Path Goal Theory

Path Goal Theory
Path– Goal Leadeship Theory and Expectancy Theory of Motivation– Applications to the Movie–
"Miracle"
Part 1
I have chosen the movie " Miracle" as an illustration of an individual, Herb Brooks, fulfilling the
parameters of Robert House's Path–Goal Theory .
There are events that one witnesses throughout one's life that for various reasons leave an indelible
imprint on one's heart and soul. The unexpected victory of the US hockey over the heavily favored
Russian team in the 1980 Olympic Games was one of those events. I was at a cocktail party and
someone turned on the TV and soon the entire group was gathered around the set, small talk
forgotten, as what has been described as the greatest sporting event of the 20th century unfolded. ...
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He tells them that they don't have enough talent to win on talent alone and that the name on the front
of their jersey means a lot more than the one on the back. He repeats his message of win or loose,
play like champions. Over and over Brooks shouts " Again ", driving the players to exhaustion. He
doesn't stop, ignoring the pleas of his assistants, until the future team Captain, Mike Eruzione, states
" I play for team USA. " Brooks lets them go and a turning point has been reached. They are finally
becoming a team , one of destiny with a common purpose.
This also is another example of Brooks employing directive leadership to reach a goal despite the
effect of a subordinate contingency factor, locus of control. When the team first came together, they
were group of highly competitive and independent group of young men hwho identified with their
past institutions. Their locus of control was mainly internal and Brooks, with his concept of a
cohesive tem, dependent upon another and the coach for direction, gradually moving their locus of
control toward a more external variety, " I play for team USA". He has imposed his will on the team
and he is now able to lead direct them completion of their common goal.
A third and clear example of directive leadership occurs during a session in the film room where he
instructs the team on the tactics and strategy they will employ to be able to stay
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The Path Goal Theory Of Leadership Skills
As we all know certain companies become extremely successful, while others unfortunately
succumb to failure. This of course can be due to various amounts of reasons, but one of those major
reasons may be due to lack of leadership skills. A company that has everything going for it, great
product, a nice work place, and so on and so forth does not always become successful unless they
possess prime leaders. As we have learned so far, there are various degrees of leadership styles and
when and where they are best used and therefore most efficient. The path–goal theory shows how
leaders are able to motivate their followers in order to accomplish a variety of goals. Steve Jobs was
a successful leader and that showed through his extremely successful company. Not only are the
products that Apple makes great, but the reason they became as successful as they did was due to
the fact that Jobs had a clear leadership model and understood what worked and what did not (Penn
State World Campus, 2013) .
The Path–Goal Theory is about how leaders motivate subordinates to accomplish goals. The path–
goal theory emphasizes the relationship between the leader's style and the characteristics of the
subordinates and work setting (Northouse, 2013, p. 137). The path–goal theory, assumes that
subordinates will be motivated if they think they are capable of performing their work, if they
believe their efforts will result in a certain outcome and if they believe that the payoffs for their
work are

The Path Goal Theory Of Leadership
MGT–6204: Excellence in Org: Leadership 12/6/15
Michael Bernier
Leadership Theory Analysis
Path–Goal Theory of Leadership
The Path–Goal Theory works well by first identify the goal. Once the goal is established the
manager is responsible to remove any roadblocks or obstacles that stand in the way of the employee
success. There are also incentives that the manager can offer along the way.
In some respects the Path–Goal Theory is, at the most fundamental level, using the same basic
assumptions as the expectancy theory. Path–goal theory, originally developed by Evans and House
in the early 70 's was designed to identify a leader's style as a motivation to get employees to
accomplish goals.
The Business Dictionary, defines expectancy theory as a "motivational theory based on cognitive
psychology. It proposes that people are motivated by their conscious expectations of what will
happen if they do certain things, and are more productive when they believe their expectations will
be realized."
The Path–Goal Theory includes four leadership styles depending on the situation. The four
leadership behaviors include Directive leadership, Supportive leadership, Participative leadership,
and Achievement–oriented leadership. The underlining variable in these situations is the leader.
Each manager will use various styles that best suit their personality and behavior but have to design
their approach accordingly depending on the situation and the employee. "Considering the number
of

Path-Goal Theory in Leadership Essay
Leadership has been studied from a wide range of perspectives and thus it means different things to
different people. Some people view leadership as the focus of group processes, some others view it
from a personality or skills perspective, to some others leadership is an act or behavior, some school
of thought describe leadership in terms of power relationship while some view leadership as a
transformational process (Northouse, 2012). Looking at the various definitions of leadership, there
are various terms that are important; including the fact that leadership is a process that involves
influence and the attainment of a common goal, and usually occurs in the context of a group
(Northouse, 2012). The path–goal theory is one of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because the leader is better suited to assess the needs of his followers and clarify goals in
various situations thereby increasing job satisfaction of the employees and thus retention rates
(Dixon & Hart, 2010).
Dixon and Hart (2010) conducted a study among full time white and blue collar workers in a
multinational manufacturing located in a Unites States firm to assess the effect of path–goal theory
on work group effectiveness, and to determine the relationship between the various types of path–
goal leadership styles and turnover intention. Participants were drawn from various sections of the
company including production/ manufacturing, distribution, logistics, technology, cleaning, painting
and recycling in other to have a good representation of the employees. The study utilized the
Perceived Leadership Behavior Scale, Perceived work group effectiveness scale and turn over
intention scale to measure the variables. The results showed that there was a positive impact of
path–goal leadership styles on work effectiveness. The types of leadership styles tested were
instrumental, participative, and supportive with the instrumental having the highest correlation with
work effectiveness; followed by participative and lastly supportive leadership. The study also
revealed that a negative correlation existed between instrumental and participative leadership and
turn over intention; while

Leadership And The Path Goal Theory
A leader is an individual who has the ability to mold and cultivate others to reach their full potential.
In this essay, the importance of leadership and what a leader exemplifies will be discussed and
analyzed in depth. Also an influential leader in my workplace will be described using the path–goal
leadership theory, to elaborate on the styles, behaviors, and effectiveness demonstrated by my
leader. In addition, a detailed description of my leaders role and utilization of the path–goal theory
in the workplace will be explained as well.
Leadership is one of the most essential traits of being a college dean. It is the ability to guide others
without force into a direction or decision that leaves them still feeling empowered and
accomplished. (Hanson, 2015) Also leadership is viewed as a dynamic role that requires an
extensive amount, of planning, organizing, directing and controlling for the betterment of a group or
organization. In addition, studies prove that leadership is having a vision, sharing that vision and
inspiring others to support your vision while creating their own. Klein, 2015) Furthermore, with the
direction of an effective and efficient leader achieving the common goals and mission of a business
can be obtained.
My leader Mr. Gerald Smalls is an individual who exudes all of the qualities of an effective leader.
Mr. Smalls serves the position, as the Dean for Benedict College's School of Business. Small's
responsibility as Dean is to develop, administer,

