2. Data collection refers to the procedure of
collecting, measuring and analyzing
accurate insights for research using
standard validated technique
Researchers can evaluate their
hypothesis on the basis of collected data
3. In most cases, data collection is the
primary and most important step to
research, irrespective of the field of
research
The approach of data collection varies
depending on different fields of study,
depending on the required information
4. A research instrument is a
tool used to collect, measure
and analyze data related to
your research interests
6. 1. INTERVIEWS
interview is a data gathering technique that makes you
verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give
answers to what your research study is trying to look for. Done
mostly in qualitative research studies, interview aims at
knowing what the respondents think and feel about the topic of
your research.
All in all, be it a traditional or a modern type of interview, “it is
a conversation with a purpose” that gives direction to the
question-answer activity between the interviewer and the
interviewee. (Babbie 2014, 137; Rubin 2011
7.
8. 1. STRUCTURED- questioning follows a
particular sequence, has well-defined
content
2. UNSTRUCTURED- free-wheeling exchange
of ideas, in the form of normal conversation
3. SEMI-STRUCTURED- has set of questions
prepared and additional probes in a closed
or open ended manner
9. Analyzing secondary data from sources or
documents
Example: data on the number of
unemployment rate in La Trinidad, Benguet
Example: data on the number of Food Trucks
in Baguio City
10. Watching what people do.
A type of correlational (non-experimental) method
where researchers observe ongoing behavior.
The researcher participates actively in the conduct of
the research
Observation Guide/observation checklist
(instrument)
This method can gather information like person’s
characteristics/conditions, verbal or non-verbal
communications, activities, environmental conditions
11. 1. STRUCTURED- uses a checklist as a data
collection. Checklist as a data collection
tool. Specifies expected behaviors of interest
and the researcher records the frequency
occurrences of the behavior.
2. UNSTRUCTURED- observes things as they
happen. The researcher conducts
observation without any preconceived ideas
about what will be observed.
12. The most commonly used
instrument in research
A list of questions about a
research topic
14. 1. STRUCTURES- provides possible
answers/with choices.
2. UNSTRUCTURED- does not provide
options or choices
15. The related literature and studies must have
sufficient information and data to enable the
researcher to thoroughly understand the variables
being investigated in the study.
Indicators for the specific variable must refer to the
descriptive information gathered from different
sources
This indicators are used to make sure that the
contents of your questionnaire is valid
16. 1.Yes or No Type
2.Recognition Type
3.Completion Type
4.Coding Type
5.Subjective Type
24. 1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING- every
member of the population has a known
and equal chance of being selected.
2. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING-
likelihood of being selected as member of
the population is unknown
25. 1. RANDOM SAMPLING-
each individua is
chosen entirely by
chance but each
member of the
population has an equal
chance of being
included in the sample
29. 1. HAPHAZARD OR CONVENIENCE
SAMPLING- elements that are most
accessible or easier to contact
Usually friends, acquaintances,
volunteers and subjects who are willing and
available during the conduct of the study.
30.
31. The researcher chooses a sample that agrees with his/her
subjective judgment of a representative sample.
Relies mainly on the researcher’s expertise in identifying
the criteria of a representative sample.
32. The researcher sets a quota or
number of sampling units to be
included in each grouping but uses
convenience sampling to select the
units within the grouping
33. Group of people selected to distinguish
and evaluate all aspects or qualities of
food products
Sensory panel types: Trained and
Untrained
34.
35. This refers to a scientific method used
to evoke, measure, analyze and
interpret responses to products
perceived through the senses of sight,
smell, touch, taste and hearing (Stone
& Sidel, 2002; Prell, 1976)
37. 1. PREFERENCE TEST. Allow consumers express
choice between samples.
It measures the appeal of one product when
compared against others (Colwill, 1987; Watta,
1989)
It is useful when one product is compared
directly against another, as in product
improvement or against competing products.
39. Directly measures the degree of
liking and acceptability of
products.
Includes 5, 7, 9-point scale and 9-
point facial scale for children.
40.
41.
42. Hedonic scales are well tried and tested in
consumer research for capturing liking data
(Stone and Siddel, 1985).
A version regularly used with consumers in
preference mapping studies to capture liking
scores.
43. Measures acceptance of a product by
a population
Measure of general attitude of a
population toward a product
44.
45. DATA GATHERING TOOL: Questionnaires
TYPE OF QUESTIONS: Combination (yes or no,
subjective, coding)
SAMPLING DESIGN: Probability- Convenience
Sampling: Quota Sampling
SENSORY PANELS: Untrained, 50 panelists
CONSUMER ORIENTED TEST: Acceptance test
HEDONIC TEST: 9 point
Editor's Notes
CAN BE CONDUCTED ONE ON ONE OR FOCUS GROUP. RESEARCHERS USED RECORDING DEVICE TO MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT
On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate your leadership
Very important in the conduct of collecting data.
Piece of the population. Budget contraints.
review
Put all names on a bowl and randomly pick them
Strata- age, gender, etc.
Kahit stratified, meron pa ring random sampling
Compute for the sampling interval in statistics (K in stat)
Researcher is expert. Identified by criteria's. Inclusion/exclusion criteria.