2. *The cell (from Latin )meaning "small room" is the basic
structural, functional, and biological unit of all
known living organisms.
*A cell is the smallest unit of life that
can replicate independently.
*Cells are often called the "building blocks of life".The study of
cells is called cell biology.
•There are several types of organelles in a cell.
•* Such as the mitochondrion
, endoplasmic reticulum,ribosome,vacuole and golgi apparatus.
6. *The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a
double membrane-bound organelle found in
all eukaryotic organisms.
•A number of organisms have reduced or transformed their
mitochondria into other structures.
• Mitochondria have been described as "the powerhouse of the
cell" because they generate most of the cell's supply
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical
energy.
8. *The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type
of organelle in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected
network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like
structures known as cisternae.
*There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and
smooth.
*The outer face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is
studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein
synthesis.
*The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and
functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism.
*The smooth Endoplasmic reticulum is especially abundant in
mammalian liver and gonad cells.
10. * The ribosome is a simple molecular machine, found
within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological
protein synthesis .
* Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order
specified by messenger RNA molecules.
* Ribosomes consist of two major components:
* The small ribosomal subunit, which reads the RNA,
and the large subunit, which joins amino acids to form
a polypeptide chain.
12. *A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present
in all plant and fungal cells and some animal
and bacterial cells.
*Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are
filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules
including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they
may contain solids which have been engulfed.
*Vacuoles are formed by the fusion of multiple
membrane vesicles and are effectively just larger forms of
these.
*The organelle has no basic shape or size; its structure varies
according to the needs of the cell.
14. *The Golgi apparatus also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi
body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in
most eukaryotic cells.
Part of the cellular endomembrane system.
•The Golgi apparatus packages proteins into membrane-
bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to
their destination.
•The Golgi apparatus resides at the intersection of the
secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
•It is of particular importance in
processing proteins for secretion, containing a set
of glycosylation enzymesthat attach various sugar monomers
to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.
