A descriptive-correlational one-shot survey study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude toward Zika Virus Disease among pregnant women in Iloilo City. Using a validated self-completion questionnaire, a total of 102 women seeking prenatal consultation in 10 District Health Centers in Iloilo City were conveniently chosen as study participants. Descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistical tools were employed to analyze the data. Results indicated that the most common sources of information about Zika Virus Disease were the television and radio. Majority of pregnant women had low level of knowledge but had positive attitude toward Zika Virus Disease. More than half thought that Zika Virus Disease can be transmitted through saliva, talking face to face and by skin to skin contact. Only a few knew that the disease can spread through sexual contact. While many pregnant women felt that Zika Virus Disease is a serious disease that can cause serious problems to their babies, only a little more than half believed that they are susceptible of acquiring the disease. There were no significant differences in the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women classified according to age, civil status, educational attainment and monthly family income. A significant relationship was found between knowledge about Zika Virus Disease and attitude toward the disease. The findings suggest that public health intervention programs must address knowledge gaps and focus on correcting misconceptions to raise awareness and promote favorable attitude toward Zika Virus Disease.

1. ZIKAVIRUS DISEASE:
Knowledge and Attitude
of Pregnant Women in Iloilo City
Andrea Yvone S. Hiponia,
Christela Claire G. Jover,
Grant Hill P. Macabales,
Emmi Jane M. Ngitngit,
Blanche Therese P. Ricamonte,
Ryan Michael F. Oducado

2. Transmitted by
Aedes mosquito
SYMPTOMS:
Mild fever
Skin rash
Conjunctivitis
Women are more at
risk
NO treatment
or vaccine is
available
Severe manifestation:
Microcephaly in babies and Guillain-
Barre in adults

3. In the Philippines, a total of 57 Zika cases were reported in the country. With the age ranging from
7-59 years old. No mortality cases were reported.
12 of the 19 cases come from
Western Visayas
18 from the National Capital
Region
3 from Calabarzon
1 from Central Visayas
11 from Iloilo City and 1 case
from Oton, Iloilo
38 (67%) FEMALES 19 (33%) MALES

4. ZIKA
VIRUS
ZVD Studies
Conducted
Abroad
Gupta et al., 2016
Harapan et al., 2017
Mouchtouri
et al., 2017
Ibrahim et al., 2017
Shartzer et al., 2016
VIRUSVIRUS

5. ZIKA
VIRUS
Community
Interventions

6. ZIKA
VIRUS
Sources of Information

7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
ANTECEDENT VARIABLES INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Knowledge Level
on ZVD
Attitude towards
ZVD
Sociodemographic
Characteristics
Age
Educational Attainment
Civil Status
Monthly Family Income

8. Descriptive Correlational, one-shot survey
utilizing convenience sampling.
102

9. Arevalo Health Center 18/20
Jaro I Health Center 7/15
Jaro II Health Center 6/8
La Paz Health Center 8/10
La Paz Maternal
Health Center 27/50
Lapuz Health Center 11/15
Tanza Health Center 9/10
Mandurriao Health Center 3/3
Molo Health Center 7/11
Sto. Rosario Health Center 6/10
ZIKA
VIRUS

10. AGE
CIVIL STATUS
MONTHLY FAMILY
INCOME
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
Distribution of the Participants According to Socio-demographic
CharacteristicsENTIRE GROUP 102 100 %
18-25 60 58.8 %
26-35 33 32.4%
36+ 9 8.8%
Married 46 45.1%
Single/ Cohabitating
Separated
56 54.9%
Elementary
level/graduate
5 4.9%
High school
level/graduate
53 52.0%
Technical Vocational/
College level/graduate
44 43.1%
High Income 51 50%
Low Income 51 50%

11. 1
2
3
4
5
Existing Literature +
Pre Interview RESEARCH
INSTRUME
NT
Content and Face
Validation
Four (4) Jurors
Translation
Forward and Back
Translation
Pilot-testing
Reliability
Pearson’s
Correlation
Coefficient
Knowledge = .709
Attitude = .744

12. 1
32
54
Permission from the CHO and
MHO of each health center
During scheduled pre-
natal check-ups
Answering of the
questionnaire
Data were gathered in
the months of August
and September 2017
Explanation of objectives, secured
informed consents and distribution of
questionnaire
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE:

