Early Technology and Society, Classification and Management of Technology

1. #TS #COT #MOT
Presented by: Roland R. Fajardo, MAN, MIM

2. Agenda
• Technology and Society
• Classification of Technology
• Management of Technology

3. TECHNOLOGY
It was first used to describe applied arts, now used to
described advancements and changes.
GREEK WORDS

4. Technology and Society
• Technology has a profound effect on human
development and on the progress of civilization.
• Technology can refer to as the totality of the means
employed to provide objects necessary for human
sustenance and comfort.

5. Earliest Technology

6. Wheel and Car Timeline

7. Telephone Timeline

8. Technology Timeline

9. Technology defined
Technology
Services
Knowledge Products Processes
Tools Methods Systems

10. Technology is the practical implementation
of knowledge, a means of supporting
human endeavor.

11. Knowledge and Technology
• The world emerged from the industrial age, where
machines replaced human and animal muscle, into
information age, where machines are replacing the
human brain.
• Exponential increase in knowledge accelerates
technological change exponentially.

13. Classification of Technology
1. New Technology – newly introduced that has an
explicit impact on the company in terms of
producing products and services.

14. Classification of Technology
2. Emerging Technology - not yet fully commercialized but
will become within coming years. Currently limited use
but is expected to evolve significantly.
3D metal genetic engineering nanotechnology artificial embryos
printer

15. Classification of Technology
3. High Technology – (high tech) advanced or sophisticated
technologies.
Larsen & Rogers, 1998; Mohrman &Von Ginlow, 1990
a. Employs highly educated people (scientist and engineers)
b. Technology is changing at a faster rate
c. Competes with technological innovation
d. High level of Research & Development expenditures
e. Potential to use technology for rapid growth & its survival is
threatened by the emergence of competing technology.

16. Classification of Technology
Based from the online article Techworld (Magee, March 2018), China
has nine amazing example of high-tech innovation.
1. Super solar expressway that charges electric vehicles as they drive
2. Floating solar power plant
3. Shenzhen East Waste-to-Energy Plant
4. Transit Elevated Bus
5. Quantum Science Satellite
6. Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST)
7. 3D-printed houses
8. Tianhe-2
9. Customized server chips with Qualcomm

17. Super solar express way
• Source: Ejinsight on the pulse, March 1,
2018.
• Called Hangzhou-Shaoxing-Ningbo
Expressway, is expected to be completed
before the 2022 Asian Games to be held
in Hanzhou.
• Six-lane expressway, 161 km in length
• Connect Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Ningbo
cities
• Provide facilities to prompt the use of
electric cars, including solar powered
plug-in charging stations.

18. Floating solar power plant
• The world's largest floating solar
power plant was completed and
connected to the local power grid
in China's Anhui province in May
2015.
• This 40-megawatt solar facility is
built on top of a flooded coal
mining region.

19. Shenzhen East Waste-to-Energy Plant
• Industrial hub of Shenzhen,
Danish firm Schmidt Hammer
Lassen Architects has proposed
the planet’s biggest waste to
energy plant, designed to
transform 5,000 tonnes of waste
every day into power.
• The plant is due to open in
2020, and it will be almost a
mile wide.

20. Classification of Technology
4. Low Technology – permeated large segments of
human society.
Characteristics:
a. Relatively low levels of education or skill
b. Use manual or semiautomatic operations
c. Low levels of research expenditure
d. Technology base used is stable with little change

21. Classification of Technology
5. Medium Technology – comprises a wide set of
technologies that fall between high and low
technologies.
Example: Consumer products and the Automotive
Industry

22. Classification of Technology
6. Appropriate Technology – used to indicate a good
match between the technology utilized and the
resources required for its optional use.
Bike Water Pumps The Hipo Water Roller Life Straw

23. Classification of Technology
7. Codified versus Tacit Technology
Tacit Technology - non-articulated knowledge
transferred by demonstration or observation.
Codified Technology – allows people to know how
technology works but not necessarily why its works in a
certain way.

24. Management of Technology
• An interdisciplinary field.
– Science
– Engineering
– Management of
Knowledge and Practice
• Focus on technology as
primary factor on wealth
creation.
MOT
Natural
Science
Social
Science
Industrial
Practice
Business
Theory
Engineering

25. Wealth
Wealth
Enhancement
of Knowledge
Intellectual
Capital
Effective
Exploitation of
Resources
Preservation
of Natural
Environment
Raising
standard of
living &
Quality of life

26. MOT
• Managing technology implies managing the system
that enable the creation, acquisition and exploitation
of technology.
• It involves assuming responsibility for creating,
acquiring and spinning out technology to aid human
endeavors and satisfy customer’s needs.

28. MOT premise, technology
is the most influential
factor in a wealth-creation
system.

29. MOT at the Firm Level
• National Research Council Report (1987)
“ MOT as an interdisciplinary field concerned with the
planning, development and implementation of
technological capabilities to shape and accomplish the
operational and strategic objectives of an organization.”

30. MOT at the Firm Level
• Focus on interdisciplinary field (science, engineering and
business administration).
• Impacts to R&D, Design, production, Marketing, finance,
personnel and information.
• Domain involves both operational and strategic interest
of the organization.
• Efforts to improve productivity, increase effectiveness,
and strengthen the competitive position of the
enterprise.

31. MOT at the National/Government level
“MOT as a field of knowledge and concerned with the
setting and implementation of policies to deal with
technological development and utilization, and the
impact of technology on society, organization,
individual and nature. It aims to stimulate innovation,
create economic growth and to foster responsible use
of technology for the benefit of human being (Khalil,
1993)”

32. National/Government level
• Focus more on the role of the public policy as it
applies to the advancement of Science and
Technology
• Overall impact on society, particularly its role in
developing sustainable economic growth.
• Effect of technological change to people, type
education and training they need.
• Effect health and safety both people and
environment.

33. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MOT

34. The roles of MOT
MOT field helps nation and firms to answer the following
question:
• How it can be exploited to create business opportunities.
• How to integrate strategy with business strategy.
• How to use technology to gain competitive advantage
• How technology improve the flexibility of manufacturing
and service systems.
• How to structure organization that embraces
technological change
• When to enter or abandon technology

35. Summary
• Technology is clearly one of the dominant features of
modern world.
• Whether one supports or condemns, there is total
consensus that managing technology effectively is
critically important to the success and survival of
individual companies and to national economic well-
being and growth.

37. • Management of Technology by Taret Khalil
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_technology
• https://www.click.in/hyderabad/free-workshop-on-emerging-
technologies-at-lasya-infotech-c72-v27461838#vp4
• https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2018/
• https://www.techworld.com/picture-gallery/data/examples-of-high-tech-
innovation-in-china-3641347/
• http://www.ejinsight.com/20180301-chinas-first-solar-powered-super-
expressway-to-open-by-2022/