Section 1 – .docx

Section 1 – The Design Concept
The area of Site B is 13200 m2. Considering that the convenient
transportation access to Site B but the poor environment of it, it
is described as an industrial centre of Neepsend with
workshops, offices and necessary facilities in the Neepsend
AAP. Based on the instruction of AAP, a considerable number
of new buildings will be constructed for live-work

accommodation, art workshops, office, restaurants, cafes, pubs,
bars and a hotel, while the House Skate Park will be preserving.
The sketch plan of Site B is shown in Figure 1.
The new buildings for live-work accommodation (3 floors) and
art workshop (2 floors) are adjacent to each other at the north-
west corner of Site B, with 10% and 13% of the site coverage
respectively. An office building (4 floors) with 12% of site
coverage and a mix-use building (6 floors) for restaurants,
cafes, pubs, bars and a hotel will stand at the middle of the site.
Moreover, there will be a new multi-storey car park (3 floors
and 8% of the site coverage) and pocket green park at the east
corner of Site B. The rest area of Site B consists of
hardstanding (20%), footpath (3%) and roads (8%). The specific
coverage of diverse usages and floors of buildings are available
in Figure 2.
Figure 1: Sketch plan of Site B.
Source: The map from DigiMap. Edited by author.
Figure 2: Buildings and Site Coverage of Site B. (The area of
Other includes the buildings of skate park, restaurants, cafes,
pubs, bars and a hotel.)
Source: Author’s own.
Section 2 - Initial Financial Appraisal
The total land costs of Site B are £3,775,200 (13,200 m2 and
285 per m2) (Figure 3). Then, based on the description in
Neepsend AAP that the land prices and rents are lower than the
others area around the city centre and positive expectation of
that, all the unit costs of various buildings used in the
calculation of construction costs are the average ones and the
construction costs are £20,542,064 (Figure 4). When it comes to
the valuation, most of the prices or rents used in the calculation
are not the average ones. Considering the shortage of parking

space and the number of non-native population in Neepsend, the
rent of multi-storey car park is the largest one (60 of 50-60 per
m2) in the rent range, while that of the hotel is the smallest one
(100 of 100-120 per m2) (Figure 5). The rents of others are a bit
lower than the average numbers. Subsequently, the residual
value of Site B is £1,803,902 and the developer’s profit is 6.1%
(% on cost) (Figure 6).
Figure 3: Land Costs.
Figure 4: Construction Costs.
Figure 5: Valuation.
Figure 6: Financial Appraisal 1.
Section 3 - Design Analysis
1. Development Density
Through changing the development density of the scheme (the
gross floor space of each building increased by 10%) and
keeping the mix of uses and building specifications constant,
the new profit reaches 8.09%. The respective figures in the
CONSTRUCTION COSTS and the VALUATION pages of the
spreadsheet are changed as follows:
Building
Original m2
Revised m2
Multi-storey car park

3168
3485
Offices
5034
5537
Art workshop
3432
3775
Live-work accommodation
3960
4356
A hotel
4940
5434
Pubs and bars
1320
1452
Restaurants and cafes
1320
1452
Total
23174
25491
Developer’s profit
6.10%
8.09%
Table 1: The Change of Each Building-1.
2. Mix of Use
Through changing the mix of uses in the scheme (transfer 10%
of the total gross floor space between the two largest uses- from
offices to hotel) and maintaining the original amount of gross
floor space and specification level, the new profit is 0.64%. The
respective figures in the CONSTRUCTION COSTS and the
VALUATION pages of the spreadsheet are changed as follows:

Building
Original m2
Revised m2
Multi-storey car park
3168
3168
Offices
5034
2717
Art workshop
3432
3432
Live-work accommodation
3960
3960
A hotel
4940
7257
Pubs and bars
1320
1320
Restaurants and cafes
1320
1320
Total
23174
23174
Developer’s profit
6.10%
0.64%
Table 2: The Change of Each Building-2.
3. Building Specification
Through changing the scheme’s building specification (increase
the construction costs and rents by 10%) (Figure 7) and

maintaining the original mix of uses and amount of gross floor
space, the new profit reaches 6.80 in Scheme Valuation B
(Figure 8).
Figure 7: The Change of Building Specification.
Figure 8: The Result of Analyzing change.
4. A comparative analysis of the results
After conducting design changes of the same proportion (10% in
this case) through three comparative approaches, the result
indicates that two (Approach 1 and Approach 3) enhance
profitability but the other (Approach 2) reduces it (Figure 9).
On one hand, Approach 1 (Development Density) and Approach
3 (Building Specification) are slightly similar. Although the
construction costs will arise with the increase of density or
specification, the land costs are fixed, which means the unit
development costs are reduced. As a result, the developer will
gain a higher profit rate through the two approaches. On the
other hand, the developer’s profit rate decreases as the
proportion of the offices are given over to the hotel in Approach
2, and this shows a larger proportion of more profitable land use
can bring developers a higher rate of profit.
Figure 9: The Comparation of Design Change.
Section 4 – Balancing Design and Profitability
As calculated above, the current rate of the developer’s profit is
only 6.10%, lower than 15%, which will have an impact on the
viability of the current development proposal. Considering the

