This document discusses chorioamnionitis, an inflammation of the fetal membranes that occurs in 10% of laboring women and nearly 30% of preterm births. Chorioamnionitis increases risks for both mother and baby, including cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal sepsis. It is often caused by ascending bacterial infections during labor and can be influenced by factors like prolonged rupture of membranes, digital exams, fetal monitoring devices, and poor perineal hygiene. The document recommends nursing actions to reduce rates of chorioamnionitis by influencing these modifiable factors.
1. Thyroid disorders are common in pregnancy, affecting 1-2% of pregnant women. Optimal management is important for pregnancy outcomes.
2. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause complications for both mother and fetus if not treated properly. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism. Antithyroid drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism.
3. Factors like hCG and estrogen increase thyroid function in pregnancy, requiring adjustments to diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders compared to non-pregnant individuals. Monitoring of thyroid levels is important during and after pregnancy.
LSCS in Chorioamnionitis at ICCOB 2021 Ahmedabad 181221Niranjan Chavan
Chorioamnionitis in pregnancy leads to PPROM, Preterm labour, maternal and fetal sepsis. Deliver is imminent. LSCS do not improve the fetal outcome in such patients.
A normal pregnancy results in a number of important reversible physiological and hormonal changes that alter thyroid structure and more importantly function.
Understanding these change are important to interpreting, identifying and managing of thyroid disease in pregnancy.
Secondary amenorrhoea by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjeealka mukherjee
The first step in the evaluation of any patient with secondary amenorrhea is a urine pregnancy test. Every contraceptive method has a failure rate, and anyone who is menstruating is potentially fertile, regardless of age. [5][6]
If the pregnancy test is negative, consider the clinical picture: hirsutism, acne, and a long history of infrequent and irregular menses suggest polycystic ovarian syndrome. By the Rotterdam criteria, a patient may be diagnosed with PCOS if she has two of the following: clinical or chemical hyperandrogenism, oligo- or amenorrhea, or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. So if a patient has evidence of hirsutism and oligo- or amenorrhea, she can be diagnosed with PCOS without further laboratory testing or imaging.
If history and physical exam are not consistent with PCOS, a TSH should be ordered. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism can lead to menstrual dysfunction.
If TSH is normal, check a serum prolactin. Elevated serum prolactin suggests prolactinoma.
Chorioamnionitis, also known as intraamniotic infection (IAI), can cause significant fetal and maternal morbidity. IAI occurs in 1-5% of term and up to 25-50% of preterm deliveries. It is defined as infection of the amniotic fluid, membranes, and/or placental tissue before, during or within 24 hours of birth. Fetal complications include prematurity, brain/neurological injury, pulmonary disease, and developmental disorders. Maternal complications include sepsis, coagulopathy, ARDS, and increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on maternal fever and signs of maternal/fetal infection, but amniocentesis
This document defines and discusses transverse lie, which occurs when the long axis of the fetus lies perpendicular to the maternal spine. Key points include:
- Transverse lie has an incidence of about 1 in 300 births and is more common in multiparous women and preterm fetuses.
- Diagnosis involves abdominal and vaginal exams to identify the fetal parts in unusual positions.
- Spontaneous delivery is very rare and management typically involves external cephalic version to change the lie, followed by induction if successful. Cesarean delivery is required if version fails or the fetus is in distress.
This document discusses post-term pregnancy, which is defined as a pregnancy extending beyond 42 weeks of gestation. Risks of post-term pregnancy include fetal complications like meconium aspiration and fetal distress as well as maternal risks such as increased need for instrumental or cesarean delivery. Diagnosis involves assessing factors like menstrual history, fundal height, and ultrasound evaluations. Management may involve expectant monitoring for low-risk cases or induction of labor for cases with complications or signs of fetal distress.
1. Thyroid disorders are common in pregnancy, affecting 1-2% of pregnant women. Optimal management is important for pregnancy outcomes.
2. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause complications for both mother and fetus if not treated properly. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism. Antithyroid drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism.
3. Factors like hCG and estrogen increase thyroid function in pregnancy, requiring adjustments to diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders compared to non-pregnant individuals. Monitoring of thyroid levels is important during and after pregnancy.
