ROJoson PEP Talk: Liver Cancer and Viral Hepatitis Awareness

Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the relationship of
liver cancer and viral
hepatitis and their
prevention in health
management.
January 07, 2023
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Empowerment
objective - for
understanding of
the relationship of
hepatitis and their
management.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
ROJoson PEP Talk
I have a Patient
Empowerment
Program in which I
like to empower the
lay people or
patients to take
control in the
management of
their health.

There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.

From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer.

Empowerment
objective - for
understanding of
the relationship of
hepatitis and their
management.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
My PEP TALK today is
entitled:
Liver Cancer and Viral
Hepatitis Awareness
This PEP Talk forms
part of my
contribution to the
Liver Cancer and Viral
Hepatitis Awareness
and Prevention
Month. (PH – 2023)

Contents
• When is the Liver Cancer and Viral Hepatitis Awareness
and Prevention Month in the Philippines?
• Why was the law on the awareness promulgated?
• What are the objectives of Liver Cancer and Viral
Hepatitis Awareness and Prevention Month?
• How do we observe the Liver Cancer and Viral Hepatitis
Awareness and Prevention Month? You and Me?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Contents
• How common is liver cancer in the Philippines?
• What are common causes of liver cancer in the Philippines?
• Why prevent viral hepatitis to control liver cancer?
• What is the mechanism by which viral hepatitis B and C cause liver cancers?
• What is HEPATITIS? Different types and causes of HEPATITIS?
• What are viral HEPATITIS? Different types?
• What are the symptoms of VIRAL HEPATITIS? ACUTE / CHRONIC? How to diagnose
HEPATITIS? ACUTE / CHRONIC?
• What are diagnostic tests to firm up a suspicion of ACUTE / CHRONIC VIRAL
HEPATITIS?
• What are the differences among Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
• What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B? preventive measures? Usual diagnostic
tests? Treatment?
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and advice on Liver Cancer and Viral
Hepatitis Awareness and Prevention Month for the Filipinos?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10526 (2013)
AN ACT DECLARING THE MONTH OF JANUARY OF EVERY YEAR AS
"LIVER CANCER AND VIRAL HEPATITIS AWARENESS AND
PREVENTION MONTH"
The Philippines, through Republic Act No. 10526
approved on 2013, observes the Liver Cancer and
Viral Hepatitis Awareness and Prevention Month
every January of the year.

• Why was the law on the Liver Cancer and Viral Hepatitis
Awareness and Prevention Month promulgated?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
To decrease / control the incidence of liver
cancers that are associated with viral hepatitis as
• viral hepatitis is one of the causes of liver
cancers in the Philippines and
• viral hepatitis is preventable or controllable.
The assumption is that there is a significant
incidence of liver cancer that is associated with
viral hepatitis.

Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Section 4. Public Education and Awareness Program. – To
ensure the meaningful observance of the month as herein
declared,
a comprehensive public education and awareness program
shall he undertaken on the communicable disease of viral
hepatitis.
The program shall specifically discuss the causes,
transmission, consequences, diagnoses, treatments and the
prevention of viral hepatitis, including the need for
immediate infant immunization and the indispensability of
observing the correct schedule and dosage, as well as the
importance of child and adult vaccination, for a holistic
approach in battling the virus.

Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
YOU
– Make efforts to know the relationship of liver cancer and
viral hepatitis and their prevention (with emphasis on viral
hepatitis prevention).
• Read.
• Attend lectures / talks provided by DOH and other
agencies (and ROJoson PEP Talk).
– Examine your body for a possible chronic viral hepatitis.
• Do a self-examination of your body.
• Consult a physician for a check or if you have symptoms
of viral hepatitis.
If you do all these,
you are
EMPOWERING
YOURSELF.
You are contributing
to the goal of the
Awareness Month –
prevention of liver
cancer secondary to
chronic hepatitis.

Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
ME – ROJoson
ROJoson PEP Talk on Liver Cancer and Viral
Hepatitis Awareness
- Patient Empowerment Program
- Education for Health Development in the
Philippines Program

Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
It is number 4 in frequency in both sexes and all
ages after breast, lung and colorectum as of 2020.
In 2020, it has caused about 8 thousand deaths
among Filipinos.
WHO data

Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
It is number 4 in frequency in both sexes and all
ages after breast, lung and colorectum as of 2020.
In 2020, it has caused about 8 thousand deaths
among Filipinos.
WHO data Nobody likes to have liver cancer
and dies from it. Right?
So, we should be aware on how to
prevent liver cancer, if it can be
prevented. Right?

• What are common causes of liver cancer in the
Philippines?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
• Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
• Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
• Non-alcoholic liver diseases (NAFLD)
• Prolonged heavy intake of aflatoxin and other
chemical carcinogens
• Heavy alcohol consumption

• What are common causes of liver cancer in the
Philippines?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
• Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
• Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
• Non-alcoholic liver diseases (NAFLD)
• Prolonged heavy intake of aflatoxin and other
chemical carcinogens
• Heavy alcohol consumption
Of these common causes, chronic hepatitis
infection is said to be the most common.
Between chronic hepatitis B and chronic
hepatitis C infection, the former is more
common (chronic hepatitis B).

Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Viral hepatitis is preventable.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C, common causes of
liver cancers, are preventable.
Thus, we must prevent hepatitis B and hepatitis C
to lower the risk for liver cancers.

• What is the mechanism by which viral hepatitis B and C
cause liver cancers?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Infection with the Hepatitis B or C virus leads to
inflammation and scarring in the liver.
Scarring, the most severe form of which is called
cirrhosis, can then lead to the development of
liver cancer.

• What is the mechanism by which viral hepatitis B and C
cause liver cancers?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Infection with the Hepatitis B or C virus leads to inflammation and
scarring in the liver.
Scarring, the most severe form of which is called cirrhosis, can
then lead to the development of liver cancer.

• What is HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Hepatitis is a general term used to describe
inflammation of the liver.

• What are the different types of HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Hepatitis can be ACUTE or CHRONIC.
ACUTE – that which occurs suddenly and then
goes away
If the period of inflammation lasts for less than
six months with normalization of the liver
function tests
CHRONIC –
If inflammation persists beyond 6 months
with derangement of the liver function tests
CHRONIC HEPATITIS is
more worrisome as there
is a risk for permanent
liver damage (cirrhosis)
and liver cancer.

• What are the different causes of HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
• Viruses (viral hepatitis) – MOST COMMON
• Drugs
• Alcohol
• Chemicals (such as dry cleaning solvent carbon
tetrachloride and vinyl chloride used to make
plastics)
• Parasites (such as amebic hepatitis)
• Certain genetic disorders
• Overactive immune system that mistakenly
attacks the liver, called autoimmune hepatitis

• What is / are VIRAL HEPATITIS? The different types?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
VIRAL HEPATITIS – caused by different viruses
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis D
• Hepatitis E
• Hepatitis G In the Philippines, the
more common are:
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C

• What are the symptoms of VIRAL HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Not everyone develops symptoms.
ASYMPTOMATIC HEPATITIS (patients with
hepatitis without symptoms)
SYMPTOMATIC HEPATITIS (patients with hepatitis
with symptoms)
Although majority of adults (70%) develop
symptoms, many young children do not.
Adults and children over the age of 5 years are
more likely to have symptoms.

• What are the symptoms of ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
•Fever
•Fatigue
•Loss of appetite
•Joint pains
•Nausea
•Vomiting
•Abdominal pain
•Diarrhea (for HAV only)
•Dark urine (tea-colored urine)
•Clay-colored bowel movements
•Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or the eyes)
Symptoms are non-specific
initially and at times.
Flu-like symptoms
Dyspepsia-like symptoms
Gastro-like symptoms
Symptoms suggesting
liver involvement
= alert symptoms

• How to recognize (diagnose) ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Pattern recognition cues for acute viral hepatitis
Physical Exam
• Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes) / tea-
colored urine
• Tender liver on palpation
Reinforced by symptoms of fever,
increasing fatigue, muscle weakness, loss
of appetite, abdominal discomfort, etc.

