New generation cars

1.  DEFINTION
 PARTS
 TYPES
 WORKING
 CHARGING OF BATTERIES
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 COSTS
 FUTURE

2.  NAME : Tariq Ibrahim
 ENROLL NO.: 51/2011
 ROLL NO. :07
 BRANCH : Mechanical

3.  Hybrid cars are vehicles or cars that use two or
more power sources .In these types of cars , the
two power sources are mostly the electric
motor and internal combustion engines . The
energy to the electric motor is availed by a
battery while the engine generates its own
power with the help of gasoline in the fuel
tank. These are simply called HEV’ s i.e ,
hybrid electric vehicles.

5.  Internal combustion engine
 Electric motors
 Batteries
 Fuel cell
 Energy collector/convertor.
 Control system

7.  CONVENTIONAL CAR ENGINES : It can be a
gasoline or petrol or diesel engine . But whatever
engine is used it is more advanced than the usual
ones , as they have to work together with the
electric system . They will be smaller with greater
efficiency and smaller size.
 FUEL TANK : For storing the fuel to run the
engine.
 BATTERIES : They are used to store and release
the energy as required by the car . These are made
of nickel metal hydride . they give mileage of 5
miles per kilowatt hour.

8.  ELECTRIC MOTOR AND GENERATOR :
Though motors can act as generators both of
them are needed for a car . A motor will be
needed to take energy from the batteries while
generators are needed to produce electric
power to recharge the batteries.
 CONTROL SYSTEM:A control system
determines the best balance of engine and
electric power to achieve most efficient
vehicles.
 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM : It is same as in the
conventional cars.

9.  Usually cars run on petrol or diesel but there
inefficiencies led to the inventions of electric
cars . But electric cars have disadvantages of
frequent battery charging and insufficient long
drives.so a better solution to the inefficiency
was made by involving a combination of both.

12.  IN 1901 Ferdinand developed the very first
gasoline electric hybrid . The hybrid electric
vehicle did not become widely available until
the release of Toyota Prius in 1997.Over 7.5
million hybrid vehicles have been sold till now.

13. TOYOTA PRIUS(Latest model 2014)

14. 1:Series hybrid car
2:Parallel hybrid car
3:Series/parallel hybrid

15.  A series hybrid has two power sources linked together in the series ,
meaning that the output of the first source feeds in the input of the
second and there is only one power source directly connected to the
vehicles transmission .The most common of these is a gasoline or petrol
engine turning an electric generator . the electricity powers electric
motors which link to the drive wheels.in this engine and motor are in
series and the gasoline does not connect with the drive wheels.

16.  A parallel hybrid has two power sources connected
through the transmission to the drive wheels . Each
power source may supply some or all the power
needed by the vehicle at any particular moment
.Common examples of parallel hybrids are vehicles in
which both a gasoline and electric motor connect to the
same transmission.

17. SERIES PARALLEL
 These are common in
larger and more powerful
applications including
most locomotives and
ships . They have greater
ability to minimize power
requirements on a
gasoline engine during
starting and stopping
makes them fit for
vehicles commonly used
in city traffic.
 It allows both the power
sources to work
simultaneously allowing
the optimized
performance of each .
while this strategy allows
for increased efficiency
and performance , the
transmission systems are
usually complicated and
expensive.

18.  The series parallel hybrid system uses an
electric motor to drive vehicle at low speeds
and loads and gasoline engine when load and
speed increases . The electric motor and the
gasoline work independently or together
depending on power requirement .The electric
motor uses power from a high voltage battery
which is charged by the internal combustion
engine and by reclaiming the waste energy of
deaccellerating or braking.

21.  The braking system that can recapture much of the car’s kinetic
energy and convert it into electricity so that it can be used to
recharge the car’s batteries is called regenerative braking.
 WORKING : In hybrid car’s and other electric cars keeping the
battery charged is of considerable importance . In a traditional,
brake pads produce friction with the brake rotors to slow or stop
the vehicle . Additional friction is produced between the road .
This friction converts the car’s kinetic energy into heat . With
regenerative brakes, on the other hand , the system that drives the
vehicle does the majority of the braking . when the driver steps on
the brake pedals of the hybrids ,these types of brakes put the
vehicle in the reverse mode thus slowing the car’s vehicles . While
running backwards the motor acts a generator ,producing
electricity that is then fed into batteries . These types of brakes
work better at certain speeds than the other .In fact they are more
effective in stop and go driving situations . However hybrids also
have friction brakes as a kind of backup in situations where
regenerative don’t work.

24. 

25.  Li ion batteries are mostly used because of their
high energy per unit mass relative to electric
energy storage systems . They also have high
energy efficiency , good temperature
performance and low self discharge . Nickel
metal hydride batteries are also used as they
offer reasonable energy and power capabilities
. They are costly , have high self discharge and
heat generation at high temperatures
 The main advantage of these batteries is that
these can be recycled.

26.  Most hybrid batteries last 180000 to 240000
miles.
 Manufacture battery warranties
 HONDA:8 years/800000 miles.
 TOYOTA:8 years/1000000 miles.
 FORD:8 years/1000000 miles.

27. 

28. 

29.  Toyota offers more hybrids than the other
company.it has sold about 5 million units till now
.Now it plans to produce a hydrogen powered fuel
cell cars in 2015.if Toyota pulls off its plan to launch
in 2015 the new model will be the first produced fuel
cell car . Their plan involves a fuel cell that reacts
stored hydrogen with atmospheric oxygen to
generate electricity and powers the vehicle.

30.  “THANK
YOU”