LSCS in Chorioamnionitis at ICCOB 2021 Ahmedabad 181221Niranjan Chavan
Chorioamnionitis in pregnancy leads to PPROM, Preterm labour, maternal and fetal sepsis. Deliver is imminent. LSCS do not improve the fetal outcome in such patients.
A normal pregnancy results in a number of important reversible physiological and hormonal changes that alter thyroid structure and more importantly function.
Understanding these change are important to interpreting, identifying and managing of thyroid disease in pregnancy.
Secondary amenorrhoea by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjeealka mukherjee
The first step in the evaluation of any patient with secondary amenorrhea is a urine pregnancy test. Every contraceptive method has a failure rate, and anyone who is menstruating is potentially fertile, regardless of age. [5][6]
If the pregnancy test is negative, consider the clinical picture: hirsutism, acne, and a long history of infrequent and irregular menses suggest polycystic ovarian syndrome. By the Rotterdam criteria, a patient may be diagnosed with PCOS if she has two of the following: clinical or chemical hyperandrogenism, oligo- or amenorrhea, or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. So if a patient has evidence of hirsutism and oligo- or amenorrhea, she can be diagnosed with PCOS without further laboratory testing or imaging.
If history and physical exam are not consistent with PCOS, a TSH should be ordered. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism can lead to menstrual dysfunction.
If TSH is normal, check a serum prolactin. Elevated serum prolactin suggests prolactinoma.
Chorioamnionitis, also known as intraamniotic infection (IAI), can cause significant fetal and maternal morbidity. IAI occurs in 1-5% of term and up to 25-50% of preterm deliveries. It is defined as infection of the amniotic fluid, membranes, and/or placental tissue before, during or within 24 hours of birth. Fetal complications include prematurity, brain/neurological injury, pulmonary disease, and developmental disorders. Maternal complications include sepsis, coagulopathy, ARDS, and increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on maternal fever and signs of maternal/fetal infection, but amniocentesis
This document defines and discusses transverse lie, which occurs when the long axis of the fetus lies perpendicular to the maternal spine. Key points include:
- Transverse lie has an incidence of about 1 in 300 births and is more common in multiparous women and preterm fetuses.
- Diagnosis involves abdominal and vaginal exams to identify the fetal parts in unusual positions.
- Spontaneous delivery is very rare and management typically involves external cephalic version to change the lie, followed by induction if successful. Cesarean delivery is required if version fails or the fetus is in distress.
This document discusses post-term pregnancy, which is defined as a pregnancy extending beyond 42 weeks of gestation. Risks of post-term pregnancy include fetal complications like meconium aspiration and fetal distress as well as maternal risks such as increased need for instrumental or cesarean delivery. Diagnosis involves assessing factors like menstrual history, fundal height, and ultrasound evaluations. Management may involve expectant monitoring for low-risk cases or induction of labor for cases with complications or signs of fetal distress.
Luteal Phase Defect Contributors Dr.Shweta Mittal Gupta & DGF Team Experts Lifecare Centre
This document discusses luteal phase defect (LPD), including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points:
- LPD is defined as a luteal phase that is not capable of implantation or maintaining pregnancy, and can be caused by issues with folliculogenesis, the LH surge, or progesterone production/response.
- It affects 4.4% of fertile populations and 3.5-13% of infertile patients, and as high as 32-35% of recurrent miscarriage cases.
- Diagnosis involves timed endometrial biopsies or progesterone level testing, though single tests have limitations. Treatment involves addressing underlying causes like hyperprolactinemia and
Toxemia of pregnancy: Definition,risk factors,Clinical features,management of pre-eclampsia. Nursing students will understand toxemia of pregnancy .Jasleen Kaur
This document discusses chorioamnionitis (intra-amniotic infection), including its pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, and evaluation. Chorioamnionitis occurs when pathogens ascend from the vagina and infect the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes. It complicates 40-70% of preterm births and 1-4% of term births. Diagnosis is based on maternal fever and may include leukocytosis, fetal tachycardia, and uterine tenderness. Evaluation of amniotic fluid can confirm infection through culture, Gram stain, or glucose/white blood cell counts. Histologic examination after birth also helps diagnosis.