13. Statistical
Tools
Alpha Level of
Significance= 0.05
ZIKA
VIRUS
Percentage
Mean
Standard Deviation
Rank
Kruskall-Wallis
Mann-Whitney U-Test
Spearman Correlation
Frequency

14. 93.1%
33.3% 9.8%
9.8%
8.8%
8.8%
3.9%
Sources of Information
33.3% 9.8%
8.8%
8.8%
6.9%
3.9%
2.9%2.9%1%
1%
1%
1%

15. Gupta et al, 2016
ZIKA
VIRUS
Harapan et al, 2017
Related
Studies

16. 5%
LEVEL OF
KNOWLEDGE
PERCENTAGE
0 20 40 60 80 100
HIGH
AVERAGE
LOW
36%
60%
Proportion according to Level of
Knowledge
about ZVD among Pregnant Women in
Iloilo City
Mean = 7.5

17. Low Level of Knowledge
were identified among:
Dental
Practitioners
Gupta et al,
2016
Doctors
Harapan et al, 2017
Medical Students
Ibrahim et al,
2017
Pregnant
Women
Mouchtouri et al,
2017
ZIKA
VIRUS
Women of
Reproductive Age
Shartzer et al,
2016

18. 3
2
1
Water that remains in an open container for
several days is the main source of mosquitoes
that causes Zika Virus Disease.
91. 2%
Window screens and bed nets can prevent
mosquitoes from biting a person. 87.3 %
Fever and red eyes are common symptoms
of Zika Virus Disease. 74.5 %
ZIKA
VIRUS

19. 4
Zika Virus Disease is not exactly the same as dengue
fever.
63.7%
Muscle pain is a symptom of Zika Virus Disease.
Zika Virus Disease can be prevented by cleaning the
environment.
Stomach pain is a symptom of Zika Virus Disease.
Not only females can acquire Zika Virus Disease.
5
6.5
6.5
7
55.9%
54.9%
54.9%
53.9%
ZIKA
VIRUS

20. 8
Mosquito carrying Zika Virus Disease not only bites at
night. 43.1%
A person can not get Zika Virus Disease through skin
to skin contact.
Talking face to face with a client infected with Zika Virus
Disease can not transmit the said disease.
Zika Virus Disease can not be transmitted through
saliva or sweat.
Zika virus disease can be transmitted from one to another
through sexual contact.
9
10
11
12
39.2%
38.2%
31.4%
24.5%
ZIKA
VIRUS

21. 13
Severe complication of Zika Virus Disease could
not cause macrocephaly big head to babies.
Vomiting of blood is not a sign of Zika Virus
Disease.
Convulsions is not a complication of Zika
Virus Disease.
There is no immunization for Zika Virus
Disease.
14
15
16
8.8%
5.9%
4.9%
18.6%
ZIKA
VIRUS

22. Category Kruskall-Wallis Mann-Whitney U-test 2-tail Sig
Age 3.34 .188
18-26
27-35
36 and above
Educational Attainment 1.62 .444
Elementary level/ graduate
Highschool level/graduate
Technical Vocational/ college level/graduate
Civil Status 1203.0 .565
Married
Single/ Cohabitating/ Separated
Monthly Family Income 1207.5 .531
Low Income
High Income
Significant Differences
Knowledge
ZIKA
VIRUS

23. 5.9%
ATTITUD
E
PERCENTAGE
0 20 40 60 80 100
Unfavorable
Favorable 94.1%
Proportion according to Level of
Attitude
about ZVD among Pregnant Women in
Iloilo City
Mean = 11.5

24. Low Level of Knowledge
were identified among:
Doctors
Harapan et al.,
2017
ZIKA
VIRUS
Respondents
Khan et al.,
2016

25. 1 I think that attending seminars about Zika Virus Disease can help me learn about the
disease.
96.1%
2 I think that sharing information about preventive measures of Zika Virus Disease can help
the community to be aware of the disease.
95.1%
3 I believe I can prevent the abnormality in the size of the head of my baby if I protect myself
from Zika Virus Disease.
93.1%
4 I believe protecting myself from Zika Virus Disease is my responsibility. 92.2%
5 I am worried to Zika Virus Disease because it is a serious disease.
85.3%
6 It is not a complete waste of time if I clear an open container filled with watering my
surroundings.
84.3%
7 I consider Zika Virus Disease as an curable disease.
83.3%
8 I feel that Zika Virus Disease could cause serious problems for my baby.
78.4%
9 I think cleaning the environment is not uneasy for a pregnant woman to do.
76.5%
ZIKA
VIRUS
Ranks of
Correct
Attitude
Items