Bmal 500 Path-Goal Theory Analysis
BMAL 500 Discussion Board Forum 3 Reply Post 1 Hello James, I enjoyed reading the concepts
you wrote about and how you applied them to your life. Leadership is critical in an organization and
the path–goal theory suggests a reasonable way to get things done. The second concept of power is
important to use if you want to accomplish objectives. The path–goal theory states that it is the
leader's job to provide support to get the employee towards achievement of their goals (Robbins &
Judge, 2009, p. 397). You made a specific reference to reducing the roadblocks that are in the way
of goal attainment. At work I try to make it fun to work. It is important to respect employees' likes
and dislikes. Leader behavior should be directed to

Path Goal Theory
Title: "Examine Robert Houses' Path Goal Theory and its usefulness in today's organizations"
Subject: Organizational Behavior
Introduction (205 words)
Path Goal Theory is a theory proposed by Martin Evans and Robert House, which is then developed
by Robert House himself which suggests how leaders of any organization can be effective towards
their subordinates in order to achieve organizational goals. This theory was first introduced in 1971
which was created based on Victor Vroom's 'Expectancy Theory of Motivation'. The name 'Path–
Goal' itself shows that the leader should clarify their follower's performance and remove any
obstacle which comes between them and their goals. It is best when the leader focuses on each of
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supportive style leadership should be applied when the formal authority relationships are clear and
bureaucratic. 3. Participative Leadership: This style of Leadership behavior gives a better outcome
when the subordinates believe that they control their own destiny i.e. internal locus of control. 4.
Achievement Oriented Leadership: This style of Leadership behavior results in more satisfaction
when the tasks are uncertain, yet structured and managers with this style of leadership will increase
subordinates' expectancies for high performance results.
The Figure below is the Path Goal Model:
Environmental Contingency Factors: 1. Task Structure 2. Formal Authority System 3. Work Group
Leader Behavior: Outcomes: * Directive – Performance * Subordinate Contingency Factors: 1.
Locus of Control 2. Experience 3. Perceived Ability
Achievement–Oriented – Satisfaction * Participative * Supportive
Refer to Appendix 2 (196 words)
Title: Path Goal Leadership Theory: The long and winding road
Author: Schriesheim, Chester A; Neider, Linda L.
Source: Leadership Quaterly; Fall96, Volume 7 Issue 3, p317, 5p
Research findings on Robert House's Path Goal Theory are basically on the relationship between the
leader's style of leadership and the outcomes of the

Leadership : Leadership And Followership
Leadership and followership are two sides of the same coin. However, one of these topics is more
closely studied than the other. Leadership is studied in the halls of famous universities and discussed
in various books and articles. Many of these discussions involve the same question; what makes a
good leader? The question to this answer is both the cause, and the product, of excellent leadership,
good followers. What a leader strives to create in the company can only be completed by a force of
followers with the ability to realize the leader 's vision. So instead of asking what makes a good
leader, it must first be asked what makes a good follower. As leadership and followership mirror one
another, looking at the parallels between the two may help to answer this question. Leaders are
meant to lead teams in an ethical manner in order to realize a vision for the company. Therefore, in
order to support the leader, followers must be able to work in a team and help actualize the leader 's
vision in an ethical manner. As the leaders develop their grand ideas, it is the followers who
actualize them, therefore it is necessary that effective followers have a conceptual understanding of
their business (Antelo, 2010). They must be able to do the job. A welder would not expect a career
ballerina to run a welding torch and a ballerina would never expect a welder to complete a pas de
deux. A good follower must understand what they are doing. This is the foundation of a follower 's
work.

Path Goal Theory Of Leadership
12/12/2014
Path–Goal Leadership Theory
The Path–Goal model is a theory based on specifying a leader 's style[1] or behavior that best fits
the employee and work environment in order to achieve goals (House,
Mitchell, 1974). The goal is to increase an employee 's motivation, empowerment, and satisfaction
so that they become productive members of the organization.
Path–Goal is based on Vroom 's (1964) expectancy theory[2] in which an individual will act in a
certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the
attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. The path–goal theory was first introduced by Martin
Evans (1970) and then further developed by
House (1971). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Participative: The leaders consult with their followers by consulting with them before making a
decision on how to proceed. It is most effective when subordinates are highly trained and involved
in their work.
Achievement: The leader sets challenging goals for his followers, expects them to perform at their
highest level, and shows confidence in their ability to meet this expectation. It is most effective in
professional work environments, such as technical, or scientific; or in achievement environments,
such as sales.
The leaders ' behavior is not set in stone as there are other leadership styles that may be used
depending upon the situation. For example, House (1996) defined four other behaviors: Work
Facilitation
Group Oriented Decision Process chrome–
extension://iooicodkiihhpojmmeghjclgihfjdjhj/in_isolation/reformat.html 3/5
12/12/2014
Work Group Representation and Networking
Value Based
Application

As noted earlier, the independent variables of Path–Goal Theory are the leaders ' behavior, thus the
path–goal theory assumes that people (leaders) are flexible in that they can change their behavior or
style, depending upon the situation. This coincides with the research that while nature (genes) may
be our internal guide, nurture
(experience) is our explorer that has the final say in what we do (Ridley, 2003).
Next Steps
Next chapter: Transformational Leadership[3]
Related page: Leadership Styles[4]

What Are The Four Leadership Styles Of Path Goal Theory Of...
RESEARCH ESSAY – LISA SPRATLING – S4569532
Topic: It is said that many companies are over managed and under led. Define leadership and
explain what the path–goal theory of leadership is. Identify the four leadership styles of path–goal
theory and explain when they are most appropriately used.
Managers and leaders are both important individuals to have in an organisation, but it is important
that the balance of management and leadership are at the right levels to ensure the business is
running at its finest (Williams, McWilliams & Lawrence 2017). Managers and leaders along with
leadership and management differ in many ways, however they are both necessary to an
organisation; path–goal theory being one form of leadership that relates ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Managers focus on productivity and efficiency of employees, whereas leaders focus on the goals
and objectives, vision and mission of the business (Williams, McWilliams & Lawrence 2017).
Another difference that managers and leaders have is that leaders endeavour to inspire and motivate
others to come up with solutions to problems, managers on the other hand solve the problems so that
others can do their work (Williams, McWilliams & Lawrence 2017). Important traits that a leader
normally has include cognitive ability, drive, emotional stability, honesty and integrity, knowledge
of the business, self–confidence and the desire to lead (Williams, McWilliams & Lawrence 2017).
These traits have been discovered through the trait theory being that leaders that are effective all
possess a similar set of traits, usually being those above (Williams, McWilliams & Lawrence 2017).
According to Dalakoura (2010, p. 433) '...leaders are responsible for building organisations in which
people continually expand their capacity to learn, to understand complexity and to set the vision for
the organisation.' It is however essential that managers and leaders are both present within an
organisation, as without one the balance to attain goals and run smoothly will be lost.
The path–goal leadership theory states that