1. Bleeding in early pregnancy can be caused by miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or rare conditions like cervical cancer or polyps.
2. Miscarriage is the most common cause, and it is defined as the natural or spontaneous end of a pregnancy before 24 weeks. Early pregnancy assessment using transvaginal ultrasound and serum hCG levels can help diagnose the cause.
3. Ectopic pregnancies, which occur when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, should also be considered and ruled out as they can be life-threatening if ruptured. Transvaginal ultrasound and serial hCG measurements are used to diagnose ectopic pregnancies.
Reduced fetal movements (RFM) can be an early sign of fetal compromise and increased risk of stillbirth. While many women experience transient RFM, sustained or late-onset RFM requires evaluation. The document discusses the definition, prevalence, and physiology of normal fetal movements. It also outlines the evaluation of a woman presenting with RFM, which may include history, examination, non-stress test, biophysical profile, ultrasound, and Doppler studies to assess fetal well-being and risk factors for adverse outcomes like growth restriction. Management depends on gestational age and test results, but aims to rule out fetal demise and identify underlying causes or complications. Formal fetal movement counting has risks and limited predictive value compared to qualitative maternal perception.
Menstrual irregularities are the problems with a girl's normal monthly menses. For example, missed periods, have them too frequently, having painful periods, or have excessively heavy flow. Menstrual irregularities can sometimes be a sign of an underlying health problem.
Management of non tubal ectopic pregnancyNuru Mohammed
This document discusses the management of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies. It begins by defining ectopic pregnancies and providing brief history. It then discusses the various types of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies including interstitial, abdominal, ovarian, cervical, heterotopic, and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies. For each type, it covers etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. Conservative and surgical management approaches are described. The document provides a comprehensive overview of rare forms of ectopic pregnancy.
Fetal distress is defined as a state of hypoxia and acidosis during pregnancy caused by depletion of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide in the fetus. It can be caused by maternal factors like preeclampsia, anemia, bleeding, or infection, as well as placental or umbilical cord issues that obstruct blood flow. This leads to respiratory acidosis in the fetus and changes in fetal heart rate. Chronic fetal distress can cause intrauterine growth retardation. Clinical manifestations include meconium staining, abnormal fetal heart rate and movement patterns, and acidosis shown on fetal blood samples. Management involves addressing the cause, correcting acidosis, and potentially terminating the pregnancy through forceps delivery or c-section depending on severity of
This document provides an overview of a slide presentation introducing the World Health Organization's (WHO) Labour Care Guide. The Labour Care Guide is a new partograph designed to improve labor monitoring and care based on WHO's 2018 intrapartum care recommendations. It aims to promote individualized, woman-centered care and prevent unnecessary interventions during labor by establishing thresholds to identify complications. The guide contains 7 sections to document a woman's care throughout labor and encourage shared decision-making between providers and women.
The normal FHR range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute (bpm). The baseline rate is interpreted as changed if the alteration persists for more than 15 minutes. Prematurity, maternal anxiety and maternal fever may increase the baseline rate, while fetal maturity decreases the baseline rate.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. It can be life-threatening because it may cause internal bleeding. The document discusses the definition, incidence, risk factors, types (acute, unruptured, chronic), clinical presentation, investigations, and management approaches for ectopic pregnancies, including expectant, medical, and surgical options depending on the individual case. The goal of treatment is to preserve fertility when possible through conservative approaches like salpingostomy or systemic methotrexate administration.
This document discusses thyroid disorders in pregnancy. It notes that hypothyroidism affects 0.05% of pregnant women while hyperthyroidism, mainly Graves' disease, affects 0.05-0.2%. Postpartum thyroiditis occurs in 5-10% of women. The thyroid gland normally enlarges in pregnancy due to increased vascularity. HCG and estrogen levels rise, decreasing TSH and free T4 levels. Treatment aims to maintain euthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is treated mainly with antithyroid drugs like PTU or carbimazole. Hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine. Postpartum thyroiditis can cause transient hyperthyroidism or hyp
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no menstrual periods by age 16. Investigations into primary amenorrhea depend on whether secondary sex characteristics are present or absent. Causes can be physiological, pathological, anatomical, endocrinological, or chromosomal. Common causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chromosomal abnormalities like Turner's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, or müllerian agenesis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy, vaginal dilation, vaginoplasty, or gonadectomy.
