dhanbad school of nursing

1. Presented By :
Master Rohit
GNM 3rd year student
Dhanbad School Of Nursing

2. INTRODUCTION
 Birth asphyxia is the leading of neonatal mortility and
morbidity.
 It is also an important causes of development delay
and neurological problems both in term and preterm
infants.

3. DEFINITION
 Birth asphyxia is the non establishment of satisfactory
pulmonary respiration at birth.
 Also known as Asphyxia Neonatorum

4. Etiology
Antepartum causes
 Inadequate oxygenation of maternal blood due to
hypoventilation during anesthesia, heart diseases,
pneumonia, respiratory failure
 Low maternal blood pressure due to hypotension e.g.
compression of vena cava and aorta, excess anaesthesia.
 Premature separation of placenta
 Placental insufficiency
Intra partum causes
 Inadequate relaxation of uterus due to excess oxytocin
 prolonged delivery
 Knotting of umbilical cord around the neck of infant

5. Risk factors
 Elderly or young mothers
 Prolonged rupture of membranes
 Meconium-stained fluid
 Multiple births
 Lack of antenatal care
 Low birth weight infants
 Malpresentation
 Augmentation of labour with oxytocin
 Antepartum hemorrhage
 Severe eclampsia and pre-eclampsia
 Antepartum and intrapartum anemia[10]

6. Clinical manifestations
 Depends upon etiology, intensity, duration of oxygen
lack
 Loss of muscle tone
 Periodic & irregular breathing
 Loss of reflexes
 Apnea
 Seizures

7. Diagnostic evaluation
 Based on APGAR score
 APGAR scoring system to be assessed immediately
after birth and after 5 minutes of birth:
1. 0-3- severe depression
2. 4-6- moderate depression
3. 7-10- no depression

8. Treatment
 T= Maintenance of temperature
 A= Establish open airway: Suctioning, if necessary
endotracheal intubation
 B= Breathing: Through tactile stimulation, PPV, bag and
mask, or through endotracheal tube
 C= Circulation: Through chest compressions and
medications if needed
 D= Drugs: Adrenaline .01 of .1 solution
 Hypothermia treatment to reduce the extent of brain injury
 Epinephrine 1:10000 (0.1-0.3ml/kg) IV
 Saline solution for hypovolemia

9. Complications
 Neurodevelopmental defect
 Death of child