Synopsis Of The Path Goal Theory
Synopsis of the Path–Goal Theory
The Path–Goal Theory was developed by Robert House in the early 1970's which according to
Northhouse (2013) holds that the leader affects the performance of the follower by presenting
rewards, clearing the path to objectives, and removing obstacles. According to House & Mitchell
(1975) the leader can take on varying roles which will depend on the situation and the follower's
capabilities and motivation. House & Mitchell (1975) describe the two variables associated with the
theory as "(a) personal characteristics of the subordinates and (b) the environmental pressures and
demands with which subordinates must cope in order to accomplish the work goals and to satisfy
their needs" (p.6).
House & Mitchell ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Horney & Gustafsson (2015) suggest that followers or subordinates will interpret the leader's
actions in their work situation and perform based on their need for structure, ability, or the level of
control desired to complete their work.
According to Northouse (2013) Supportive leadership considers the needs of the subordinate and
creates a collegial atmosphere. A leader may do this by increasing the follower's self–worth and
assigning challenging tasks. The leader will be friendly and display concern for the followers on a
personal basis. The Directive leader will give guidance as to how a task is to be done, guidelines,
and a timeline for accomplishing the assignment.
Northouse (2013) describes Participative leaders as those who are open to discussion with
subordinates and uses the suggestions to accomplish tasks. The leader uses the opinion of the
workers when setting up procedures and practices. Northouse (2013) suggests that the Achievement
oriented leadership style is based on setting up challenging expectations and high standards. The
leader demonstrates confidence in the ability of the follower to succeed at complex tasks.
Case Study Review David, a veteran marathon runner, was asked to coach fellow running groups to
prepare for the New York City Marathon. He was given 16 weeks to work with runners that were
divided into three groups. David found that each of the groups varied in their level

Difference Between Character And Characteristics,...
This paper will demonstrate my understanding of the Contingency approaches, the difference
between character and characteristics, situational theory and the Path–Goal Theory. I will give an
assessment of how the application of each can enhance my leadership effectiveness. I will cover
how it has made me rethink preconceived ideas about what it means to be a leader to flowers. I will
focus on the relationship between leader, follower and situations.
Contingency approaches
Daft (2014) defines the Contingency approaches as approaches look at the leadership styles that can
be used effectively, and seek to outline the physiognomies of followers and situations ( p.67) I am
by nature a creative thinker, so this approach has worked well for me in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
41). The text further states that the main key to creating an effective leadership is having
interdependence. When most people think of leaders they do not think about them needing to
depend on anyone. Some would even think of it as a weakness, a concept I have myself had to
overcome. In my mind, I associated interdependence with being weak in character.
Character before this course defined to me as moral fineness and steadfastness. However, this
course changed my concepts of exactly what character and characteristic of self, of a followers and
leaders were. I now understand their relevance to leadership, followers and organizations. Hencley
wrote about leadership theories "approach maintains that leadership is determined not so much by
the characters of the individuals as by the requirements of social situation"(Gujral 2012, p. 108).
Instead of only thinking in terms of personal character traits, I now recognize that there is
distinguishing characteristic between in most everything like social, leadership, followers, and
situations as well as personal. Merriam–Webster (2015) defines characteristic as, "a distinguishing
trait, quality, or property" and character as, "the complex of mental and ethical traits marking and
often individualizing a person, group, or nation." I understand that they mean are more now. I will
now integrate my learning by thinking about more about the traits surrounding them in the more
complex concepts. This leads me into

Path-Goal Theory Of Leadership
Wk4AssgnJLayman: Path–Goal Theory of Leadership
Walden University
Ph.D. Public Policy and Administration
Introduction
This is an introduction to the Path–Goal Leadership Questionnaire, introduced in Chapter 6 of the
textbook "Leadership: Theory and Practice" by Peter Northouse, a set of questions, designed to
measure a leader's path–goal style of leadership, or their ability to assess and meet the needs of the
follower (Northouse, 2016). Developed by House & Mitchell (1975), the path–goal theory is built
upon the expectancy theory of motivation, charging leaders with the duty of understanding the goals
of the follower, and offering rewards in line with those goals (Northouse, 2016). The following is a
brief summary of the resulting score of the questionnaire at the end of Chapter 6 of this textbook,
and, a short assessment of the results.
Path–Goal Leadership Questionnaire The Path–Goal Questionnaire measures a leader's propensity
toward a directive style of leadership, a supportive style of leadership, a participatory style of
leadership or an achievement–oriented style of leadership. There are four unique path–goal
leadership styles, each having its own set of behaviors.
Directive Leadership Questions 1, 5, 9, 14 & 18 are representative of the directive style of
leadership. With a score of 13, the lowest of all four categories, my results are considered very low
in this category. The average score among responding participants is 23 in this

Path Goal Vs. Situational Leadership Theories
Path–Goal vs. Situational Leadership Theories
Introduction
There have been numerous theories surrounding leadership, which attempt to explain which form is
most effective in the workplace. A universalistic approach was once used to rationalize leadership
and it was believed that successful leaders possessed certain common abilities and traits. However,
today due to external factors such as globalization and advanced technologies, there has been an
evolution towards a new paradigm of leadership. Subordinates want to feel empowered and engaged
at the workplace and often the behaviors and relationships between leaders and their subordinates
become important to understand in order to fully understand effective leadership. Contingency
theories have been developed in which people began to look at the behavior of leaders in specific
situations. Two such contingency theories are: Path–Goal and Hershey and Blanchard's Situational
Theory.
Path–Goal Theory
One form of a contingency approach to leadership is the Path Goal Theory, formed by Robert
House. This theory states that it is the leader's responsibility to define their organization's goal,
define the path to achieve that goal, and to remove obstacles which prevent the attainment of these
goals, by increasing their subordinates' motivation by clarifying the behaviors necessary for both
personal and organizational goal attainment (Landrum & Daily, 2012).
According to Daft (p.77), a leader can motivate their

Invictus
"Invictus" – Individual paper
"Invictus", is a powerful movie representing what Nelson Mandela taking the office as the first
black president of South Africa and set to accomplish great things. Nelson Mandela was the founder
and lead of the African National Congress and spent 27 years in prison on charges for sabotage
against the white military and government to end apartheid. The movie starts with his release from
prison on February 11, 1990 greeted by the black population eager to fight while the white
population was expecting the worse from it. The environment factors changed dramatically for
Nelson and he found himself ready to forgive those that imprisoned him and call them comrades.
His amazing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mandela shows support and consideration to the chief's feelings and takes the time to explain why
he made the decision. "Reconciliation starts here... Forgiveness starts here, too. Forgiveness
liberates the soul. It removes fear. This is why it's such a powerful weapon. Please Jason, try." The
president appeals at the very inner soul of the security chief.
To help people reaching to the same goal Mandela saw a rare opportunity in the rugby team. He
knew that blacks spent years to hate the game and the Springbok, the rugby team, since for them it
represented the white supremacy and their boycott hurt them. Mandela himself admits doing just the
same while in prison on the Robben Island. This time he thinks about using Springbok to unite
people and that the team needs to become winners. With one year until World Rugby Cup 1995 to
be played in South Africa, and him just taking office, Mandela doesn't lose time and invites Francois
Pienaar, the Springbok captain, for tea in his office to indirectly letting him know about what
achievement is expecting of him: to win the World Rugby Cup in 1995 that would be hosted by
South Africa. "You have a difficult job. Captain of the Springbok...We need to exceed our
expectations." said Mandela. This accomplishment was very challenging since the rugby team's
performance was low but president set up his expectations very high requiring the team to perform
accordingly.
One important moment