This document provides information on bleeding in early pregnancy. It defines early pregnancy bleeding as any vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks of gestation. Causes of bleeding include abortion, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, and cervical lesions. Abortion is described as the termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks or 500g birth weight, and can be spontaneous, threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed, or septic. Ectopic pregnancy is implantation outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. Molar pregnancy refers to hydatidiform mole, which is an abnormal proliferation of placental tissue. The document discusses symptoms, signs, management, and complications of various causes of early pregnancy bleeding.
Habitual abortion is defined as three or more successive spontaneous pregnancy losses. The incidence is 10% for a first pregnancy, 20% for once, 26% for twice, and 32% for three times. The etiology of habitual abortion is 50% idiopathic. Local causes account for 30% of second trimester abortions and include issues like a patulous internal os. General causes include endocrine issues like diabetes, immunological issues like antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, thrombophilias, and infectious agents. Fetal causes can be due to genetic issues like translocations. Investigations include ultrasounds, hysteroscopy, hormone tests, immunological markers, genetic testing, and infectious disease screens
MANAGEMENT OF VAULT PROLAPSE BY DR SHASHWAT JANIDR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses the management of vault prolapse, which is the descent of the vaginal cuff after a hysterectomy. It defines vault prolapse and lists risk factors. Conservative management includes pessaries but surgery is often needed. Surgical options include vaginal approaches like sacrospinous ligament fixation or abdominal approaches like sacral colpopexy. The document compares techniques and factors to consider in surgical planning like prolapse severity and patient factors. Prevention techniques like culdoplasty at time of hysterectomy are also discussed.
This document discusses diagnosis and management of clinical chorioamnionitis. It defines chorioamnionitis as an acute inflammation of the fetal membranes and placenta typically caused by ascending bacterial infection through the birth canal. Clinical signs include maternal fever, uterine tenderness, and maternal or fetal tachycardia. Diagnosis is based on these clinical signs along with risk factors like preterm premature rupture of membranes. Laboratory tests of amniotic fluid or maternal blood can also provide evidence for diagnosis but have limitations. The most common causative organisms are genital mycoplasmas like Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis.
Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcome of Preterm Laboriosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Luteal Phase Defect Contributors Dr.Shweta Mittal Gupta & DGF Team Experts Lifecare Centre
This document discusses luteal phase defect (LPD), including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points:
- LPD is defined as a luteal phase that is not capable of implantation or maintaining pregnancy, and can be caused by issues with folliculogenesis, the LH surge, or progesterone production/response.
- It affects 4.4% of fertile populations and 3.5-13% of infertile patients, and as high as 32-35% of recurrent miscarriage cases.
- Diagnosis involves timed endometrial biopsies or progesterone level testing, though single tests have limitations. Treatment involves addressing underlying causes like hyperprolactinemia and
Toxemia of pregnancy: Definition,risk factors,Clinical features,management of pre-eclampsia. Nursing students will understand toxemia of pregnancy .Jasleen Kaur
This document discusses chorioamnionitis (intra-amniotic infection), including its pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, and evaluation. Chorioamnionitis occurs when pathogens ascend from the vagina and infect the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes. It complicates 40-70% of preterm births and 1-4% of term births. Diagnosis is based on maternal fever and may include leukocytosis, fetal tachycardia, and uterine tenderness. Evaluation of amniotic fluid can confirm infection through culture, Gram stain, or glucose/white blood cell counts. Histologic examination after birth also helps diagnosis.
1. Bleeding in early pregnancy can be caused by miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or rare conditions like cervical cancer or polyps.
2. Miscarriage is the most common cause, and it is defined as the natural or spontaneous end of a pregnancy before 24 weeks. Early pregnancy assessment using transvaginal ultrasound and serum hCG levels can help diagnose the cause.
