Using your own words, describe the path of sperm from the beginning of development until it exits the body. Include in your description all of the glands that contribute to semen, what they contribute, and the function of each, and all structures it passes through. Solution Sperm mother cells are diploid and are called Spermatogonia. The process development of Sperm cells from Sperm mother cells is called Spermatogenesis. It is started at the time of puberty. Spermatogonia undergo mitosis and form diploid Primary Spermatocytes. The Primary Spermatocytes undergo meiosis1 to form secondary spermatocytes. Meiosis II completes and forms four haploid spermatids per spermatogonium cell. The spermatids undergo a structural transformation to form sperm cells or spermatozoa by a process termed spermiogenesis. The spermatozoa embed their heads in nutrient rich Sertoli cells until released. The spermatozoa are then released into the seminiferous tubules by a process termed spermiation. The spermatogenesis is strictly under hormonal control. When a male child reaches puberty, his hypothalamus releases high levels of Gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH). The GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Leutinizing hormones (LH) in blood. These hormones reach the gonad; LH stimulates the are Leydig\'s cells and FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells. LH-stimulated Leydig\'s cells release testosterone (very important hormone for spermatogenesis) and estrodiol. While Sertoli cells release the androgen binding protein (ABP, which concentrates the testosterone), estradiol and inhibin (control secretion of FSH). The secretions of the Sertoli cells control the process of spermiogenesis. FSH is also involved in the formation of blood-testis barrier, besides preventing apoptosis of type A sperm mother cells. The adrenal glands secrete estrogen hormone. The role of estrogen in spermatogenesis is doubtful; however, a man with estrogen insensitive syndrome produced less viable sperms. Antithetically high estrogen levels are detrimental to FSH and testosterone production. Following spermiation, the sperms from seminiferous vesicles are transported to accessory ducts and as it moves through ejaculatory ducts it mixes with the secretions of the seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral glands to form semen..

1. Using your own words, describe the path of sperm from the beginning of development until it
exits the body. Include in your description all of the glands that contribute to semen, what they
contribute, and the function of each, and all structures it passes through.
Solution
Sperm mother cells are diploid and are called Spermatogonia. The process development of
Sperm cells from Sperm mother cells is called Spermatogenesis. It is started at the time of
puberty.
Spermatogonia undergo mitosis and form diploid Primary Spermatocytes. The Primary
Spermatocytes undergo meiosis1 to form secondary spermatocytes. Meiosis II completes and
forms four haploid spermatids per spermatogonium cell. The spermatids undergo a structural
transformation to form sperm cells or spermatozoa by a process termed spermiogenesis. The
spermatozoa embed their heads in nutrient rich Sertoli cells until released. The spermatozoa are
then released into the seminiferous tubules by a process termed spermiation.
The spermatogenesis is strictly under hormonal control. When a male child reaches puberty, his
hypothalamus releases high levels of Gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH). The GnRH
stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Leutinizing
hormones (LH) in blood. These hormones reach the gonad; LH stimulates the are Leydig's cells
and FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells. LH-stimulated Leydig's cells release testosterone (very
important hormone for spermatogenesis) and estrodiol. While Sertoli cells release the androgen
binding protein (ABP, which concentrates the testosterone), estradiol and inhibin (control
secretion of FSH). The secretions of the Sertoli cells control the process of spermiogenesis. FSH
is also involved in the formation of blood-testis barrier, besides preventing apoptosis of type A
sperm mother cells.
The adrenal glands secrete estrogen hormone. The role of estrogen in spermatogenesis is
doubtful; however, a man with estrogen insensitive syndrome produced less viable sperms.
Antithetically high estrogen levels are detrimental to FSH and testosterone production.
Following spermiation, the sperms from seminiferous vesicles are transported to accessory ducts
and as it moves through ejaculatory ducts it mixes with the secretions of the seminal vesicle,
prostate, and bulbourethral glands to form semen.