The development of civilization of human being has always been supported by scientific advancement of that period, be it invention of fire or wheel. Such scientific/technological advancement has played a vital role in development of civilization. The journey of scientific advancement have endless story of supporting civilization advancement but the magnitude of its impact remain restricted to handful of people of that locality or close group due to lack of platform for the dissemination of that critical information. It was main constraint of that age when all important scientific advancement done by some took unexceptional time to reach to mass and impact their life positively. The scientific achievements can be evaluated on the basis of its impact on section of society. But counting the number of people positively impacted by any intervention depend on the platform or medium which is used to reach the mass. Now a days the integrated approach of scientific community and supporting ecosystem help every stakeholders of the modern technology and communication skill to reach right people who can help it in scaling up process. Modern system allows scientific fraternity to get their best idea supported at every step to reach the innovation to maximum people and utilised optimally.

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BIOJOURNAL, JUNE - 2019
ISSN : 0970-9444 Vol. 14, No.: 1 Page No. : 21 - 27
Technology and Communication Skills: A Platform for
Commercialization of Scientific Achievements
Gopal Jee Gopal and Pramanik Rinka
C.G.Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University,Bardoli, Surat (Gujarat), INDIA.
*Corresponding Author: Gopal Jee Gopal
C.G.Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology
Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli ,Surat, Gujarat, India
E-mail: gopaljigopal@rediffmail.com
Phone No.: +919558880617
Received: 06.04.2019 Revised: 15.05.2019 Accepted: 01.06.2019
ABSTRACT
The development of civilization of human being has always been supported by scientific advancement of
that period, be it invention of fire or wheel. Such scientific/technological advancement has played a vital role in
development of civilization. The journey of scientific advancement have endless story of supporting civilization
advancement but the magnitude of its impact remain restricted to handful of people of that locality or close group due
to lack of platform for the dissemination of that critical information. It was main constraint of that age when all important
scientific advancement done by some took unexceptional time to reach to mass and impact their life positively. The
scientific achievements can be evaluated on the basis of its impact on section of society. But counting the number of
people positively impacted by any intervention depend on the platform or medium which is used to reach the mass.
Now a days the integrated approach of scientific community and supporting ecosystem help every stakeholders of the
modern technology and communication skill to reach right people who can help it in scaling up process. Modern system
allows scientific fraternity to get their best idea supported at every step to reach the innovation to maximum people and
utilised optimally.
Key words: Science, technology, innovation, communication skill
INTRODUCTION
Technology and communication skills moves side by side and provides a common
platform for commercialization of scientific achievements. They not only fill the gaps in
knowledge but their compatibility is very helpful for product design, manufacturing, innovation,
and marketing. Proper access of information and resources helping speedy development in
scientific field and all this is possible because of two main factors: a) Technology enabled
platform where most of the stakeholders are connected and b) Proper flow of information based
on well defined communication skill enabling every stakeholders to get proper information
which ensure sustainable growth of scientific achievements. To understand the role of
communication skill and technology to commercialization of innovation, it is essential to know
the necessity of commercialization of innovation, steps of commercialization and players or
contributors of successful commercialization of innovation (Leena et al., 2014).
ScientificAchievements
There are four type of scientific achievement:
Creation of new knowledge: Any kind of new information and innovative idea is named as new
knowledge e.g. Newton's theory of gravitation, Einstein's theory of relativity.
Creation of new technology:The technology which did not exist earlier eg. In vitro fertilization.
New Product:Any kind of novel product likeTV, Mobile, transistor etc.
New Process: Novel or new Process for the production of any product. Eg. Production of
therapeutic recombinant protein using E. coli as host.
Basic difference between Discovery, Invention, Innovation, and Research
Discovery: Discovery is finding out or figuring out something that preexists. Example:
Discovery of theAmerica by Christopher Columbus.