foregoing comparative analysis, enhancing the proportion of
high-profit land use (for offices and hotels) or the density of
high-profit building is a practical approach to create more profit
and make the proposal more viable.
However, some related policies might limit the scope of the
changes. As Policy CS74 from Sheffield Development
Framework Core Strategy (2009) recommends that the
development should be of high quality and ensure the needs of
all residents being met, the space generating non-value but
helping improve the quality should not be removed. Besides, the
City Centre Living SPG (2015) states that car parking is not
necessary beyond the provision of disabled spaces, which means
the parking space is important for Neepsend considering it is
adjacent to the city centre. In a word, the green space, hard
landscaping and car park should be preserving.
Consequently, to balance design and profitability, the current
profit rate might be enhanced by increasing the density of some
high-profit buildings- offices or changing the mix use-
decreasing the proportion of the hotel and enlarging that of
offices.
References
1. Sheffield City Council (2009). Sheffield Development
Framework Core Strategy [online]. Available at:
https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/dam/sheffield/docs/planni
ng-and-development/core-strategy/Core-Strategy---adopted-
March-2009--pdf--6-55-MB-.pdf [Accessed 28 April 2020].
2. Sheffield City Council (2015). City Centre Living
Supplementary Planning Guidance [online]. Available at
https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/dam/sheffield/docs/planni
ng-and-development/sheffield-
plan/City%20Centre%20Living%20-
%20SPG%20Update%20Dec%202015.pdf [Accessed 28 April

2020].
ETHC 101
Discussion Board Reply Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content 70%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Word Count
15 points
Word count is between 500 and 600 words.
11 to 14 points
Word count exceeds 600 words.
1 to 10 points
Word count is less than 500 words.
0 points
Not present
Style
10 points
Reply offers constructive feedback to a classmate in a manner
that is polite, rationally argued, and not overly emotional.
7 or 9 points
Reply offers constructive feedback to a classmate but with some
deficiency of politeness, reasonableness, and/or dispassion.
1 to 6 points
Reply offers little to no constructive feedback, and/or is
strongly impolite, and/or is very emotional.
0 points
The post is not a reply (it is off-topic).
Understanding

10 points
Reply utilizes many of the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class in a manner that demonstrates accurate
understanding.
7 to 9 points
Reply utilizes some of the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class in a manner that demonstrates accurate
understanding.
1 to 6 points
Reply utilizes some of the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class but sometimes in ways that suggest that they
are not correctly understood.
0 points
Reply does not utilize the concepts and technical vocabulary
taught in the class.
Structure 30%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Spelling, Punctuation, and Grammar
10 points
Reply is written in paragraph form and is devoid of spelling,
punctuation, and grammar errors.
7 or 9 points
Reply is not written in paragraph form and/or has occasional
spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors.
1 to 6 points
Reply is not written in paragraph form and has numerous
spelling, punctuation, and grammar problems.
0 points
Not present
Turabian formatting

5 points
Direct references and/or allusions to outside resources (such as
the textbooks) are present and are cited using footnotes in
current Turabian format.
4 points
the textbooks) are present but are cited otherwise than using
footnotes in current Turabian format.
1 to 3 points
the textbooks) are present but the sources are not cited. (Note:
if plagiarism is present, that requires additional corrective
action.)
0 points
No direct references and/or allusions to outside resources are
present.
Total
/50
Instructor's Comments:
Page 1 of 1
5 days ago
Evan Mankin
Relativism vs Absolutism
Collapse
Top of Form
Ethical relativism claims that what is right or wrong can
vary from one person to another (Jones, 14). In one type of
ethical relativism, moral subjectivism, moral judgements are
entirely subjective and are based on one’s personal preference
(Jones, 14). In another type of ethical relativism, cultural
relativism, what is determined to be right versus wrong is
dependent on one’s culture (Jones, 15). On the other hand,
ethical absolutism refers to what is right or what is wrong

regardless of what individual people think. Ethical absolutism
means there are concrete moral principles that do not vary based
on individual opinion or cultural influence (Jones, 21).
A notable weakness of ethical absolutism is that followers of
absolutism tend to be intolerant of those who oppose them or
diverge from their absolute philosophies on moral concerns.
Tolerance of different viewpoints on moral issues is both a
strength and weakness of cultural relativism. This is because
tolerance is a core value of relativism, but relativism claims
that there are no ethical absolutes, even tolerance. Thus,
relativism cannot rely on tolerance as a binding moral value
since there are no absolutes, which unwinds relativism at its
core (Jones, 23). Another argument against relativism is the
problem of specificity. As stated previously, cultural relativism
claims that moral beliefs are created by social groups but cannot
define the group. In this sense moral beliefs about what is right
and what is wrong are only applicable to the specific group, but
what is that group is a subgroup to a larger group which belongs
to an even larger group? This is where problems arise (Jones,
24). Reduction to absurdity is another argument against
relativism. Relativism states that an individual is subject to
their own opinion and preference on what is right and wrong.
However, when an individual decides an action that is agreeably
immoral such as terrorism, racism or antisemitism is morally
right within his or her own beliefs, this is where relativism falls
apart (Jones, 26).
Christian ethics is absolutist, not relativistic. There are clear
instructions outlined in the Bible about what is right and what is
wrong in the eyes of God. There are no exceptions or
exemptions to the word of God, as we are all followers of Christ
and are held to equal moral standards. The Bible is “a source of
genuine knowledge for human beings-not mere preferences or
personal values” (McQuilkin, 14). The Bible includes guidance
that is moral facts, which is consistent with ethical absolutism.
Romans 14-15 reads “if your brother or sister is distressed
because of what you eat, you are no longer acting in love. Do