26. 10
I think that I can prevent myself from mosquito bites by wearing
long sleeves and pants. 70.6%
11 I think it is not time consuming to keep my surroundings clean from
sources of mosquito breeding sites.
67.6%
12 I think that if I am infected with Zika Virus Disease it may cause
delayed developmental growth to my baby.
61.8%
13 I do not find it challenging to keep my environment clean and free
from mosquito breeding sites.
58.8%
14 I think that Zika Virus Disease is a not normal occurrence
among pregnant women.
55.9%
15 I think I am at risk of getting Zika Virus Disease.
53.9%
ZIKA
VIRUS
Ranks of
Correct
Attitude
Items

27. Category Kruskall-Wallis Mann-Whitney U-test 2-tail Sig
Age 1.24 .537
18-26
27-35
36 and above
Educational Attainment 5.20 .074
Elementary level/ graduate
Highschool level/graduate
Technical Vocational/ college level/graduate
Civil Status 1.247.0 .780
Married
Single/ Cohabitating/ Separated
Monthly Family Income 1099.5 .173
Low Income
High Income
Significant Differences
Attitude
ZIKA
VIRUS

28. Relationship
Knowledge and
Attitude
Significant Positive
Weak Relationship
Sig.= .011Spearman Rho Correlation Value = .251
ZIKA
VIRUS

29. Conclusions
TRI-MEDIA KNOWLEDGE GAPS
POSITIVE PERCEPTION AND
FAVORABLE BELIEFS
POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPKNOWLEDGE AND ATTITTUDE
DOES NOT VARY
Television Radio No current
reported cases
Personal Characteristics
ZVD and Dengue share
the same vector
Cause and
transmission
Knowledge influences
attitude
ZIKA
VIRUS
Knowledge
Attitude

30. Recommend
ations
MULTI-SECTORAL
APPROACH
MORE ACTIVE
ROLES
AMONG HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS
PUBLIC HEALTH
INTERVENTION
PROGRAMS
HEALTH EDUCATION
EXTENSION
PROGRAMS
ZIKA
VIRUS

31. References
ZIKA
VIRUS
Ibrahim,N.K., Moshref, R.H., Moshref, L.H., Walid, J.B., Alsati, H.S., (2017). Knowledge and attitudes towards Zika virus
among medical students in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. doi:
10.1016/j.jiph.2017.02.015
Mouchtouri,V.A., Papagiannis,D.,Katsioulis,A.,Rachiotis, G., Dafopoulos,K., Hadjichristodoulou,C.
(2017). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices about the Prevention of Mosquito Bites and Zika Virus Disease in Pregnant
Women in Greece. International Journal of Research and Public Health, 14 (4), 367. doi:10.3390/ijerph14040367
Gupta,N., Randhawa, R.K., Thakar, S., Bansal, M., Gupta, P., Arora, V. (2016). Knowledge regarding Zika virus infection
among dental practitioners of tricity area (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali), India. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal,
23(1) , 33-37. Retrieved from: http://www.npmj.org/text.asp?2016/23/1/33/180179
Harapan, H., Aletta, A., Anwar, S., Setiawan, A.M., Maulana, R., Wahyuniati, N., Ramadana, M.R., Haryanto, S., Rodriguez-
Morales, A.J., Jamil, K.F. (2017). Healthcare workers' knowledge towards Zika virus infection in Indonesia: A survey in Aceh.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10 (2), 189-194 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.01.018
Shartzer, A., Johnston, E., Courtot, B., Kenney, G.M. (2016). Women of Reproductive Age Lack Knowledge of Zika
Virus Transmission and Effects. Retrieved from:https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/84811/2000958-women-
of- reproductive-age-lack-knowledge-of-zika-virus-transmission-and-effects.pdf

32. ZIKAVIRUS DISEASE:
Knowledge and Attitude
of Pregnant Women in Iloilo City
THANK YOU!