• What are diagnostic tests to firm up a suspicion of
ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Liver function tests
Hepatitis panel
Ultrasound of the liver

• What are the symptoms of CHRONIC HEPATITIS?
• How to recognize (diagnose) CHRONIC HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Most people have no symptoms and feel healthy
for many years.
About 15% to 25% develop complications in the
liver, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.
In the early stages of liver cirrhosis and liver
cancer, patients may remain to have no
symptoms.
Symptoms thus will be those associated with
cirrhosis and liver cancer.
[Chronic fatigue, jaundice, liver mass if there is
cancer already]

• What are diagnostic tests to firm up a suspicion of
CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Liver function tests
Hepatitis panel
Ultrasound of the liver

• What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
Three common types of viral Hepatitis (HAV, HBV,
HCV)
They may have similar symptoms and
manifestations but are caused by three different
viruses (A, B, C).
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Hepatitis A infection is acquired through intake of
contaminated food and drink.
It is self-limiting and usually resolves without
specific treatment.
It is an acute infection (meaning it is newly
acquired) and does not cause people to become
carriers of the virus for a long time. (CHRONIC)
Symptoms usually include diarrhea.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Hepatitis A
It has vaccine for prevention/protection. (2 shots
6 months apart).
Estimates for long-term protection for fully
vaccinated people (i.e., full two-dose series)
suggest that protection from hepatitis A virus
infection could last for at least 25 years in adults
and at least 14–20 years in children.
Once you fully
recover from
hepatitis A infection,
you develop
antibodies,
protecting you for
life.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

How is Hepatitis A treated?
To treat the symptoms of hepatitis A, doctors
usually recommend rest, adequate nutrition, and
fluids.
Some people with severe symptoms will need
medical care in a hospital.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are infections that
can be acquired from infected blood and body
fluids.
They can also begin as acute infections, but in
some, the virus remains in the body causing
lifelong infection that may cause complications in
the liver such as liver cirrhosis (scarring of the
liver) and liver cancer (tumor of the liver).
Hepatitis A –
acquired through
contaminated foods
and drinks.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

In the Philippines, around one in 10 people have
chronic hepatitis B and six in 1,000 have chronic
hepatitis C. (WHO – 2019)
Chronic Hepatitis B more common than Chronic
Hepatitis C.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Vaccines
Hepatitis B can be prevented thru effective and
safe vaccines.
There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Curability of Chronic Hepatitis B and Chronic
Hepatitis C
Chronic Hepatitis B – at present cannot be cured.
Medications are being given to slow down
complications.
Chronic Hepatitis C – at present can be cured.
Pills can often be taken for 8-12 weeks and have
cure rate of 95% or greater.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Medications for Chronic Hepatitis B and Chronic
Hepatitis C
EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE
Chronic Hepatitis B –
Oral Antivirals (Nucleos(t)ide
Analogues)
• Tenofovir disoproxil
• Tenofovir alafenamide
• Entecavir
• Telbivudine
• Adefovir Dipivoxil
Immune Modulators
(Interferons) -injectables
• Pegylated Interferon
• Interferon Alpha
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Medications for Chronic Hepatitis B and Chronic
Hepatitis C
EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE
Chronic Hepatitis C –
direct-acting antivirals (or DAAs)
• Dasabuvir
• Elbasvir
• Grazoprevir
• Velpatasvir
• Voxilaprevir
• Sofosbuvir
• Ledipasvir
• Ombitasvir
• Paritaprevir
• Rotonavir
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

• What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
How common is hepatitis B in the Philippines?
Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in
the Philippines.
An estimated 7.3 million adult Filipinos (16.7% of
the adult population) are chronically infected
making the country hyperendemic for hepatitis B.
A 2003 survey showed the prevalence of hepatitis
B to be highest in the 20-49 year age group,
which comprise the workforce or those entering
the workforce.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease of the liver
caused by the Hepatitis B Virus.
In the acute (newly-acquired) phase, the
symptoms may be similar to having the flu and
some, but not all, can have jaundice (yellowing of
the eyes and skin).
In some patients, Hepatitis B can become
“chronic”, meaning it can be a long term or life-
long infection.
Persons with chronic hepatitis B infection are at
risk for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

