2. Liniments
Liniments are solutions or mixtures of various substances in
oil, alcoholic solutions of soap, or emulsions and may
contain suitable antimicrobial preservatives.
These preparations that may be liquid or semi-liquid are
intended for external application and should be so labeled.
They are rubbed onto the affected area; because of this,
they were once called embrocation. They are applied with
friction and rubbing of the skin, the oil or soap base
providing for ease of application and massage.
3. General uses of Liniments
Antipruritic - used to relieve itching
Astringents - causes biological tissue to contract
Emollients - products that soften skin or treat dry skin
Analgesics
Rubefacient-Substance that causes redness (Rubar)
Counterirritant- an agent applied locally to produce
superficial inflammation with the object of reducing
inflammation in deeper adjacent structures.
4. Liniments
Only suitable for external use
That are emulsions or that contain insoluble matter must be
shaken thoroughly before use
5. How Liniments are prepared
The vehicle should be selected for the type of action
desired (rubefacient, counterirritant, massage) and also on
the solubility of the desired components in the various
solvents
Prepared in the same manner as solutions, emulsions, or
suspensions
6. There are two types of Liniments:
Alcoholic liniments
used generally for their
rubefacient,
counterirritant mildly
astringent, and
penetrating effects
penetrate the skin more
readily than do those with
an oil base.
Oleaginous liniments.
Milder in their action but
is more useful when
massage is required
less irritating to the skin,
depending on their
ingredients
may function solely as
protective coatings.
7. There are two types of Liniments:
Alcoholic liniments
used generally for their
rubefacient,
counterirritant mildly
astringent, and
penetrating effects
penetrate the skin more
readily than do those with
an oil base.
Oleaginous liniments.
Solvent may be a fixed oil
(almond oil, peanut oil,
sesame oil, cottonseed oil)
or volatile substance (
wintergreen oil,
turpentine) or a
combination of fixed and
volatile oil
8. Liniments:
Liniments should NOT be applied to skin that is
bruised/Broken because excessive irritation might occur.
This application should be marked for “external use only”
Dermatologist prescribe products of this type but only
those containing the rubefacients are advertised extensively
and used by consumers for treating minor muscular aches
and pains.
11. Formulation
Material Original formular catergory Uses
Oleic Acid 85mL
Turpentine Oil 250mL Corrective Counterirritant
Ammonia solution 45mL Alkalinizing agent provide alkaline
medium
Ammonium
Chloride
12.5g Active ingredient
Purified water 625ml Diluent Primary solvent
12. Procedure
1. Mix oleic Acid with turpentine oil
2. Dilute ammonia solution with 45ml of water, previously
warmed.
3. Add to the oily solution and shake to form emulsion
4. Dissolve Ammonium Chloride in water
5. Add the emulsion.
13. COMPOUND CALAMINE LINIMENT
USE:
= Soothing application used to treat the discomfort of
dermatitis and eczema.
APPEARANCE:
= Yellow suspension
Synonym: Compound Calamine liniment, Applicatio Calamine
Composita
14. EFFICASCENT OIL
USE:
= For Temporary relief of minor aches and pains of muscles
and joints associated with:
Simple Backache
Arthritis
Strains
Sprains
Counterirritant
APPEARANCE:
= green clear liquid
Synonym = methylsalicylate camphor