objek ialah hasil darab jisim dan halajunya.
Momentum = jisim x halaju.
2.The SI unit of momentum is kg ms-1/Unit SI nya ialah kg ms-1
3.The momentum of an object is bigger if its mass is bigger and its velocity is higher.
Momentum bagi sesuatu objek adalah besar jika jisim lebih besar dan halajunya lebih
tinggi.
The Principle of Conservation of Momentum
This principle states that the total momentum of two or more objects before a collision is
equal to the total momentum after the collision provided no resultant external force acts on
the objects.
Prinsip ini menyatakan yang jumlah momentum bagi dua atau lebih objek sebelum
perlanggaran adalah sama dengan jumlah momentum selepas perlanggaran jika tiada daya
luar bertindak ke atasnya.
2.A force is required to change the momentum of an object.
Daya diperlukan untuk mengubah momentum bagi sesuatu objek
3. The resultant force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum.
Daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas sesuatu objek adalah sama dengan kadar
perubahan momentum
Resultant force = change in momentum Daya paduan = perubahan momentum
time taken masa yang diambil

12. 12
Tarikh/Date……………….
5.5The Concept of Pressure
1. Pressure is defined as force per unit area./Tekanan ialah daya per unit luas
Pressure = force tekanan = Daya
Area Luas
3.The SI unit of pressure is newton per square meter (N/m2) or pascal (Pa).
Unit SI bagi tekanan ialah (N/m2
) or pascal (Pa).
4.The pressure acting on a surface depends on:
Tekanan yang bertindak ke atas sesuatu permukaan bergantung kapada:
(a) the force acting on the object; /Daya yang bertindak ke atas objek
(b) the area on which the force is acting./Luas permukaan dimana daya bertindak
The Application of pressure in everyday life
• A sharp knife cuts easily
• Carrying a heavy bag is more comfortable if the strap is broad
• Pisau yang tajam lebih senang memotong
• Membawa beg yang berat lebih selesa jika tali begnya lebar
Exercise5.5
1. Define Pressure.
Pressure= force/unit area
2. If the surface area greater, The pressure _________is smaller________________
3. A roller skater of mass 65 kg balance himself on one leg. If the skate touches the
floor with an area measuring 5 cm2, calculate the pressure the roller skater exerts on
the floor.
Pressure= 650/5
=130N/cm2
4. A strong wind exerts an average pressure of 50000 Nm-2 on a glass wall. If the area
of the glass is 10 m2, what is the force acting on the glass?
Pressure=force/unit area
forcre =50000x10
=500000N

13. 13
Tarikh/Date…………………..
5.6 Principle of Hidraulic System/Prinsip sistem hidrolik
1. The principle of transmission of pressure in fluids states that if pressure is
applied to an enclosed liquid, the pressure is transmitted uniformly throughout
the liquid.
Prinsip pemindahan tekanan dalam bendalir menyatakan bahawa jika tekanan
dikenakan kepada bendalir yang tertutup, tekanan dihantar secara seragam di
seluruh cecair
2. This principle is used in the hydraulic jack and hydraulic brake.
Prinsip ini digunakan dalam jek hidrolik dan brek hidrolik
3. Using this principle, the pressure acting on a small piston is the same as the
pressure acting on a larger piston.
Menggunakan prinsip ini, tekanan yang bertindak ke atas omboh kecil adalah
sama dengan tekanan ke atas omboh besar
Force acting on the small piston = force acting on the large piston
Surface area of the small piston surface area of the large piston
P1 = P2
P1 P2
Application
Hydraulic jack/jek hidrolik

14. 14
Hydraulic brake/brek hidrolik
Exercise 5.6
1. State two examples of machines which operate on the principle of the hydraulic
system?
Hydraulic jack and hydraulic brake
2. In a hydraulic jack, a force of 50 N is applied to a small piston with an area of 5 cm2.
(a) What is the pressure transmitted through the fluid?
Pressure= 50N/5cm2
=10N/cm2
(b) If the large piston has an area of 20cm2, what is the maximum weight that the jack
can lift
F/20=10
F=200N