There's no cure for chronic hepatitis B at present.
The good news is it usually goes away by itself in
4 to 8 weeks. More than 9 out of 10 adults who
get hepatitis B totally recover.
However, about 1 in 20 people who get hepatitis
B as adults become “carriers,” which means they
have a chronic (long-lasting) hepatitis B infection.
Another good news –
there are effective
and safe vaccines
against Hepatitis B.
But it has to be given
before the infection.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Transmission / Exposure
How can one get Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is spread thru blood, semen, or other
body fluids.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Transmission / Exposure // How can one get Hepatitis B?
A person may acquire the infection thru the following
activities:
•Birth (spread from a hepatitis B positive mother to her
baby)
•Sex with an infected partner
•Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection
equipment with an infected person
•Sharing razors, nail clippers/manicure or pedicure
paraphernalia or toothbrushes with an infected person
•Direct contact with the blood or open wounds of an
infected person
•Exposure to blood from needlesticks or other sharp
instruments
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Who are at risk for hepatitis B?
Since the Philippines is considered a
hyperendemic area for hepatitis B, almost
everyone without the antibody or vaccine can
become infected.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Who are at risk for hepatitis B?
The following people are at greater risk:
•Infants born to infected mothers
•People who have sex with an infected partner
•People who have multiple sex partners
•People who have a sexually transmitted disease
•Men who have sexual contact with other men
•People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, or
other drug equipment
•People who live in the same household with an infected
individual
•Those who work in occupations where they are exposed to
infected blood and body fluids
•Hemodialysis patients
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

How common does chronic or life-long infection
develop in a person infected with hepatitis B?
It depends on the age that one becomes exposed
to or infected. The younger a person is when
infected, the higher the chance that he or she will
have life-long infection with the virus.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

How common does chronic or life-long infection
develop in a person infected with hepatitis B?
•90% of infected infants will develop chronic infection.
•Approximately 25%–50% of children infected between the
1 -5 years of age will develop chronic infection.
•The risk drops to 6%–10% when one is infected over 5
years of age.
In the Philippines and worldwide, most people
with chronic hepatitis B acquire the infection at
birth or during early childhood.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

How serious is chronic hepatitis B?
It is a serious infection that can result in liver
damage, liver failure, liver cancer, and death.
Liver cancer is the fourth most common cancer in
the Philippines.
Liver cancer is fatal when diagnosed late and left
untreated, making it the second leading cause of
cancer deaths in the country.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

• Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Because of the high rates of hepatitis B infection
in the Philippines, universal vaccination is
mandated.
Hepatitis B vaccination is especially
recommended for:
•All infants, starting with the first dose of the
vaccine within 24 hours of birth
•All children and adolescents younger than 19
years of age who have not been vaccinated
•People whose sexual partners have Hepatitis B
•Sexually active persons who have multiple
partners
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

mandated.
recommended for:
•Persons undergoing treatment for sexually
transmitted diseases
•Men who have sexual contact with other men
•People who share needles, syringes, or other
drug equipment
•People who have close household contact with
someone infected
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

mandated.
recommended for:
•Health care and public safety workers at risk for
exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body
fluids on the job
•People with end-stage renal disease, including
predialysis, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and
home dialysis patients
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

mandated.
recommended for:
•Residents and staff of facilities for
developmentally disabled persons
•People with chronic liver disease (aside from
Hepatitis B)
•People with HIV infection
•Anyone who wishes to be protected from
hepatitis B virus infection
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

For the hepatitis B vaccine:
For long-lasting immunity, three to four doses,
depending on which type of vaccine is used.
• Children should get their first dose at birth and
complete the series by age 6 months. Usually,
the baby would get a second dose at 1 month
old and the third dose at 6 months.
• Catch-up vaccinations are recommended for
children and teens who were never vaccinated
or who did not get all three shots.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

• What is the Hepatitis B Panel?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Tests
How will I know if I have hepatitis B?
A Hepatitis B Panel is done to check if you:
•have acute or chronic infection
•have recovered from infection
•are immune to hepatitis B
•need to be vaccinated
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