3. Ectopic pregnancies, which occur when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, should also be considered and ruled out as they can be life-threatening if ruptured. Transvaginal ultrasound and serial hCG measurements are used to diagnose ectopic pregnancies.
Reduced fetal movements (RFM) can be an early sign of fetal compromise and increased risk of stillbirth. While many women experience transient RFM, sustained or late-onset RFM requires evaluation. The document discusses the definition, prevalence, and physiology of normal fetal movements. It also outlines the evaluation of a woman presenting with RFM, which may include history, examination, non-stress test, biophysical profile, ultrasound, and Doppler studies to assess fetal well-being and risk factors for adverse outcomes like growth restriction. Management depends on gestational age and test results, but aims to rule out fetal demise and identify underlying causes or complications. Formal fetal movement counting has risks and limited predictive value compared to qualitative maternal perception.
Menstrual irregularities are the problems with a girl's normal monthly menses. For example, missed periods, have them too frequently, having painful periods, or have excessively heavy flow. Menstrual irregularities can sometimes be a sign of an underlying health problem.
Management of non tubal ectopic pregnancyNuru Mohammed
This document discusses the management of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies. It begins by defining ectopic pregnancies and providing brief history. It then discusses the various types of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies including interstitial, abdominal, ovarian, cervical, heterotopic, and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies. For each type, it covers etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. Conservative and surgical management approaches are described. The document provides a comprehensive overview of rare forms of ectopic pregnancy.
Fetal distress is defined as a state of hypoxia and acidosis during pregnancy caused by depletion of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide in the fetus. It can be caused by maternal factors like preeclampsia, anemia, bleeding, or infection, as well as placental or umbilical cord issues that obstruct blood flow. This leads to respiratory acidosis in the fetus and changes in fetal heart rate. Chronic fetal distress can cause intrauterine growth retardation. Clinical manifestations include meconium staining, abnormal fetal heart rate and movement patterns, and acidosis shown on fetal blood samples. Management involves addressing the cause, correcting acidosis, and potentially terminating the pregnancy through forceps delivery or c-section depending on severity of
This document provides an overview of a slide presentation introducing the World Health Organization's (WHO) Labour Care Guide. The Labour Care Guide is a new partograph designed to improve labor monitoring and care based on WHO's 2018 intrapartum care recommendations. It aims to promote individualized, woman-centered care and prevent unnecessary interventions during labor by establishing thresholds to identify complications. The guide contains 7 sections to document a woman's care throughout labor and encourage shared decision-making between providers and women.
The normal FHR range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute (bpm). The baseline rate is interpreted as changed if the alteration persists for more than 15 minutes. Prematurity, maternal anxiety and maternal fever may increase the baseline rate, while fetal maturity decreases the baseline rate.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. It can be life-threatening because it may cause internal bleeding. The document discusses the definition, incidence, risk factors, types (acute, unruptured, chronic), clinical presentation, investigations, and management approaches for ectopic pregnancies, including expectant, medical, and surgical options depending on the individual case. The goal of treatment is to preserve fertility when possible through conservative approaches like salpingostomy or systemic methotrexate administration.
This document discusses thyroid disorders in pregnancy. It notes that hypothyroidism affects 0.05% of pregnant women while hyperthyroidism, mainly Graves' disease, affects 0.05-0.2%. Postpartum thyroiditis occurs in 5-10% of women. The thyroid gland normally enlarges in pregnancy due to increased vascularity. HCG and estrogen levels rise, decreasing TSH and free T4 levels. Treatment aims to maintain euthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is treated mainly with antithyroid drugs like PTU or carbimazole. Hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine. Postpartum thyroiditis can cause transient hyperthyroidism or hyp
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no menstrual periods by age 16. Investigations into primary amenorrhea depend on whether secondary sex characteristics are present or absent. Causes can be physiological, pathological, anatomical, endocrinological, or chromosomal. Common causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chromosomal abnormalities like Turner's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, or müllerian agenesis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy, vaginal dilation, vaginoplasty, or gonadectomy.
