About Basic Surveying

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Fundamentals of Soil and Water Conservation
Engineering
(AGL308)
Mr. Rohitashv Nagar
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy
School of Agricultural Sciences
Career Point University, Kota (Raj.)

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Lecture-3
Basic Surveying

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Surveying: Surveying is the science and art of
determining the relative positions of points above, on, or
beneath the earth’s surface and locating the points in the
field.

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Types of Surveys
1. Photogrammetry – mapping utilizing data obtained by camera or
other sensors carried in airplanes or satellites.
2. Boundary Surveying – establishing property corners, boundaries, and
areas of land parcels.
3. Control Surveying – establish a network of horizontal and vertical
monuments that serve as a reference framework for other survey
projects.

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4. Engineering Surveying – Providing points and elevations for the
building Civil Engineering projects.
5. Topographic Surveying – Collecting data and preparing maps
showing the locations of natural man-made features and elevations of
points of the ground for multiple uses.
6. Route Surveys – Topographic and other surveys for long – narrow
projects associated with Civil Engineering projects like- Highways,
railroads, pipelines.

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7. Hydrographic Surveying – Mapping of shorelines and the bottom
of bodies of water.

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Leveling : Leveling is the determination of the elevation of a point or
difference between points referenced to some datum.
Importance of land leveling:
1. To provide a slope which fits a water supply.
2. To level the field to its best condition with minimal earth
movement and then vary the water supply for the field condition.
3. Land leveling always improves the efficiency of water, labour and
energy resources utilization.

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