not by your eating destroy someone for whom Christ died.” This
verse ties back in the idea of tolerance, which as an absolute
value coincides with absolutism but agrees with the general
concept behind relativism, where each person’s own beliefs
should be respected. Each person has a right to a conscience and
all followers of Christ must respect each other’s convictions.
The Bible provides moral facts about what is right and wrong
rather than allowing for personal preferences, but as seen in
Romans 14-15 one is still to respect the beliefs of others.
Jones. Moral Reasoning: An Intentional Approach to
Distinguishing Right from Wrong.. [Liberty University Online
Bookshelf].
McQuilkin, Robertson, and Paul Copan. An Introduction to
Biblical Ethics: Walking in the Way of Wisdom, InterVarsity
Press, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral-
proquest-
com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=331688
5.
Bottom of Form
Financial Appraisal Report Content
The financial appraisal report should contain 4 sections that
cover the initial design concept, initial financial appraisal,
design and financial viability analysis, balancing design and
profitability. Further detail on each of these sections is provided
below.
Section 1. The Initial Development Proposal
This section should provide a brief description of the design
concept, comprising of (i) a copy of the design concept
drawing; and (ii) the basic details of the design concept in a
style similar to that of the example used in class. You should
use the table found in the SCHEME NOTES sheet of the spread
sheet. You will need to estimate the m2 floor space of each
building use (such as office, retail residential), carparking and

each site work (grassed areas, hard landscaping, footpath, roads
etc). To do this, you will need to make some assumptions about
the % proportion of the site area given over to each of these. A
general guestimate is perfectly fine. The total ground floor area
of all buildings plus the area of all site works should match the
site area. You will also need to make some assumptions about
how may floors each building has to fully complete the table.
Section 2. Initial Financial Appraisal
The residual valuation of the design concept, including:
1. Cost and value data: A brief explanation of your choice of
cost and value data. It is not necessary to go through the cost
and value data one by one. Your broad approach should be set
out. For example, that if you have designed a high-quality
scheme and selected costs and values from the high end of the
ranges given, explain why.
1. The appraisal: present the full workings by screen shotting
and reproducing the following spreadsheet sheets in the report
(each sheet should have its own page) – LAND COSTS,
CONSTRUCTION COSTS, VALUATION and APPRAISAL 1.
1. The result: state the rate of developer’s profit achieved and
comment (briefly) on the viability of the scheme.
Please note, the purpose of this section of the financial
appraisal report is not to prove your design concept achieves a
15-20% profit. You are simply undertaking an initial analysis to
determine your design concept’s profitability in order to help
you complete the remaining sections of the report.
Section 3. Design and Financial Viability
Undertake a ‘hypothetical’ design analysis on your design
concept and analyse the results. This should cover:
1. For each ‘hypothetical’ design change (development density,
mix of use and building specification):
0. a brief description of the method, including tables of area
changes for density and use changes (as set out on page 1 of the

note on ‘Design and Financial Viability’); and a statement of
the % increase and / or decrease in construction costs and rents
/ prices for specification changes (as on page 2 of the note);
0. the resulting developer’s profit.
1. A comparative analysis of the results, including a
commentary and tables in the style of those presented in the
notes and lecture slides.
Section 4. Balancing Design and Profitability
A consideration, in the light of the foregoing analyses, of the
scope for revising the design concept to achieve a better balance
between design and profitability, covering:
1. Design changes that either (i) for high profit design concepts,
will enhance design and reduce profit without making the
design concept financially unviable; or (ii) for low profit design
concepts, will enhance profit without making the design concept
unacceptable in design terms.
Please note, the purpose of Section 4 is not to prove your
revised design concept achieves a 15-20% profit. Rather, you
should demonstrate what design changes you will consider that
will help to effectively achieve a better balance between design
and profitability.
Financial Appraisal Report Format
The report should be A4 size and paginated so that the
document is divided into discrete pages and is reproduced in a
professional manner. Screenshots of the appraisal workings
should be clear and legible. The title page should carry the title
of the assessment, your student number, the University, the
Department and course details, and the date of submission.
The word guidefor the text part of this assessment report (that
is, excluding Tables etc) is 750 - 1000 words; the word limitis
1,250 words. You must include a word count of the text on your
cover page.

Section 1 – .docx

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