What are the common blood tests to diagnose
hepatitis B?
TESTS INTERPRETATION
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
It is a protein on the surface of the virus. It
is detected in the blood of individuals who
are infected.
POSITIVE or REACTIVE- A person may have
acute or chronic infection and may
transmit the disease to others.
NEGATIVE OR NON-REACTIVE- A person is
not infected.
Anti-HBs
Protective antibody to the Hepatitis B
Virus
POSITIVE or REACTIVE
– A person has received successful
vaccination against Hepatitis B
– A person has recovered from the
infection and is protected from future
infection
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

hepatitis B?
Anti HBc IgM- (IgM Antibody to
Hepatitis B Core Antigen)
This may mean that a person was infected
within the past 6 months or is having a
flare of chronic hepatitis B
AntiHBcIgG- (IgG Antibody to Hepatitis
B Core Antigen)
This may indicate exposure to the virus
and that a patient either has chronic
Hepatitis B, or has recovered from
Hepatitis B
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

hepatitis B?
HBeAg POSITIVE or REACTIVE
This may indicate high levels of the virus in
the blood, which can mean that a person
can easily spread the virus to others.
HBV DNA Indicates the levels of virus in the blood.
This test is used to determine the need for
treatment and to monitor effectiveness or
response to
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

• What are the treatment for HEPATITIS B?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Treatment
How is ACUTE hepatitis B treated?
Treatment is mostly supportive in the form of
rest, adequate nutrition and hydration.
• In some cases, hospitalization is needed
particularly for those who are unable to eat
due to vomiting and lack of appetite.
• Some develop signs of liver failure such as
disorientation, confusion or even coma
needing urgent hospitalization. These patients
may be given antiviral drugs and may need to
be evaluated for a liver transplant.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Treatment
How is CHRONIC hepatitis B treated?
• There are several drugs available. The choice
depends on several factors. However, not all
patients need to be treated. Patients should be
evaluated by doctors experienced in the
management of hepatitis B.
• People with chronic hepatitis B, even those
without symptoms, need long term monitoring
for the early detection of complications in the
liver such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Treatment
How can you help keep your liver stay healthy if
you have hepatitis B?
People infected with hepatitis B should have
regular check-ups with their doctors. Alcohol
intake should be avoided as this can aggravate
liver damage. Infected individuals need to consult
their doctor before taking any medications,
herbal supplements, and over-the-counter
medicines. Obesity, diabetes and cholesterol
problems need to be managed.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

• Be aware of VIRAL HEPATITIS.
• Know how to recognize VIRAL HEPATITIS in
yourself and others.
• Beware of HEPATITIS B and C.
• Be aware of preventive measures against
HEPATITIS A, HEPATITIS B, and HEPATITIS C.
• All newborns should have Hepatitis B
vaccination.
• If you are a high-risk for HEPATITIS B, go for
screening HEP B Panel and then have HEP B
vaccination as indicated.
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and advice
on Liver Cancer and Viral Hepatitis Awareness and
Prevention for the Filipinos?
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Contents
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Summary
Take Away

Contents
• What are common causes of liver cancer in the Philippines?
• What is the mechanism by which viral hepatitis B and C cause liver cancers?
• What is HEPATITIS? Different types and causes of HEPATITIS?
• What are viral HEPATITIS? Different types?
• What are the symptoms of VIRAL HEPATITIS? ACUTE / CHRONIC? How to diagnose
HEPATITIS? ACUTE / CHRONIC?
• What are diagnostic tests to firm up a suspicion of ACUTE / CHRONIC VIRAL
HEPATITIS?
• What are the differences among Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
• What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B? preventive measures? Usual diagnostic
tests? Treatment?
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and advice on Liver Cancer and Viral
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness
Summary
Take Away

Be always in touch with reliable medical information on
LIVER CANCER and VIRAL HEPATITIS.
Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
medical management of oneself by
knowing the relationship of liver cancer
and viral hepatitis and their prevention in
one’s health management.
Take Away in
relation to
Patient
Empowerment
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

Empowerment
objective - for
understanding of
the relationship of
hepatitis and their
management.
Liver Cancer
and Viral
Hepatitis
Awareness

ROJoson PEP Talk: Liver Cancer and Viral Hepatitis Awareness

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ROJoson PEP Talk: Liver Cancer and Viral Hepatitis Awareness