This document provides information on bleeding in early pregnancy. It defines early pregnancy bleeding as any vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks of gestation. Causes of bleeding include abortion, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, and cervical lesions. Abortion is described as the termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks or 500g birth weight, and can be spontaneous, threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed, or septic. Ectopic pregnancy is implantation outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. Molar pregnancy refers to hydatidiform mole, which is an abnormal proliferation of placental tissue. The document discusses symptoms, signs, management, and complications of various causes of early pregnancy bleeding.
Habitual abortion is defined as three or more successive spontaneous pregnancy losses. The incidence is 10% for a first pregnancy, 20% for once, 26% for twice, and 32% for three times. The etiology of habitual abortion is 50% idiopathic. Local causes account for 30% of second trimester abortions and include issues like a patulous internal os. General causes include endocrine issues like diabetes, immunological issues like antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, thrombophilias, and infectious agents. Fetal causes can be due to genetic issues like translocations. Investigations include ultrasounds, hysteroscopy, hormone tests, immunological markers, genetic testing, and infectious disease screens
MANAGEMENT OF VAULT PROLAPSE BY DR SHASHWAT JANIDR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses the management of vault prolapse, which is the descent of the vaginal cuff after a hysterectomy. It defines vault prolapse and lists risk factors. Conservative management includes pessaries but surgery is often needed. Surgical options include vaginal approaches like sacrospinous ligament fixation or abdominal approaches like sacral colpopexy. The document compares techniques and factors to consider in surgical planning like prolapse severity and patient factors. Prevention techniques like culdoplasty at time of hysterectomy are also discussed.
This document discusses diagnosis and management of clinical chorioamnionitis. It defines chorioamnionitis as an acute inflammation of the fetal membranes and placenta typically caused by ascending bacterial infection through the birth canal. Clinical signs include maternal fever, uterine tenderness, and maternal or fetal tachycardia. Diagnosis is based on these clinical signs along with risk factors like preterm premature rupture of membranes. Laboratory tests of amniotic fluid or maternal blood can also provide evidence for diagnosis but have limitations. The most common causative organisms are genital mycoplasmas like Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis.
Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcome of Preterm Laboriosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
This document discusses the intrapartum management of intraamniotic infection, also known as chorioamnionitis. It defines intraamniotic infection as an infection that causes inflammation of the amniotic fluid, placenta, fetus, fetal membranes, or decidua. The document recommends administering intrapartum antibiotics whenever intraamniotic infection is suspected or confirmed based on maternal fever or other risk factors. It also recommends communication with neonatal care providers but notes that intraamniotic infection alone is rarely an indication for cesarean delivery.
This document discusses infections in neonatal infants, including the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentations, and common infections. It notes that as many as 2% of fetuses are infected in utero and up to 10% of infants have infections in their first month of life. Infections can be transmitted from mother to fetus or newborn in various ways. Clinical manifestations vary from subclinical to severe systemic infection and depend on factors like timing of exposure and immune status. Common infections discussed include chorioamnionitis, late-onset infections acquired after birth like Group B Strep, and other agents that can infect newborns in utero, during delivery, or postpartum.
This document discusses the management of intrauterine fetal death. It begins by defining intrauterine fetal death and reviewing incidence rates. It then explores potential causes of intrauterine death including chromosomal abnormalities, fetal anomalies, infections, maternal diabetes, and other maternal factors. The document discusses diagnosing intrauterine death and outlines appropriate management approaches, including preventing Rh sensitization, inducing labor safely, and considering vaginal delivery when possible for patient recovery. Key goals in managing these cases are prioritizing maternal safety, providing options and support to grieving parents, and conducting a thorough investigation to understand the cause of death when possible.
Maternal infections can negatively impact both mother and baby's health. Common infections include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and group B streptococcus. Infections may cause issues like preterm birth, low birthweight, stillbirth, or congenital diseases in the baby. Screening and treatment programs aim to identify infections early to provide appropriate care and reduce risks. Prevention through education and behavior modification can also lower infection rates.
Neonatal infections, especially sepsis, continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Sepsis is caused by microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues. There are two patterns of neonatal bacterial infection - early-onset within 24-48 hours of birth often caused by maternal vaginal flora, and late-onset after 2 weeks of age which may be acquired from the birth canal or external environment. Risk factors include preterm birth, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal fever or infection. Signs of sepsis include respiratory distress, temperature instability, feeding intolerance and jaundice. Treatment involves administering IV antibiotics and supportive care while monitoring for improvement.
