The document discusses the use of auxiliary verbs or modal verbs in various grammatical contexts in English, including in short answers, to avoid repeating main verbs, with "so" and "neither" to indicate the same thing, in echo questions to show interest, in question tags to ask for confirmation or check if something is true. It provides examples for how auxiliary/modal verbs are used in these different contexts.

1. AUXILIARIES
NEF UI Unit 1B

2. Do you speak French? Yes, I do. Quite well.
Can you speak French? Yes, I can. Quite well.
Use AUXILIARY VERBS or MODAL VERBS
In short answers, instead of just “yes” or “no”

3. My husband likes dogs but I don’t.
(like dogs)
Use AUXILIARY VERBS or MODAL VERBS
To avoid repeating the main verb/verb phrase
Jame’s coming but Anna isn’t.
(coming)

4. I loved the film – so did I
Use AUXILIARY VERBS or MODAL VERBS
With so and neither to say that something is the same
(me too, me neither)
I haven’t finished yet – neither have I

5. I went to a psychic yesterday – Oh, did you?
Use AUXILIARY VERBS or MODAL VERBS
To make “echo questions” – to show interest
I’ ll make the dinner – Oh, will you? That’s greatI

6. You didn’t lock the door last night.
I did lock it. I promise
Use AUXILIARY VERBS or MODAL VERBS
To make “echo questions” – to show interest.
Add do/does/did before main verbs.
The auxiliary/modal is always stressed
Maria isn’t coming to the party.
She is coming. I’ve just spoken to her

7. Your wife can speak Italian, can’t she?
Use AUXILIARY VERBS or MODAL VERBS
To make question tags
You won’t forget, will you?
Positive question tags with negative verbs
Negative question tags with positive verbs
It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?
You forgot to lock the door, didn’t you?
You haven’t seen the doctor yet, have you?

8. Use AUXILIARY VERBS or MODAL VERBS
To make question tags
Positive question tags with negative verbs
Negative question tags with positive verbs
Asking for confirmation – falling intonation
To check if it’s true/surprise – rising intonation