This document discusses the development of mind reading computer technology. It begins with an introduction to mind reading and how computer techniques can be used to gather and analyze facial expression and other biological data to infer mental states. It then discusses how existing mind reading systems work using cameras and sensors to track facial features and infer emotions and intentions. Applications are discussed such as using mind reading to enhance human-computer interaction and monitoring drivers for drowsiness or distraction. Both advantages such as helping disabled individuals and disadvantages around privacy are mentioned.

1. MIND READING COMPUTER
Presented By,
Ranjeet kumar
MCA-2nd year

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is Mind Reading?
 Why Mind Reading?
 How does it Work?
 Application
 Advantages and uses
 Disadvantages and Problems
 Conclusion
 Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
 People express their mental states, including
emotions, thoughts and desires, all the time through
facial expressions, vocal nuances and gestures. This
is true when they are interacting with machines
 Mind reading machine is co-ordination of human
psychology and computer techniques.
 Some equipment are used to gather data & then
analyzed. To use those data for further prediction of
mind is known as theory of mind reading.

4.  The ability to attribute mental states to others from
their behavior and to use that knowledge to guide
our own actions and predict those of others is known
as theory of mind or Mind Reading.
 Existing human-computer interfaces are mind-
blind, oblivious to the user’s mental states and
intentions.
 Even they do not take the initiative, like the now
retired Microsoft Paperclip, they are often
misguided and irrelevant and simply frustrate the
user.

5. WHAT IS MIND READING? WHAT
IS MINREADING?
 Drawing inspiration from psychology, computer vision and
machine learning has developed mind reading machine
computers.
 Using a digital video camera, the mindreading computer
system analyzes a person’s facial expressions in real time and
infers that person’s underlying mental state.
 Prior knowledge of how particular mental states are expressed
in the face is combined with analysis of facial expressions and
head gestures occurring in real-time , its very use full for
future.

6.  Software from Nevenvision identifies 24 feature
points on the face and tracks them in real time.
 The relationship between observable head and
facial displays and the corresponding hidden
mental states over time is modeled using Dynamic
Bayesian Networks.

7. WHY MIND READING?
 The Mind Reading computer system presents
information about mental state as easily as a
keyboard and mouse present text and
commands.
 Current projects in Cambridge are
considering further inputs such as body
postures and gestures to improve the inference.
 We are also looking at the use of mind reading
to support on-line shopping and learning
systems.

8.  The mind reading computer system may also be
used to monitor and suggest improvements in
human –human interaction.
 The Affective Computing Group at the MIT
media laboratory is developing an emotional-
social intelligence prosthesis that explores new
technologies to augment and improve people’s
social interactions and communication skills.
 To implement this system in cars, to detect
driver’s mental states such as drowsiness,
distraction and anger.

10. HOW DOES IT WORKS?
Futuristic Head Band:
 The mind reading actually involves measuring
the volume and oxygen level of the blood
around the subject’s brain using technology
called functional near-infrared spectroscopy
(fNIRS).
 The user wears a futuristic head band that
sends light in that spectrum into the tissues of
the head where it is absorbed by active, blood
filled tissues.

11. Futuristic Headband

12. Process:

13.  The results are often compared to an MRI,
but can be gathered with lightweight, non-
invasive equipment.
 Wearing the fNIRS sensor, experimental
subjects were asked to count the number of
squares on a rotating onscreen cube and to
perform other tasks.
 Measuring mental workload, frustration
and distraction is typically limited to
qualitatively observing computer users.

14.  Preliminary results show that using
buttonized sensors.
 Biological signals arise when reading or
speaking to oneself with or without actual
lip or facial movement.

15. Web search:
 For the first test of sensors,
scientists trained the program to
recognize six words-including
”go", "left” and “right” -10
numbers.
 Then researchers put the letters of
the alphabet in to a matrix with
each column and row labeled with a
single digit number.
 These were used to silently spell
”NASA” into a web search engine
using program.
 “This proved we could browse the
web without touching a keyboard”.

16. 1.Neuroscience
 It deals with anatomy and molecular biology of
neurons.
 A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building
block of the nervous system. Neurons are
specialized to transmit information throughout
the body.
 It is done by measuring oxygen level of blood
using FNIRS.

17. 2. Techniques:
Facial effect detection
It is done using hidden Markov Model, Neural Network
processing or active appearance model.
Emotional Classification
Classification by Paul Ekman Anger, Fear, Happiness,
Disgust, Sadness, Surprise.

18.  Facial Electromyography:
It is used to measure electrical activity of the
facial Muscles. Muscles used are ”corruguator
supercilii muscle” and others.
 Galvanic Skin Response:
It is a measure of Skin conductivity, Which is
dependent on how moist the skin is.

19. Blood Volume Pulse:
 It is measured by process called
photoplethysmography.
 It produce a graph indicating blood flow
through the extremities.