15. 15
Tarikh/Date;……………………
5.7 The Motion of Vehicle in Water
1. Water vehicles usually have streamlined shapes to reduce turbulence while moving in
the water.
Pengangkutan air biasanya mempunyai bentuk yang streamlined untuk
mengurangkan pergolakan semasa bergerak di dalam air
2. Archimedes’ principle./Prinsip Archimedes
Archimedes’ principle states that when an object is immersed in a fluid (liquid or gas), the
upthrust on the object is equal in size to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Prinsip Archimedes menyatakan bahawa apabila sesuatu objek tenggelam di dalam
bendalir (cecair atau gas), tujahan ke atas pada objek adalah sama
dengan berat bendalir yang disesarkan oleh objek tersebut.
Upthrust (buoyancy force) = weight of fluid displaced
3. This principle is applied to boats, ships, hovercraft, hydrofoils and submarines.
Submarine/kapal selam
(a) A submarine has ballast tanks that control the submarine, making it sink or float.
Kapal selam mempunyai tangki balast yang mengawal kapal selam, tenggelam atau
timbul.
(b) The submarine will sink when the ballast tanks are filled with water.
Kapal selam akan tenggelam apabila tangki balast diisikan dengan air.
(c) The submarine rises to the surface when the water in the ballast tanks are blown out.
Kapal selam akan naik ke permukaan apabila air dalam tangki dikosongkan

16. 16
Hydrofoil Hovercrafts
Exercise 5.7
1. Figure below shows an experiment to investigate Archimedes’ principle.
Rajah dibawah menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji prinsip Archimedes.
The result for the experiment provided in the table below
Keputusan eksperimen adalah seperti jadual di bawah.
Object Water
Weight in air/berat dalam udara = 7.0 N Weight of beaker + water = 4.0 N
Berat bikar + air
Weight in water/berat dalam air = 6.0 N Weight of empty beaker = 3.0 N
Berat bikar kosong
Upthrust of water /daya julangan= 7-6=1N Weight of water displaced= 1.0N
Berat air tersesar

17. 17
(a) Determine the upthrust of water and weight of water displaced on the above table.
Tentukan daya julangan air dan berat air tersesar pada jadual di atas.
(b) The object appears to have lost weight in water. State the reason of apparent loss in
weight ?
objek nampaknya telah kehilangan berat di dalam air. Nyatakan sebab
kehilangan ketara dalam berat objek
disebabkan oleh dayajulangan
(c) Based on the result, what is the relationship between the upthrust of the water and
the weight of the water displaced?
Berdasarkan keputusan, apakah hubungan antara daya julangan air dan berat
air yang disesarkan?
Upthrust = the weight of the waterdisplaced

18. 18
Tarikh/Date:…………………..
5.8 The Motion of Vehicles in the Air
1. Examples of vehicles that move in the air are hot air balloons, aeroplanes, helicopters
and rockets.
Contoh kenderaan yang bergerak dalam udara ialah belun udara, kapal terbang,
helikopter dan roket.
2. These vehicles use Bernoulli’s principle to work.
Kenderaan ini menggunakan prinsip Bernoulli untuk bergerak.
3. Bernoulli’s principle states that pressure is inversely proportional to the velocity of a
flowing fluid.
Prinsip Bernoulli menyatakan yang tekanan adalah berkadar songsang dengan halaju
udara (cecair) yang mengalir.
(a) When the velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low.
Apabila halaju bendalir tinggi, tekanannya rendah
(b) When the velocity of a fluid is low, the pressure is high.
Apabila halaju bendalir rendah,tekanannya tinggi.
4 .Examples of the use of Bernoulli’s principle / Contoh kegunaan Prinsip Bernoulli.
(a) The flow of water through capillary tubes/Pengaliran air dalam tiub Bernoulli.
(b) The flow of air through capillary tubes/Pengaliran udara dalam tiub Bernoulli

19. 19
(c) Aerofoil shape of the wings of the aeroplane/Bentuk Aerofoil pada sayap kapal terbang.
Rocket.
Jet Engine
-Air flows under the wings slower, The air
pressure is higher.
-Pengaliran udara di bawah sayap kapal
terbang rendah, tekanan udara adalah lebih
tinggi.
-This pressure will produce higher upthrust
and can cause the aeroplane move upwards
Tekanan yang lebih tinggi di bawah sayap
kapal terbang menghasilkan daya julangan
yang tinggi dan menyebabkan kapal terbang
bergerak ke atas.

20. 20
The table below shows the comparison between the rocket engine and the jet engine.
Rocket engine Jet engine
Carries its own oxygen supply
Bawa bekalan oksigen sendiri
Uses the oxygen of the atmosphere
Menggunakan oksigen atmosfera
Can move in the Earth’s atmosphere and in outer space
Boleh bergerak dalamatmosfera bumi dan di angkasa
lepas
Can move in the Earth’s atmosphere only
Boleh bergerak dalamatmosfera bumi sahaja
Fuel used is liquid hydrogen
Bahan api yang digunakan ialah hidrogen cecair
Fuel used is kerosene
Bahan api yang digunakan ialah karosene
Exercise 5.8
1. Figure below shows Bernoulli’s tube.
(a) Draw in the figure the water level in each capillary tube.