The Path Goal Theory of Leadership
The term path–goal is derived from the belief that effective leaders clarify the path to help their
followers get from where they are to the achievement of their work goals and make the journey
along the path easier by reducing roadblocks and pitfalls (Robbins 2001, p. 229).
The path–goal theory developed by Robert House is based on the expectancy theory of motivation.
The leader 's job is viewed as coaching or guiding workers to choose the best paths for reaching
their goals. "Best" is judged by the accompanying achievement of organizational goals. It is based
on the precepts of goal setting theory and argues that leaders will have to engage in different types
of leadership behavior depending on the nature and demands of the particular ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Locus of control refers to the individual perception of attribution of reasons to outcomes as internal
(one 's own behavior) or external. For subordinates with internal locus of control a participative
leader may be better suited because they feel that their own efforts make a difference. A directive
leader is better for subordinates with an external locus of control (since they perceive their efforts to
be of little consequence).
Perceived ability pertains to how individuals view their own ability with respect to the task.
Subordinates who rate themselves as having high ability are less likely to need directive leadership.
The environmental characteristics are task structure, the formal authority system and the primary
work group. The path–goal theory will motivate subordinates if it helps them cope with
environmental uncertainty created by the environmental characteristics. In certain environments
certain kinds of leadership becomes redundant like when working on a task that has a high structure,
directive leadership tends to be redundant and hence less effective. Similarly, when subordinates are
in a team environment that offers great social support, the supportive leadership style becomes less
necessary. The subordinates ' motivation to perform will be influenced by the extent to which the
leader behavior matches the people and the environment in a situation.
The path goal theory says that the behavior of leaders is used to stimulate the

The Path Goal Leadership Theory
It goes without saying that leadership delivers support and inspiration to their group members to
attain desired results. In this global market competition is constantly intensifying and organizations
are more fixated on engendering calculative outcomes, performance apprehension with personnel
has elevated considerably. Effective leaders will impart a variety of desired support mechanisms to
motivate employees and make them more productive as well as result oriented. Moreover, effective
leader will assist in sustaining a vigorous and affable work atmosphere to facilitate the progressions
of the organization. Path–goal leadership put emphasis on stimulating organizational subordinate
with distinctly outline goals and guidelines to accomplish certain goals. For the purpose of this
paper this author will examine "path–goal leadership" and evaluation this theory in a law
enforcement situations that utilized the path–goal leadership theory. Moreover, this author will
discuss how the "Path–goal leadership theory" applies in this law enforcement situation by
presenting a detailed definition of path–goal leadership. This author will also will describe the path–
goal leadership style used in the law enforcement situation. Additionally this author will explain the
responsibilities and physiognomies of subordinates in this situation, and apply the leadership
approach to the situation along with detailed cases as it relate to the situation.
As stated by Northouse (2010) "Path–goal

Edwin Locke And Gary Latham
Edwin Locke and Gary Latham will be the first ones to openly admit there are active limitations
with the goal setting theory. It is not uncommon for individual goals to conflict with organizational
goals. Moreover, research has proven complex goals have sparked motivation in teams to implement
strategies with substantially high amounts of risk (Knight, Durham, & Locke, 2001). Sometimes
people will believe higher risk strategies produce the greatest returns, yet high–risk goals
consistently result in failure as well (Knight et. al, 2001). Additionally, when individuals
simultaneously create two goals there is a greater chance they exert too much energy and focus on
achieving just one of those goals. This can lead to one of the goals not receiving enough attention,
which can potentially result in the person failing to reach the end result in either goal. In short, these
are three common limitations of goal setting that typically draw concerns from other researchers and
theorists. However, it is important people are aware of the limitations that do not receive as much
attention, such as team goal setting, unethical behavior in high performance goals, and subconscious
goals.
Team Goal Setting According to Arraya, Pellissier, and Preto (2015), team goal setting involves
much more than merely goal setting. The three authors conducted a study on team goal setting in the
sports industry. The study revolved around three major factors: goal–orientation, collectivism, and

My Leadership Style : Leadership, The Skills Model And...
Leadership is a part of every social relationship, even in ways we do not stop to consider. Each
individual sees leadership through a different lens and from a different perspective. My personal
leadership style is something I constantly work to improve. The specific situation I am in directs
how I take action in my leadership role. Throughout this paper, I will address how my leadership
style relates to the trait approach, authentic leadership, the skills model and motivations, and the
path–goal theory.
The foundation of my leadership style stems from the trait approach. After a revival of its original
intentions, the trait approach can now be summarized as a leadership approach that focuses directly
on the leader's traits that prove critical to the way they lead (Northouse, 40). Trait leadership is
known to set leaders and the idea of leadership apart from the group. Trait leadership has lots of
research to back up its claims (Northouse, 41). Trait approach leaders, often times take quizzes and
assessments to pinpoint what leadership characteristics they have most developed. After taking such
assessments, I can conclude that my confidence, my enthusiasm, and my dedication and
perseverance to complete a task are traits most central to my personal leadership. If I am not
satisfied with the results or I feel I have not fully met my personal expectations, I stay dedicated
until I have met them. Additionally, when leading a group of people, or put in front of a crowd, I
feel

The Path Goal Approach Theory
This journal article on the path–goal approach theory is a study that carefully examines the rapport
and connection amongst leaders and followers job expectancies. This model designed by House
(1974) addresses the directive, supportive, participative and achievement –oriented components of
leadership and subordinates. Additionally, it studies the conduct and character of leaders while
investigating situational contingences that transform those behaviors. Therefore, the leader's role in
this model is to ensure that they provide guidance and support while demonstrating behavior that is
motivational by inspiring followers to work diligently to achieve organizational goals that were
carefully outlined to facilitate success. Hence, the purpose of this study was to test the validity of
the path–goal theory with reference to expectancy theory. Conversely, it revealed that cellular
companies gives adequate powers to its managers to offer incentives to individuals performing at
high levels. However, a weaker relationship between the leader conduct and the followers' job
expectancy was the outcome. One exception noted was that of supportive leader behavior which
was revealed at the conclusion of the study. Subsequently, the behavior of the leader had a
tremendous impact on outcome. Leaders must assist subordinates throughout the path by
eliminating road blocks along the way. The primary function of the leader in this research was to
motivate subordinates and increase payoffs