The document discusses abortion, including definitions of different types such as spontaneous, recurrent, and induced abortion. It summarizes factors that can cause early spontaneous abortion, including fetal factors like chromosomal abnormalities, maternal factors like infections, medical conditions, nutrition, and environmental/occupational exposures. It also describes clinical classifications of spontaneous abortion like threatened, inevitable, incomplete, and complete abortion. Symptoms and signs of different types of early pregnancy loss are provided.
This document summarizes a study on bacterial contamination found in powdered infant formula. The key points are:
- Testing found that over 50% of powdered formula samples from 35 countries were contaminated with Enterobacteria bacteria.
- Several outbreaks of illness in neonatal intensive care units were linked to formula contaminated with Salmonella or Enterobacter sakazakii bacteria before the formula was opened.
- In response, some formula brands recalled batches and health authorities issued safety warnings, but more needs to be done to inform consumers directly of the risks and encourage stricter manufacturing practices.
Mercer Clin Perinatol 2004, Rpm Diagnosis And ManagementEliana Cordero
1) Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) complicates approximately 8% of pregnancies and is responsible for about one third of preterm births.
2) The diagnosis of PROM is usually made clinically based on history, physical exam, and adjunctive tests showing fluid leakage. Management depends on gestational age and factors necessitating delivery.
3) For previable PROM (before 23 weeks), expeditious delivery is usually recommended given the high risks of maternal complications and fetal/neonatal death. Conservative management may be considered with strict monitoring and bed rest.
Prediccion y prevencion del parto preterminorubenhuaraz
This document discusses screening and prevention of preterm birth, which is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in the US. It describes various risk factors for preterm birth such as a prior preterm birth, short cervical length on ultrasound, vaginal bleeding, infections, and behavioral factors like smoking. Transvaginal ultrasound is an effective way to screen for short cervical length, which is a strong predictor of preterm birth risk. The document reviews evidence for different proposed screening and treatment methods, noting that while some risk factors are associated with preterm birth, treatments have not been shown to consistently and definitively reduce that risk.
A Clinical Study on Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Multiple Pregnancies in Wom...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
During pregnancy, women undergo certain hormonal and physiological changes that can affect their mouths.
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON PERIODONTAL TISSUES
PREGNANCY GINGIVITIS
EFFECT OF PERIODONTITIS ON PREGNANCY
PRETERM LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (PLBW) INFANTS
PREECLAMPSIA
12Toxoplasmosis and Effects on Abortion, And Fetal A.docxrobert345678
12
Toxoplasmosis and Effects on Abortion, And Fetal Abnormalities
Toxoplasmosis and Effects on Abortion, And Fetal Abnormalities
Abstract
The placenta is an immune-privileged organ that may tolerate antigen exposure without eliciting a strong inflammatory response that could result in an abortion. After that, the pregnancy can progress normally. Th1 answers, characterized by interferon-, are essential for suppressing intracellular infections. Therefore, the maternal immune system finds a catch-22 when intracellular parasites invade the placenta. The pro-inflammatory response required to eradicate the virus carries the danger of causing an abortion. Toxoplasma is a potent parasite that causes lifetime infections and is a leading cause of abortions in people and animals. This paper speculates that the pregnancy outcome may be affected by the Toxoplasma strain and the effectors of the parasite, both of which can modify the signaling pathways of the host cell.
Introduction
Fetuses infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can develop a disorder known as toxoplasmosis, sometimes called congenital toxoplasmosis. This disease is transmitted from mother to child in the womb. A miscarriage or a stillbirth might happen as a result. A child with this illness may also have significant and progressively deteriorating difficulties in their vision, hearing, motor skills, cognitive ability, and other areas of development. The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is blamed for many pregnancies ending in miscarriage (Arranz-Solís et al., 2021). Most abortions happen in the first trimester of pregnancy or during the early stages of acute sickness. This research aimed to determine if women who had an abortion were more likely to be infected with toxoplasmosis.