20. APPLICATION:
1) Mind-reading computers could 'save your life‘
2) Emergency
3) Control robots by brain power
4) Mind-Reading Technology Speeds Ahead
5) The mind-reading computer that could
communicate with coma patients

21. Mind-reading computers could 'save your
life‘
 Devices allowing people to write letters or play
pinball using just the power of their brains have
become a major draw at the world's biggest high-
tech fair.
 Scientists are researching ways to monitor motorists'
brain waves to improve reaction times in a crash.

22. Emergency
 In an emergency stop situation, the brain activity
kicks in on average around 200 milliseconds
before even an alert driver can hit the brake.
 There is no question of braking automatically for
a driver - "we would never take away that kind
of control," said Tangermann.
 Using this brain-wave monitoring technology, a
car can also tell whether the driver is drowsy or
not, potentially warning him or her to take a
break.

23. Control robots by brain power:
 Another device allows users to control robots by
brain power. The small box has lights flashing at
different frequencies at the four points of the
compass.
 The user concentrates on the corresponding light,
depending on whether he wants the robot to
move up, down, left or right and the brainwaves
generated by viewing that frequency are
monitored and the robot is controlled.

24. Mind-Reading Technology Speeds Ahead
 By scanning blogs of brain activity, scientists may be
able to decode people's thoughts, dreams and
intentions By Kerri Smith and Nature magazine
 Jack Gallant perches on the edge of a swivel chair in
his lab at the University of California, Berkeley,
fixated on the screen of a computer that is trying to
decode someone's thoughts.

25. The mind-reading computer that could
communicate with coma patients:
 Canadian researchers have developing a mind-
reading computer that could help communicate
with people in a coma.
 The University of Western Ontario researchers
used neuroimaging to read human thoughts via
brain activity when they are conveying specific
‘yes’ or ‘no’ answers.
 The team say their research could lead to
dramatic new ways of attempting to
communicate with patients in a vegetative state.

26. ADVANTAGES AND USES:
 Can read minds
 Help paralytic patients
 Help Handicapped people
 Help Comma patients
 Help people who cant speak
 Can be used for military purposes & sting operations
 Can be combined with consoles & used for mind
gaming, robotics & stuff.
 Eliminate the capability to lie.

27.  his device doesn't give you MINDBULLETS (apologies to
Tenacious D) but it does allow people who cant use other
wheelchairs get around easier.
 The system could send commands to rovers on other planets,
help injured astronauts control machines, or aid disabled
people.
 The finding raises issues about the application of such tools
for screeningsuspectedterrorists as well as for predicting future
dangerousness more generally.
 The day when computers will be able to recognize the
smallest units in the English language—the 40-odd basic
sounds (or phonemes) out of which all words or verbalized
thoughts can be constructed.

28. DISADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS:
a) Breach in privacy
b) Can extract, through an individual, an
important, secure & confidential information of
individual, state or even a country
c) If developed or used by sinners, can be highly
dangerous
d) Eavesdropping
e) No way to neutralize this technology

29.  Nor is society deal with the ethical and practical
problems posed by a system that classifies and
categorises people based on oxygen flow, genetics and
environmental factors that are correlated as much as
poverty as with future criminality.
 In time, neuroscience may produce reliable
behaviour predictions. But until then, we should take
the lessons of science fiction to heart when deciding
how to use new predictive techniques.
 Max Planck Institute, neuroscience and bioscience
are not at a point where we can reliably predict
human behaviour.

30. CONCLUSION:
 Tufts university researches have begun a 3 year
research project which, if successful, will allow
computers to respond to the brain activity of the
computer’s users.
 Users wear a futuristic looking headbands to shine
light on their foreheads and then performs a series
of increasingly difficult tasks while the device
reads what parts of the brain are absorbing the
light. That info is then transferred to the computer
and from there the computer can adjust it’s
interface and functions to each individual.

31. REFERENCES:
 www.eurescom.de/message/default_Dec2004.asp
 blog.marcelotoledo.org/2007/10
 www.newscientist.com/article/dn4795-nasa-develops-
mindreading-system
 http://blogs.vnunet.com/app/trackback/95409
 Facestation tracking cti, 2002.
 S. Baron-Cohen. How to build a baby that can read
minds: Cognitive mechanisms in mindreading. Current
Psychology of Cognition, 13(5):513–552, 1994.
 S. Baron-Cohen and T. H. E. Tead. Mind reading: The
interactive guide to emotion, 2003.

32.  S. Baron-Cohen, S. Wheelwright, J. Hill, Y. Raste, and I.
Plumb. The reading the mind in the eyes test revised
version: A study with normal adults, and adults with
asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of
Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2):241– 251, 2001.
 M. Bartlett, G. Littlewort, B. Braathen, and T. Sejnowski. A
prototype for automatic recognition of spontaneous facial
actions. In Advances in Neural Information Processing
Systems, volume 15, 2003.
 I. Cohen, N. Sebe F. Cozman, M. Cirelo, and T. Huang.
Learning bayesian network classifiers for facial expression
recognition with both labeled and unlabeled data. In
Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition, volume 1, pages 595–604,
2003.