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Invention: Invention is the creation of something new (that is first of its kind) using
preexisting object. Invention can be defined as the creation of a product or introduction of a
process for the first time. Example:Alexander Graham Bell inventedTelephone.
Innovation: Someone improve on or makes a significant contribution to an existing
product, process or service. Example: There is new innovation in mobile every year (New
features are being added, Size is getting reduced etc.).
Research:
Commercialization of research provides new products and services that can be used
to solve life's problems, as well as making improvements to the quality of life of users .
Societal Benefit: Society will get benefitted from new product and process. Due to
commercialization, new product/process became available to all.
Economic Growth:
Partnerships with investor and industry: Commercialization provides an
opportunity to engage with industry partners, investors and other businesses. These
partnerships can result in additional funding sources to further research. Successful
commercialization of one innovation creates a chain reaction: Revenue generated by one
innovation will be used to invest in next innovation and so on (Goldin and Mariathasan,2014).
Creates social impact and enhance reputation of Scientists and Scientific
activities: Research contribution in terms of knowledge creation is not perceived and
acknowledged by all the citizens of the nation. Commercialization of innovation become visible
to every person (user) of the society and so society realize the importance of research. Policy
making and allocation of budget became easier for govt. if major population realize the
importance of research and innovation.
Commercialization: Commercialization is the process through which
Revenue/income is generated using new idea, process or product. Usually only 'Idea' have
less commercial value or no value at all because there is less or no user of idea (only). Idea or
New knowledge can be commercialised by infusing value into it so that people can purchase or
use it. The knowledge/idea 'Thermophilic Bacteria have heat stable enzymes' have no
commercial value till we isolate/purify the industrially important enzyme/s and ready to sell.
Commercial value of technology means there is a market and customer for that particular
technology who are willing to pay. Commercialization is the process to introduce new product or
service to the general market. It takes into account production, distribution, marketing, sales,
and customer support required to achieve the commercial success of the new product or
service. As a strategy, commercialization requires a business develops a marketing plan,
determine the supply of the product to the market, and anticipate barriers to success. The
funnel or ideation phase, business process stage, and stakeholder stage are the three major
segments of the commercialization process.
Conversion of idea/new discovery into commercial product
It may be divided into following steps:
Opportunity: This phase consists of identifying the scientific and commercial value of the
Any creative systematic activity undertaken in order to increase the stock
of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this knowledge
to devise new applications.
Why commercialization of Scientific achievements?
Commercialization of innovation creates wealth. Not only
innovator get economic benefit (through technology transfer) but also other stakeholders of the
value chain. New business creates revenue as well as job for regional people or may be global.
Government also gets benefit through taxes and job creation.

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discovery by gathering expert opinion, collection of relevant data and documentation..
Protection: Once a meticulous description of the discovery is complete, a patent, trademark or
copyright protection process can be initiated. A patent gives you the exclusive right to prevent
others from making and selling your invention . Trademarks offer protection for brands,
symbols, logos, and colors.
Business case and commercialisation plan: This part of the process will determine if
the innovation or discovery is truly feasible. It involves a comprehensive analysis of the industry
and market, creating the value proposition, and close identification of the customer.
Building the team and securing capital: Only expertise, laboratory level product and process is
not sufficient for commercialization. For scaling up the product and sustaining in the market
need high investment of capital. It is very critical step to get investment and sharing the
ownership against that investment. Several Govt. Schemes are available.Angel investors and
Venture capital can be approached. Innovators have to satisfy all queries of investor in terms of
rate of return and potential of commercial value etc.
Executing the Plan and developing the product. This phase includes the deal-making
negotiations of selling the technology to an existing business or the start-up process of a new
business venture. Roughly, the start-up process includes finding a physical location to operate
your business, hiring personnel, physically organizing your business workflow, stocking
supplies, developing prototypes and general administrative organization (Baulcombe et
al.,2014).
Successful commercialization has one trickier step i.e. Marketing. It has been
observed that despite of useful product and service society don't accept it and use it and
ultimately product from the market is get withdrawn. Single company is rarely capable of
generating successful diffusion in the commercialization of an innovation; success often
requires cooperation between individual actors and organizations, and support from
stakeholders.
Contributor of Successful Commercialization of Innovation
Different stakeholder have different expectations from you and your innovation, have
different level of knowledge and understandings and have different reputation and level of ego.
Being lead innovator, you should know how to communicate your idea and get their proper help
in successful commercialization. You must communicate with different contributor with different
style without diluting the idea/technology and without compromising the ethical value. Even
non cooperation by single actor (fig. 1) shall lead to abortion of idea of commercialization.
Importance of English language for communication
Eurocentric world order has made English most reputed and common language to be
used for economics and science.
It is global language: Major world population knows and apply. You can trap maximum
global market using single language i.e. English.
Most of the tools/apps are available in English language only: Since most of the
communication tools and technologies are available in English it is easier for you to use those
tools for communication and for other applications.
Most of the research journals/books are available in English only: To get new idea we
should read, understand and survey literature and most of the scientific literatures are available
in English.
To gain the new research idea and to convey the new idea to maximum global
population, Scientist should have in-depth understanding of English language and have better

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skill of communication in English.
Platform for propagation and commercialization of scientific knowledge/Technology
Social sites:Asocial networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social
media) is a web application that people use to build social networks or social relations with
other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life
connections. This can also use for propagation and commercialization of scientific
knowledge/Technology.Example: Orkut, facebook etc.
YouTube:
Research gate:
Linked In:
Personal website:
Book, Journal, Magazine:
Institutes/Universities: It provide a great platform for creation, dissemination and
commercialization of Scientific knowledge/Technology
New age platform of collaborative work: Specific virtual platform to connect various
stakeholders of scientific research and its commercialization. Few of such website and
platform as mentioned bellow can help to collaborate with co-worker, buyer, investor or any
other input and services provider for scientific advancement process.
Biotech Zone: Marketplace for all Lab input supply and selling your research work at
any stage.
Science Exchange: a great platform where for outsourcing you scientific research so
that collaboration with public and private research agency and individual can be materialized.
This platform can help you to get associated with academic institutions and commercial
companies like Spacex, NASA, NIH etc.
Scientist.com : another platform with strong network of 18000 scientist and private
commercial company with all support from legal to technical and 24x7 consulting service to
help you at every step from Idea formulation to its final commercialization.
Innocentive: a strong network of 380000 specialist from 200 countries making this
platform a great place for collaboration and solving particular problem for fixed and transparent
cash award. It also allow you to get associated with commercial companies to take your
research at next level of value creation.
Incubation Centre: A space with basic facility provided by company or institution to
nurture the Startup having potential of commercialization. This setup provides platform for
managerial training, collaboration opportunity and to proof the basic concept through
experimentation.
YouTube is a video sharing service that allows users to watch videos posted
by other users and upload videos of their own. Scientist can use this for commercializing their
product.
Research Gate is a social networking site for scientists and
researchers to share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators.
Linked In is a social networking site designed specifically for the business
community. The goal of the site is to allow registered members to establish and document
networks of people they know and trust professionally
Personal web pages are World Wide Web pages created by an
individual to contain content of a personal nature rather than content pertaining to a company,
organization or institution.
A journal, a newspaper or magazine that deals with a
particular subject or professional activity is a collection of academic research papers or writing
from several people based on a theme and published from time to time (either weekly,
fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly, annually, biannually).

