Arthropod-borne and rodent-borne viral diseases are zoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas or through direct contact with rodents. These diseases include West Nile virus transmitted by mosquitoes, tick-borne encephalitis transmitted by ticks, and hemorrhagic fever viruses like Lassa fever transmitted by rodents. Effective control of these diseases requires surveillance of viruses in animals and vectors as well as public health measures to reduce human exposure to vectors and rodents.