What Is Path Goal Leadership Theory? Essay
This leadership model has been helpful in and managerial training class. This approach has been
successful because of the different ways that it can be used in situations. There is not a go–to
management styles that works for every situation. This theory gives leaders the opportunity to get to
know their followers and figure out what best approach is. Reddin's basic management styles result
from the different levels of concern for the people and the task. When comparing the Redding's
planes of styles to the situational approach these levels are equivalent to D1, D2, D3, and D4. The
situational approach also makes leaders look at the different developmental domains their followers
are on. It is best for the leader to be around the same developmental level as their followers.
Problems can arise if leaders and follower are not on the same page developmentally.
PATH–GOAL LEADERSHIP THEORY
Path–goal theory states that the leadership behaviors of formally appointed superiors directly affect
their subordinates and that subordinate performance, motivation, and satisfaction can be increased
by subordinates' belief in their own capabilities, best fits the employees. (Schaible–Brandon &
Muth) The key to implementing the path goad leadership theory is for the leader to identify what is
missing from the equation Leaders should focus on the needs of their situation. There are four
different types of leadership behavior in the Path–Goal theory.
1. Directive Path–Goal Clarifying

Path Goals Theory : The Path Goal Theory Essay
Path–goal theory was developed by University of Toronto professor Martin Evans in the 1960s but
the idea was later expanded by Robert House who was formerly at University of Toronto, but now
he is at Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania (Langton, Robbins, & Judge,
272). Path–goal theory is a leadership theory that says it is the leader's job to help followers in
attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to make sure that each
individual's goals are consistent with the overall goals of the group or organization (Langton,
Robbins, & Judge, 272). Basically the leader's job is to provide followers with information, support,
or other resources that are necessary to achieve their goals (Langton, Robbins, & Judge, 273). The
path–goal theory contains some elements from the Ohio State leadership research about initiating
structure and the consideration and the expectancy theory about motivation (Langton, Robbins, &
Judge, 273). In the path–goal theory, a leader should follow important guidelines in order to be
effective. The first guideline is to determine the outcomes that the subordinates want. This can
include good pay, job security, interesting work, and the autonomy to do one's job (Langton,
Robbins, & Judge, 273). The second guideline is to reward individuals with their desired outcomes
when they perform well (Dr. Zina's Notes). The third guideline is to let the individuals know what
they need to receive rewards, which

The Path Goal Theory Of Leadership House
Question 3.
Within the path–goal theory of leadership House (1996) suggests that degree to which subordinates
need clarification is dependent on the require amount of motivation from their leader. Therefore, the
subordinates who require more clarification of their action require extra motivation to increase their
confidence. Some people view motivation as encouragement whilst other to some extent find it
insulting, hence an effective leader will be aware of where their motivational leadership is required.
Cynthia's subordinates appears to be the most motivated workers because Cynthia's leadership style
is so supportive. The troubleshooting sessions motivate her subordinates to perform because
discussing your mistake is confronting, therefore, if you do your job to the best of your ability it's
unlikely you'll make a huge mistake. Further Cynthia fulfils Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Maslow
1987). The subordinates have challenging work, she raises their self–esteem through praise and
rewards, its assumed through her label as 'part parent' she is socially pleasant. Further she continues
to emphasise safely and helps her subordinates physiologically as she builds up workers who are
feeling down. Further people obviously love her attitude and work ethic because those who are
rotated to different shifts tend to have a difficult transition from her leadership.
Ken lacks in the motivation aspect which leads to his subordinates being bored and discussing how
boring their shift is

Leadership Theory And The Path Goal Theory Essay
INTRODUCTION The goal of this literature review is to observe the different ways in which the
field of leadership is developing along with the importance of its evolutionary path for theories,
models, and different methods. Leadership focuses not only on the leader, but also on subordinates,
peers, supervisors, work setting, and culture. Leadership has evolved over the years and we're going
to explore a few updated leadership approaches.
There are a few different leadership approaches that were discussed in this course. The leadership
approaches I'll be discussing are the trait, skills, style, and the situational approaches, as well as two
leadership theories which are contingency theory and the path–goal theory.
In the early 20th century, leadership traits were studied to determine what made certain people great
leaders. Researchers were looking to see if distinct leaders were born with special traits. The
theories that were developed are called "great man" theories because they focused on identifying the
innate qualities and characteristics possessed by great political, social, and military leaders. During
this time, research concentrated on determining the specific traits that clearly differentiated leaders
from followers (Bass, 1990; Jago, 1982).
Researchers have studied leadership skills directly or indirectly for a number of years (see Bass,
1990, pp. 97–109). This approach advises that effective skills and abilities can be developed.
However, the motivation for

The Social Needs Path Goal Theory
To fulfill the social needs path–goal theory is useful for a leader than any other theories to be
successful in a management. This theory is based on emphasizing a leader 's technique and actions
that fit the employee, and the work atmosphere in order to achieve a goal within an organization.
Also, in an organization, for leaders it is crucial to motivating the subordinates to achieve a goal;
and this theory specifically sheds a light on why it is beneficial for leaders to utilize path–goal
model over other theories to achieve that goal. On the contrary, the leader–member exchange theory
creates favoritism. As this theory solely based upon the interaction founded between the leaders and
the followers, it shows in terms of leadership perspectives how leaders treat their followers in a
collective way, by leaving the ones who disagrees with him or her. This theory exclusively focuses
on utilizing the leader's ordinary leadership approach over going above and beyond in the
management setting. Although there are quite a few positive features of the leader–member
exchange theory, however, it splits up the subordinates among each other by creating a rift among
themselves. This happens only due to the leaders approach on it, since it is based up how a
subordinate gets along with the leader. This means a group of subordinates ends up benefitting from
this leadership approach and another falls behind.
To understand the importance of path–goal theory and the leader–member exchange

The Definition Of Effective Leadership
Definition of effective leadership
Most historians rank George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, and Theodore
Roosevelt as America's finest leaders. Agreement on their quality is so strong, in fact, that in the
1920s, their likenesses were immortalized on Mount Rushmore, which has since become an iconic
symbol of great leadership.
On the other end of the spectrum, Warren G. Harding, Pierce, James Buchanan, and George W. Bush
are ranked as among our worst leaders. Herbert Hoover, John Tyler, and Millard Fillmore sank to
the bottom as well.
The unanimity among these rankings suggests that the qualities that make an effective leader do not
change with place and time, with the governed body or with the situation. America's sixth president,
John Quincy Adams, defined leadership this way: "If your actions inspire others to dream more,
learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader." I agree that effective leadership is
distinguished by four critical qualities: passion, vision, emotional intelligence, and confidence.
Leaders who possess these qualities are able to make a positive impact on their institution–as Adams
did, improving American life through his strong hand on the wheel of the ship.
Without a leader's clear vision and guidance, a business is like a ship drifting aimlessly. The leader's
vision provides the map, establishing a path that leads to the desired destination. Effective leaders
create clear, concise visions that identify the key actions

