RFID consists of radio frequency-enabled tags and readers. RFID tags contain microchips that can be attached to objects and read remotely by readers using radio waves. RFID systems have three main components: tags which are attached to objects, readers which can read and sometimes write to tags, and a data processing subsystem which handles the data. Tags can be either passive, powered by the reader, or active, containing a battery. RFID finds applications in areas like supply chain management, access control and payment systems.

1. “Academic Skill Presentation”
NAME :- RUPESH Y. KADAM .
STD. :- DETE 3rd YEAR / A .
SPN NO. :- 1103057 .
COLLAGE :- ST. XAVIER’S TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Guided By:
Miss. Surbhi Gavshinde

2. ST. XAVIER’S TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

3. What is RFID?
Radio Frequency Identification
Identification system that consists of chip-based tags
and readers
Data is stored and retrieved remotely using radio
waves
 Onboard sensors
 Product information

4. RFID System Components
 RFID Tag
 Transponder
 Located on the object
 RFID Reader
 Transceiver
 Can read and write data to Tag
 Data Processing Subsystem

6. Transponders
Consists of microchip (tag) that stores data and
antenna.
Active transponders have on-tag batteries.
Passive transponders obtain all power from the RF
interrogation signal of reader.
Active and passive only communicate when
interrogated by transceiver.

7. Transreceiver
Consists of an RF module, a control unit, and a
coupling element to interrogate tags via RF
communication.
Also have secondary interface to communicate with
back-end systems.
Reads tags located in an external environment and are
obscured from view

8. Data Processing Subsystem
Backend System
Connected via high-speed network
Computers used for business planning (ERP)
Database storage
Can be as simple as a reader attached to a cash register

9. Operation Type
Full and half duplex systems
 Transponder’s response is broadcast when the reader’s
RF field is switched on
Sequential procedure
 Reader’s RF field is periodically switched off
 Loss of power during breaks
 Need auxiliary capacitors or batteries

10. Data Capacity
Normal range is from a few bytes to several kilobytes
1-bit transponders
 Useful for simple monitoring
 Low cost

11. Read only vs. writeable
Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
(EEPROM)
 High power consumption
 Limited number of write cycle
Ferromagnetic random access memory (FRAM)
 Lower power consumption
Static random access memory (SRAM)
 Rapid write cycles
 Needs power supply for data retention

12. Power Supply
Passive
 Require no internal power source or maintenance
 Tag reader is responsible for power
Active
 Require a power source
 More reliable and efficient in rugged environments

13. Active RFID Tags
 Battery Powered tags
 Have much greater range – 100m
 Hold much more information – Kbytes
 Can integrate sensing technology
 Temperature, GPS
 Can signal at defined time
 Multiple tags can be recorded/read at once
 Used for higher value items
 Shipping containers
 Electronic assets
 Cost between $20 and $40 per item
 Life between 2 – 4 years

14. Technical details

15. High Frequency

16. Some RFID readers

17. RFID readers Contd.

18. Some RFID tags

19. Applications
Keyless entry
Electronic Product Code (EPC)
Proximity cards

20. Application Contd.
Payment tokens
Contact-less credit cards
Automatic toll-payment
Euro banknotes
Passports

21. Application Contd.
Libraries
Security device
Bookstores

22. More Applications
 Animal and human implantation
 Avid
 Pet-ID
 VeriChip
 RFID-privacy legislation
 REAL ID Act

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