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Literature database: Research articles can be accessed from online databases and
also submitted in these data bases eg. Pubmed/medline, google scholar, Web of science,
Scopus etc.
Basic tools which help in propagation/effective dissemination of knowledge and
Technology
Basic tools for documentation and presentation can be ensured through MS office package
mentioned in point 1 to 3
Power point: It is a presentation program developed by Microsoft. The software allows
users to create anything from basic slide shows to complex presentations.
Excel: Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program included in the Microsoft Office suite of
applications. Spreadsheets present tables of values arranged in rows and columns that can
be manipulated mathematically using both basic and complex arithmetic operations and
functions.
Microsoft Word: Microsoft Word or MS-WORD (often called Word) is a graphical
word processing program that users can type with. It is made by the computer company
Microsoft. Its purpose is to allow users to type and save documents.
Tools for graphical and multimedia representation of complex scientific concept mentioned
from point 4 to 6.
Photoshop: Photoshop is Adobe's photo editing, image creation and graphic design
software. The software provides many image editing features for raster (pixel-based) images
as well as vector graphics. It uses a layer-based editing system that enables image creation
and altering with multiple overlays that support transparency.
Corel draw: Corel Draw is a software program for editing vector graphics. Vector
graphics are created in graphics packages and consist of objects. Each object can be edited
separately, meaning that the shape, colour, size and position can be changed.
Animation: Animation software allows for the creation of motion on a frame-by-frame
basis. Each frame is the equivalent of a single drawing, or image. The frames are often created
within the software, although most animation software allows frames to be brought in from
external sources.From there, the frames are strung together and can be viewed back
seamlessly in movie format. Once everything is complete, the resulting frames are transferred
to a hard drive, or tape, rather than film.
Subject and topic wise tools of Bioinformatics are also required and finally statistical
tools/software like Standard Deviation, Standard Error, Chi square test, T-test, etc are used
frequently.
Opportunities for Scientist/Researcher
College/University teacher
Scientist in Research Laboratories
Editor of Science journal
Editor of news media
Patent attorney
Freelancer consultant of company
Working in companies
Book author/reviewer/editor
Freelance tutor
TechnologyTransfer officer
To grab these opportunities as career and to get success in it depends on one's

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effective communication skill and command on basic tools/technology (mostly computer based
tools) in addition to scientific domain knowledge.
DISCUSSION
Scientific achievements should be commercialised for the benefit of society, nation
and also for the continuation of further research. Commercialization is the process of
generation of revenue using new product or process. Conversion of idea to commercialization
takes several steps: Opportunity, Protection, business planning and team building and
production. There are several players in each step and all players should cooperate for success
of commercialization. These players may be of different region and religion, academic
standard, and have different perception of advance technology. Optimum cooperation from
these players depend on innovator's way of communication. To convey the message about the
innovation to maximum global population in minimum investment, you should have knowledge
of different social platform where you may discuss your new idea. Computer based software
and tools like Microsoft word, Power point, excel, Photoshop, CorelDraw, Animation etc. are
playing vital role in effective communication. Scientist should learn these tools also along with
his or her core domain. There is no dearth of opportunities for researchers/scientists if s/he
knows good English and also knows computer based basic tools along with scientific
knowledge. New knowledge (without translation into new process /product) can also generate
revenue by publishing it in journal/magazine, delivering talk on different platform and uploading
video of lecture on social platform (youtube) and getting subscription.
Figure 1: A workflow showing the contributor of successful commercialization of
innovation.(Adopted and modified from Leena Aarikka-Stenroos Et,al ,2014)

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REFERENCES
Baulcombe, D. C., Dunwell, J., Jones, J., Pickett, J. and Puigdomenech, P (2014). GM Science Update A report to
the Council for Science and Technology.
Goldin, I. and Mariathasan, M. (2014). The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, andWhat to
Do about It, Princeton: Princeton University Press. 7.
Leena Aarikka-Stenroos, Birgitta Sandberg, Tuula Lehtimäki (2014). Networks for the commercialization of
innovations: A review of how divergent network actors contribute, Industrial Marketing Management, 43:
365–381.