Analysis Of Douglas Mcgregor 's Theory X And Theory Y And...
This paper will focus on leadership styles Contingency Model, Douglas McGregor's Theory X, and
Theory Y and Robert Houses Leaderships based on traits and Path–Goal Leadership Theory. These
theories focus on the qualities distinguished between leaders and employees, while other leadership
theories looked at aspects like situations and skills. If you ask multiple people, their definition of
what a leader is you will get multiple answers. Leadership is an action, being able to collaborate
with others and surrounding yourself with people who have the mentality to do what is right.
Leadership often means that you will deal with uncertainty and will have to make decisions hoping
that other people will follow. A successful leader has a clear ... Show more content on
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You can be a leader in your place of employment, your community, church or in your family
without being an eminent person. As the oldest of eight children being a leader was the only option.
As the oldest leading the way for my younger siblings, I was well–organized and outspoken. Be an
example and a great role model there watching your every move is what I was told. Everything I
learned whether it was a lesson or a blessing, was passed down. I took being the oldest and a leader
with me throughout my lifetime. The first to graduate High School and the first to graduate College.
Therefore, encouraging a few of my siblings to do the same. Being a leader for my family
encouraged me to think for myself in all aspects of life and to make everyday a learning experience.
I did not have to be rich or considered a celebrity for my family to respect me or to look up to me.
The decisions I made as an individual being honest, educating myself and making good decisions
made them believe in me.
The first step to figuring out if leadership is a trait or a process is to determine the definition. A trait
can be a physical quality, mental quality or features an individual possess. The leadership process
can be learned. When researching leadership traits, you will learn who the leader is, you will find
that personality, demographics and socioeconomic factors can influence a leader's leadership style.
Psychologists took into consideration the characteristics that

The Pathgoal Theory Of The Path-Goal Theory
PATH–GOAL THEORY
Path–goal theory, originally developed by Evans (1970) and later modified by House (1971), was
designed to identify a leader's most practiced style as a motivation to get subordinates to accomplish
goals, as commented by Leana Polston–Murdoch (2013). The theory builds strongly on two theories
of work motivation: goal setting and expectancy theory. Goal–setting theory suggests that an
effective way to motivate people is to set of SMART goals and to offer rewards if goal
accomplished. Expectancy theory explains why people work hard and motivated to attain work
goals. People will engage in behaviors that lead to goal attainment if they believe that their goal
attainment leads to something they value, for example: increments or ... Show more content on
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Leadership differentiation matrix is one of the tools that Unilever is practicing to identify high
performers and non–performers.
This leadership differentiation tool report provides an overview of the employee's performance and
will be use as talent profile. This metric illustrates the proportion of employees who have one of the
9 positions on the LDT matrix. High performer employees will be listed and displayed in this report.
In Unilever, line manager not always treat everyone within the team in the same way. For instance,
line manager probably will focus develop subordinate that in the green quadrant, follow by white
quadrant. Vise versa, subordinate that felt into amber and red quadrant are giving lease attention as
the have identify

path goal theory case study
A Case Study On Path Goal Theory
In the path–theory preferring to "Jeanne Lewis case", she used several behavior techniques to
influence her staff. The staff behavior to the techniques will be explained in relation to path–goal
theory. The "Jeanne Lewis Case", will explain the aspects or relationship of staff behavior to
characteristics of the path–goal theory. These techniques removed obstacles that interfered with
goals accomplishment, provides and support needed by employees, and ties meaningful rewards to
goal accomplishment.
The Lewis case showed several leadership behaviors used to motivate her staff at Staples. One of
the leadership behaviors displayed when she was hired in her first position as director of operations.
Mrs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She clarified her objections and managed very firm before loosing, providing guidance on how
employee's can complete task.
She also used path–goal theory leadership behavior of achievement–oriented behavior. When she
took over the merchandise department she emphasized excellence. Lewis wanted the staff to look
outside the box. They set challenging goals, seeking continuous improvement. The highest
performance was expected and status quo was not accepted. Lewis saw that the buyers and venders
lacked challenge and these are some of techniques used to motivate. Lewis also incorporated
participating leadership behavior; this allowed participation by the staff by opening dialogue. She is
attempting to bridge the relationship within the marketing department when promoted to senior vice
president of small business & retail marketing; this allowed the staff to influence making decisions.
Lewis solicited suggestions from each department and shared information in pursuing cooperation.
The supportive leadership behavior was displayed when she more relaxed and an open door policy
to discuss issues in the department. She stayed positive and very accessible to her staff. In the
facilitating leadership behavior she scheduled bi–monthly meeting with the departments to gather
assistance and feedback from staff. She would also hang around her staff and ask questions to learn
from their experience. Lewis displayed valued based behaviors that established a vision, displaying

Path Goal Theory Analysis
The theory I chose to analyze and discuss is Path Goal. The Path Goal theory generally is about how
a leader motivates subordinates to accomplish designated goals.The main focus on the Path Goal
theory is to define the goals, designate the path that you are going to take, remove and overcome
any obstacles that may arise and finally provide support. The main components of Path Goal Theory
consist of leader behaviors, subordinate characteristics and task characteristics. Leadership
behaviors are comprised into four components: directive, supportive, participative and Achievement
oriented. Directive leadership is when a leader sets clear standards of performance and makes the
rules and regulations clear to subordinates. Supportive leadership consists of being a friendly and
approachable leader. In case a staff member needs your assistance they can come to you with no
hesitation. Participative leadership is when the leader allows for input from subordinates and is not
focused solely on their ideas. Last, achievement orientated is when a ... Show more content on
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This assessment is a questionnaire about different styles of Path–Goal leadership.The assessment
score based off what I receive on the questionnaire provide information about which style of
leadership I would use most often while having a leadership role. For Directive style, the score I
received 26. This is a common score for Directive style. For Supportive style, the score I received
was 33. This is a high score for the Supportive style. For Participative style, the score I received was
a 26. This is considered a high score for the participative style. Finally for Achievement–Orientated
style the score I received was was 27. This score is extremely high for Achievement–Orientated
style. This assessment showed that I am more likely to demonstrate a Participative, Supportive and
Achievement– Orientated style when in a leadership