To make matters worse, the toxoplasmosis-causing Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects nearly every animal species with a thermoregulatory system. Transferring Toxoplasma from one host to another requires the development of tissue cysts that are infectious when ingested. This means the parasite is incentivized to ensure that the host organism lives during the infection. The parasite does this by stimulating an immune response powerful enough to limit parasite reproduction. Toxoplasma, on the other hand, uses a unique set of effectors to evade the immune response and ensure that the parasite population does not decrease to zero.
Results
Type II strains are the most common cause of infection in both animal and human hosts. However, all four clonal lineages of Toxoplasma may be found throughout Europe and North America. It has been established, however, that the bulk of the South American isolates identified is genetically distinct from the strains seen in North America and Europe. Certain sorts of isolates have been labeled as atypical strains. Birth abnormalities apart, type II strains are the most common in Europe and North America, where the great majority of .
The document discusses recurrent miscarriage, including its definition, causes, evaluation, and treatment. It defines recurrent miscarriage as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses and outlines various potential causes including antiphospholipid syndrome, genetic factors, anatomical abnormalities, endocrine issues, and inherited thrombophilias. For evaluation, it recommends testing for antiphospholipid antibodies, karyotyping, ultrasound or other imaging to check for anatomical factors, and checking certain hormones and inherited blood clotting disorders. For treatment of recurrent miscarriage due to antiphospholipid syndrome, it suggests low-dose aspirin plus heparin.
The document discusses recurrent miscarriage, including its definition, causes, evaluation, and treatment. It defines recurrent miscarriage as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses and outlines various potential causes including antiphospholipid syndrome, genetic factors, anatomical abnormalities, endocrine issues, and inherited thrombophilias. For evaluation, it recommends testing for antiphospholipid antibodies, karyotyping, ultrasound or other imaging to check for anatomical abnormalities, and checking for inherited thrombophilias. For treatment of recurrent miscarriage due to antiphospholipid syndrome, it recommends low-dose aspirin plus heparin.
Maternal sepsis is relatively common and usually results from infections originating from the genitourinary tract during labor and delivery or from other common infections exacerbated by pregnancy physiology. These infections have the potential to progress to severe sepsis and septic shock if not promptly recognized and properly managed. The most common causes of maternal sepsis discussed are pyelonephritis, chorioamnionitis, and septic abortion. Labor and delivery units should focus on developing procedures to quickly identify and treat pregnant women experiencing sepsis in order to prevent progression to severe sepsis or septic shock and minimize maternal morbidity and mortality.
Trichomoniasis in the women is usually asymptotic however the disease might be manifested as vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: A case-control hospital based study conducted at Kassala Hospitals, eastern Sudan during the period from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2015 to investigate the prevalence rate of Trichomoniasis during pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcome. Results: During the study period there were 199 infected women with T vaginalis among 2374 deliveries yielding a prevalence rate of 8.3%. The vast majority (140/199, 70.4%) was asymptomatic while the rest presented with vaginal discharge (33/199, 16.6%), itching (16/199, 8%) and dysuria (10/199, 5%). With regard to membranes status and neonatal outcome higher proportion of infected women presented with premature ruptured membranes (30, 15.1% Vs 6, 3%; P = 0.000) and gave preterm birth (31, 15.6% Vs 7, 3.5%; P= 0.000). Using logistic regression analysis the study showed significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth (CI= 1.1 � 13.6, OR= 3.9, P= 0.030) and premature rupture of the amniotic sac before 4 centimeter dilatation (CI= 1.0 3.2, OR= 1.8, P= 0.025). Conclusion: Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent among parturient women in eastern Sudan, and there is significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth and premature ruptured membranes.
This document provides guidelines for managing premature rupture of membranes (PROM) based on current research evidence and expert consensus. It summarizes that:
- PROM complicates 3% of pregnancies in the US and increases risks of infection, fetal complications, and preterm birth.
- For term PROM (>37 weeks), induction of labor is recommended over expectant management to reduce infection risks and speed delivery.
- For preterm PROM, expectant management may be considered depending on gestational age, fetal status, and infection risk, but delivery is recommended if complications arise.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.