Name: ______________________ Psych 100 Hypothesis Testing and Critical Evaluations #2 1. A total of 100 undergraduates were recruited to participate in a study on the effects of study location on learning. The study employed a 2 x 2 between-subjects design, with all participants studying a chapter on the science of gravity and then being tested on the to-be-learned material one week later. Fifty of the participants were asked to study the chapter at the library, whereas the other fifty were asked to study the chapter at home. As a separate manipulation, participants were either told to study the chapter for 30 min or 120 min. The hypothetical set of data shown below represents the level of performance of participants on the test as a function of condition. 30 min 120 min Library 60 80 Home 40 60 a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one). b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one). c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the nature of the interaction by comparing the simple effects. d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure provided. 0 20 40 60 80 100 30 min 120 min Library Home e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study location affects learning? (be sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof) Name: ______________________ Psych 100 2. Now pretend that the following data were obtained: 30 min 120 min Library 50 90 Home 50 70 a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one). b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one). c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the nature of the interaction by comparing the simple effects. d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure provided. 0 20 40 60 80 100 30 min 120 min Library Home e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study location affects learning? (be sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof) Name: ______________________ Psych 100 3. Now pretend that the following data were obtained: 30 min 120 min Library 50 90 Home 60 80 a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one). b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one). c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the nature of the interaction by comparing the simple effect ...

1. Name: ______________________ Psych 100
Hypothesis Testing and Critical Evaluations #2
1. A total of 100 undergraduates were recruited to participate in
a study on the effects of study location
on learning. The study employed a 2 x 2 between-subjects
design, with all participants studying a
chapter on the science of gravity and then being tested on the
to-be-learned material one week later.
Fifty of the participants were asked to study the chapter at the
library, whereas the other fifty were
asked to study the chapter at home. As a separate manipulation,
participants were either told to study
the chapter for 30 min or 120 min. The hypothetical set of data
shown below represents the level of
performance of participants on the test as a function of
condition.
30 min 120 min
Library 60 80
Home 40 60
a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).
b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

2. c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the
nature of the interaction by
comparing the simple effects.
d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure
provided.
0
20
40
60
80
100
30 min 120 min
Library
Home
e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study
location affects learning? (be

3. sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)
Name: ______________________ Psych 100
2. Now pretend that the following data were obtained:
30 min 120 min
Library 50 90
Home 50 70
a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).
b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).
c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the
nature of the interaction by
comparing the simple effects.
d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure

4. provided.
0
20
40
60
80
100
30 min 120 min
Library
Home
e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study
location affects learning? (be
sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)
Name: ______________________ Psych 100
3. Now pretend that the following data were obtained:
30 min 120 min

5. Library 50 90
Home 60 80
a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).
b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).
c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the
nature of the interaction by
comparing the simple effects.
d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure
provided.
0
20
40
60
80

6. 100
30 min 120 min
Library
Home
e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study
location affects learning? (be
sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)
Name: ______________________ Psych 100
4. Now pretend that the following data were obtained:
30 min 120 min
Library 95 95
Home 95 95
a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).
b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering,
provide the marginal means and
state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

7. c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the
nature of the interaction by
comparing the simple effects.
d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure
provided.
0
20
40
60
80
100
30 min 120 min
Library
Home
e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study
location affects learning? (be

8. sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)
Name: ______________________ Psych 100
In an earlier assignment you were asked to test a number of
hypotheses using the experimental
method. For the current Hypothesis Testing exercise, you are
asked to test the same hypotheses using
a factorial design. The goal is to show that each hypothesis is
true under one condition, but not (or
reversed) under another condition. In other words, the goal is
to predict an interaction.
5. Bad experiences are more likely to be remembered than good
experiences
Independent Variable #1:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____
Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Independent Variable #2:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____

9. Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Operational Definition of DV:
_____________________________________________________
_______________
Sample/Population:
_____________________________________________________
_______________________
Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are
predicting it: _________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you
plan to find a good balance: ______________________

10. _____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual
numbers for your predictions):
IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2
IV #2
Level 1
IV #2
Level 2
Name: ______________________ Psych 100
6. Students perform better in class when they take notes using
pen and paper instead of a laptop

11. Independent Variable #1:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____
Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Independent Variable #2:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____
Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Operational Definition of DV:
_____________________________________________________
_______________
Sample/Population:
_____________________________________________________
_______________________
Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are
predicting it: _________________________________

12. _____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you
plan to find a good balance: ______________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual
numbers for your predictions):

13. IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2
IV #2
Level 1
IV #2
Level 2
Name: ______________________ Psych 100
7. Bad news travels fast (proverb)
Independent Variable #1:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____
Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Independent Variable #2:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____

14. Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Operational Definition of DV:
_____________________________________________________
_______________
Sample/Population:
_____________________________________________________
_______________________
Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are
predicting it: _________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you

15. plan to find a good balance: ______________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual
numbers for your predictions):
IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2
IV #2
Level 1
IV #2
Level 2

16. Name: ______________________ Psych 100
8. Too many cooks spoil the broth (proverb)
Independent Variable #1:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____
Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Independent Variable #2:
___________________________________ within subjects
_____ between subjects _____
Level 1:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Level 2:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________
Operational Definition of DV:
_____________________________________________________
_______________
Sample/Population:

17. _____________________________________________________
_______________________
Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are
predicting it: _________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you
plan to find a good balance: ______________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

18. ________________________________________
Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual
numbers for your predictions):
IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2
IV #2
Level 1
IV #2
Level 2
Running Head: RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 1
RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 4
Rhetorical Analysis
India Valdez
08/08/19

19. South University
Rhetorical Analysis
How the Future Will Judge Us is an article written by
Kwame Appiah. The author, in his article, states and explains
four significant practices that the future will choose to judge the
present society (Appiah, 2010) (Appiah, 2010). These practices
consist of the isolated and institutionalized elderly, the
environment, the prison structure, and the industrial production
of meat. To convince and persuade the readers, the writer uses
rhetorical strategies that comprise pathos, logos, and ethos
(Seyler & A.Brizee). The following essay expounds on how
Appiah uses these rhetorical devices to convince the audience as
to how the current society will be judged in the future based on
the four practices he talks about in his article.
Research has revealed that a significant number of
prisoners in the United States, according to numerous
psychologists, have been incarcerated under conditions that
amount to suffering. Nevertheless, people tend to ward off such
facts from their eyes (Appiah, 2010). There have been many
debates against factory farming cruelty over the years.
Individuals who consume factory-farmed chicken or bacon shy
away from the stomach-turning tales concerning the activities
that take place within the industrial slaughterhouses.
In a world where nearly everyone has a job outside their
home, keeping the elderly and their kids closer has come to be a
challenge (Appiah, 2010). As such, one can only question if
indeed the western modernity has amounted to a society that
feels no family obligation to these inconvenient elders. The
society’s wasteful approach toward the world’s ecology and

20. natural resources is also a significant basis of condemnation in
the future (Seyler & A.Brizee). In spite of being aware of the
damage done by practices such as pollution, the emission of
greenhouse gases, overfishing, deforestation and wetland
destruction, the society is inclined to avert their eyes from these
practices.
Ethos is utilized in essays to obtain the trust of the
readers in addition to exhibiting an understanding of the issue
under discussion. In this article, Appiah incorporates ethos
wherein he explains that his mother spent her final fifty years
living in Ghana, where she was visited daily by her Ghanaian
family who lived next door (Appiah, 2010). As such, the
writer’s mother had the benefit of living in a society wherein
the elderly were treated with concern and respect (Seyler &
A.Brizee). The utilization of ethos reveals that Appiah
understands of the isolation of the elderly, which ultimately
acquires the reader’s trust. Logos is used in writings to
convince writers through the use of reason or logic by stating
evidence comprising facts, authority, and precedents (Seyler &
A.Brizee). In his essay, Appiah says that prisoners constitute
25% of the US population, and over 100,000 of these prisoners
suffer sexual abuse such as rape every year. The author states
these facts to show the reasoning behind the torture within the
prison system (Appiah, 2010). Pathos is utilized to engage the
emotions of the readers. The use of pathos by Appiah is
revealed where he joins the audience to picture their
grandchildren seeing a picture in which cattle are surrounded by
heaps of their feces as their nostrils are filled with the smell of
their urine in overcrowded shelters that encompass numerous
diseases.
In conclusion, Appiah appeals to emotion and appeal are
effective in convincing and persuading a reader concerning the
allegations of condemnation of the present society in the future
based on the four practices which comprise isolated and
institutionalized elderly, the environment, the prison structure,
and the industrial production of meat.

21. References
Appiah, K. A. (2010). How the Future Will Judge Us. The
Washingtonpost, 1-3.
Seyler, D., & A.Brizee. (n.d.). Read, Reason, Write: An
Argument Text and Reader. New York: McGrwaw Hill.