Use of the Path-Goal Theory in the "Jeanne Lewis" Case
Use of the Path–Goal Theory in the "Jeanne Lewis" case Path–Goal theory of leadership suggests
that a leader needs to influence followers' perceptions of work goals, self–development goals, and
paths to goal attainment: "Leader behaviors thus are expected to be acceptable when employees
view them as a source of satisfaction or as paying the way to future satisfaction. In addition, leader
behavior is predicted to be motivational to the extent it (1). Reduce roadblocks that interfere with
goal accomplishment (2) Provides the guidance and support needed by employees and (3) ties
meaningful rewards to goal accomplishment." (R. Kreitner & A. Kinicki Organizational Behavior,
8th edition, P475) Path Goal theory is one of important theories ... Show more content on
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Again a P & L responsibility of $350 million was assigned to her. With zero experience in buying
and negotiating Jean created a merchandising strategy and again made this sick category a winner.
Lewis, with the help of her team replaced over 75% of the product assortment and tripled the Direct
Product Profitability. Setting a foot in a new pasture and making trends in it was more than an
achievement for Jean. Here she was not only testing herself but also her colleagues. She started
scrutinizing the cause of troubles. According to Richard Gentry, the EVP of Merchandising, Jean for
the first person to look that what it cost to handle a product in the distribution centers and what it
cost in terms of space in the store. Thus she demonstrated high standards of work which is a very
important quality of an Achievement Oriented leader. C. Identify the behavior of Lewis's employees
in response to her leadership style. In whatever department's Lewis worked, her employees
comprehended that they could manipulate her by getting in depth of the matter and supporting their
position with relevant analyses. Her employees were of the view that it was her personality, her hard
work and her penetrating mind that helped her challenge not only her employees but also stimulated
her staff members to challenge each other. Thus, in this way she was able to set and complete
demanding goals for the department. Also she

Leaders And Followers : An Effective Leader
To be an effective leader you need to give subordinates what is missing in their environment by
helping them balance for their lack of abilities in certain areas (Northouse, 2013). The concept
behind leaders and followers is a continuation of the situational approach, (Northouse, 2013) "which
suggests that a leader must adapt to the development level of subordinates". This led to a more
developed theory where leaders focus on motivating employee in other to enhance their
performance and satisfaction thus path–goal theory was born, the link between the style a leaders
uses and different kinds of subordinate in a work setting (Northouse, 2013). Although subordinates
know that they will be successful if they believe that the payoff for their work is worthwhile, a
theory was put into place to help guide the leaders in the right direction when it comes to
subordinates characteristics and task characteristic. Kelly stated that for someone to be accepted as a
leader you have to a group of followers who wants to follow you (Kelly, 2009). The roles of leaders
and followers within a certain organisation stems from the path–goal–theory, which breaks down the
behaviours into four main ones;
Directive leaders give subordinates instruction about tasks, which includes what, is expected of
them, how it is to be done and the timeline.
Supportive leaders are approachable and friendly, while caring about the well being of their
subordinates. Everyone is treated as one
Participative

Essay on Path-Goal Leadership Theory
Path–goal theory deals with the leader's style to motivate followers, to accomplish set goals
(Northouse, 2010). The path–goal theory is simply the implication that a leader works with an
individual to establish a goal. The leader does this by individual motivation to achieve the proposed
goal, while working through obstacles that may hinder achieving that goal (Whitener, 2007). The
basic assumption of path–goal theory is that the following motivates subordinates: the capability to
perform the work, their efforts will result in a certain outcome, and the payoff will be worthwhile
(Whitener, 2007). The path–goal theory is a pragmatic approach that the leader uses to motivate the
followers to achieve the set goals.
The path–goal theory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leader behavior, follower characteristics and task characteristics all impact a follower's motivation
and to determine how effective, or ineffective, a leader may be (Northouse, 2010).
Our organization, Dr. Pepper Snapple Group (DPSG), embarked on an attempt to reduce or costs of
lost vending assets in our company. The current vending asset tracking process is completely
manual in nature. SAP's Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) is the term DPSG uses to describe
how DPSG will track vending equipment from the time is it ordered until the time it is removed
from a customer and retired. SAP is the recognized leader in providing collaborative business
solutions for all types of industries and for every major market (CSC, 2010). Under the directive
leadership of our director, this will enable DPSG to focus our people on activities which truly add
visibility to our assets and further ensures our success in executing a winning strategy by having
clearly defined tasks and reachable goals.
To successfully motivate the employees going through these changes, management must use
positive organizational behavior (POB) that focuses positive psychology on the workplace (Kinicki
& Kreitner, 2009). This form of supportive leadership has been shown to positively impact
commitment, job satisfaction, performance, and customer satisfaction and employee engagement
when managers introduce positive attributes and capabilities into the workplace (Kinicki & Kreitner,

The Four Styles Of Path-Goal Theory Of Leadership
Many people think the role of managers and leaders are the same. Does managers and leader holds
the same power? The purpose of this essay is to explain what path–goal theory of leadership is, to
identify the four styles of leadership styles of path goal theory, and to explain when they are most
appropriately used. According to Williams, McWilliams & Lawrence (2017) leadership can be
defined as the process of leading others towards achieving its organisational goals.
According to Williams, McWilliams and Lawrence (2017), path goal theory is a leadership theory
that states that leaders can increase satisfaction, motivation and performance of subordinates by
understanding subordinates style of working, coaching, guiding and also rewarding subordinates ...
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According to Usman, Usman and Sugianto (2016) participative leadership is when leaders tries to
include subordinates suggestions but finals decision is decided by the leaders. These two authors
states similar ideas about participative leadership which is encouraging participation in the decision
process that directly affect subordinates. The goal for participative leadership style is to enhance
subordinates quality of their work life. The decision making process works by a leader giving the
subordinates information regarding company's issues. They will then discuss and take majority vote
in which the company will take action of. It may be time consuming because leaders will have to
listen and take not of everyone's opinions, but it has several advantages that may make it a right
managerial method. Lussier and Achua (cited in Malik 2013) defines that participative leadership
style is appropriate when tasks given are complex, subordinates are experienced and confident and
they follow instructions to order.
These subordinates most likely have high abilities and high internal focus of

Example Of Path Goal Theory
Based on the principles of path–goal theory, describe why Art and Bob appear to be less effective
than Carol?
Path goal theory is based on how leader behavior affects on subordinate satisfaction, motivation and
performance (Alanazi, Alharthey & Rasli, 2013). Carol seems to have chosen the style that best fits
the needs of her subordinates and the work they are doing. Subordinates described her as part
parent, part coach, part manufacturing expert and wonderful knack for making everything fall into
place. Carol seemed to display the balance her workers needed. She stresses company goals and the
rewards that are available if workers are able to make the grade. In addition, Carol does a great job
at defining goals, clarifying the path, removing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bob is great with those employees that have a need for affiliation because they require the
satisfaction from getting those "pats on the back" from the supervisor. This type of styles enhances
intrinsic motivation of subordinates (Martin, 2012).
Carol practices all four initial Path–goal leadership theories. However, she goes further and deals
with the subordinate characteristics, and task characteristics (Northouse, 2012). Using all of the
knowledge and expertise of the Path– goal leadership style has Carol's subordinates happy, willing
to work hard, and are motivated when needed by

Path-Goal Theory
PATH GOAL THEORY OF LEADERSHIP
Leadership is the key issue in the development and advancement of groups, organizations, society
and nations. The study of leadership plays a vital role in the behavioral and management sciences. It
has also received a lot of attention, as well as is intensively explored even up to this day. This paper
will be covering leadership proposed by Robert House which describes four styles of leadership,
namely: (1) supportive leadership, (2) directive leadership, (3) participative leadership, and (4)
achievement oriented leadership. This paper will be portraying the situations wherein each style
would be appropriate, with the specific reference to the characteristics of the follower group and the
nature of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This long and comprehensive definition provided by Stogdill take account of many skills and traits
that characterize leaders; however, does not identify the relevance of the role of the goal direction
and exerting influences on the group and its members. Hershey and Blanchard (1972) give a more
functional definition of leadership. They state that:
"Leadership is a process of interpersonal influence from a person unto other(s) in the direction of a
goal, where the other(s) subsequently act of own will in the direction sought for by the leader."
Upon close examination of the definitions stated above as well as other definitions by various
authors, the researcher has realized that there Is no agreement in the literature for defining the term
"leadership". Authors too such as Bryman (1986), Kotter (1988) and Yuki (1994) have noticed this
as well. Bryman (1986) notes that there seems to be a mismatch in various definitions of leadership
wherein some of this mismatched is associated to the element "having a goal or a target" which
appears to be a part of some of the definitions but lacking in others. In addition, Bryman (1986) has
also distinguished the study of leadership in organizations and the study of leadership per se.
Furthermore, Yuki (1994), upon close examination on the various definition of the term "leader"
concluded that there is also a mismatched among the scholars who try

Path Goal Theory
Path–Goal Analysis House's (1971) Path–Goal Theory was developed to provide ways in which
leaders can encourage and support their followers in achieving the goals they have been set by
making a clear and easy path. According to House and Mitchell (1974) leaders can: 1) clarify the
path so followers know the way to go, 2) help remove roadblocks, and 3) increase rewards along the
path. Normative Model Vroom and Yetton (1973) defined five different decision procedures and the
situational factors that influence a leaders decision making strategy. Two are autocratic (A1 and A2),
two are consultative (C1 and C2) and one is Group based (G2). A1: Leader takes known information
and then decides alone. A2: Leader gets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leaders then create a context for employee motivation by selecting leadership behaviors (directive,
supportive, participative, or achievement–oriented) that provide ''what is missing'' for employees in
a particular work setting (Northouse, 2001). Thus, in path–goal theory, it is the leader's
responsibility to motivate subordinates to reach their goals by directing, guiding, and coaching them
along the way. According to House (1977), effects that are a direct result of charismatic leadership
include follower trust in the leader's ideology, similarity between followers' beliefs and the leader's
beliefs, unquestioning acceptance of the leader, expression of warmth toward the leader, follower
obedience, identification with the leader, emotional involvement with the leader's goals, and
heightened goals for followers and follower confidence in goal achievement. Klein and House
(1995) call charismatic leadership ''a fire that ignites followers' energy and commitment producing
results above and beyond the call of duty.'' These effects are seen to have a higher probability of
occurrence in stressful environments and situations where followers look to leaders to deliver them
from their difficulties (Northhouse, 2001). Path–Goal theory is a situational leadership approach
developed by House and Mitchell (1974). It focuses on how leaders motivate followers to
accomplish goals and enhance performance and satisfaction. The leader in Path–Goal theory helps
the followers

Path-Goal Leadership Theory Literature Review
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No | Item | | Page No | 1.0 | Introduction | – | 1 | 2.0 | Background of Path–Goal Theory | – | 3 | 3.0 |
Formulation & Development of Path–Goal Theory | – | 7 | 4.0 | Basic Concept an Analysis of
Path–Goal Theory | – | 18 | 5.0 | Issues & Criticisms of Path–Goal Theory | – | 22 | 6.0 | Impact
of Path–Goal Theory | | 24 | 7.0 | Related Examples | – | 25 | 8.0 | Recommendation | – | 28 | 9.0 |
Conclusion | – | 30 | | References | – | 31 |
1.0 INTRODUCTION Path Goal Theory also known as the path–goal theory of leader effectiveness
or the path–goal model is a theory proposed by Martin Evans and Robert House, which is then
developed by Robert House who is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Effective leaders clarify the path to help their followers achieve their goals and make the journey
easier by reducing roadblocks and pitfalls. Research demonstrates that employee performance and
satisfaction are positively influenced when the leader compensates for the shortcomings in either the
employee or the work setting.
Overall, the path–goal theory, path–goal theory of leader effectiveness, or path–goal model can be
considered as a variant on Transactional Leadership Theory, where the leader clearly is directing
activity and the only factor that varies is the manner in which this is done. There are some aspects of
Contingency Theory, as well, where various means of application vary with the situation. The leader
sees a path that needs to be tread, one leading to the accomplishment of a goal and she or he
attempts to clear it and get the group members to tread on it. The leader may cajole command,
reward or punish, get suggestions from the group, or sugar coat the tasks, if necessary, but it is clear
that democracy is not the hallmark of this method. The Path–goal of Leadership Effectiveness was
created to rectify prior research and anomalies resulting from empirical investigations of the effects
of leader/task orientation and leader/person orientation/relationship on worker satisfaction and
performance (House 1971).
This literature review will give the origin of the theory, define the theory, and describe and give
example

Path-Goal Theory Of Donald Trump's Leadership Behavior
3.6. Path–Goal Theory Path–goal theory emphasizes the association between the style of a leader
and the features of the subordinate and the work setting. Path–goal theory can be break down in
smaller units. After dividing it in smaller units, we can discuss Donald Trump's leadership approach
according to path–goal theory more effectively. Moreover, these smaller units are Leader behavior
(Directive, Participative, Achievement Oriented and Supportive), characteristics of a subordinate,
task characteristics and motivation. According to path–goal theory, leader's behavior could change
with change in subordinate characteristics or task characteristics, which will also affect the
motivation level of employees. Comparing Donald trump's behavior with path–goal theory I think
his behavior is mix of three of the behaviors mentioned above i.e. directive, participative and
achievement oriented, he is not a kind of supportive leader. He hires competent ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Transformational Leadership Donald Trump was somehow transformational leader. In
transformational leadership, a leader motivates his/her followers morally, ethically to achieve more
than as normally expected. Donald Trump did this most of the time, he always motivate others
through his own example. He himself works hard, loves his work and business and expects the same
from others. Trump is a very good communicator and public speaker; he was a host of famous TV
show The Apprentice where every year he searched most suitable employee for his business among
a group a talented candidates from all over the United State. In the same show also motivates the
young ones for future through his special skills. Trump is also influential in day to day business
activities, people who do business with him can trust him, have confident in him, they know Trump
will never let them down and would do his best because he never want to lose. So we can say they
feel lucky to do business with

Path Goal Theory

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