Manufacture of capsules and powders in hospital pharmacy

1. Anxiety disordersPresented by : P.Harsha Vardhan Reddy
MANUFACTURE OF CAPSULES AND POWDERS
PRESENTED BY:
K.KRISHNA VAMSI
( IV Pharm-D )
14AB1T0029
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF ::
Dr.G.Ramesh Pharm.D
SUBMITTED TO:
Mr.Satheesh.S.Gottipati B.Pharm., MS
(USA), R.Ph. CIP (USA)

2. CONTENTS
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3. DEFNITION
Capsules are the solid preparation of hard or soft shell or
container that contain mixed. Ingredients to make unit dose and
usually meant for oral administration. They are of two types, hard
and soft capsules.
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4. ADVANTAGES OF CAPSULES
• Capsules mask the taste and odour of unpleasant drugs .
• They are slippery .
• The shells are physiologically inert and easily and quickly
digested in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Economical .
• They are easy to handle and carry.
• The shells can be opacified (with titanium dioxide) or coloured, to
give protection from light.
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5. DISADVANTAGES OF CAPSULES
• The drugs having very large unit dose, can’t be dispensed as
HGC because of ingestion difficulty.
• Hygroscopic and deliquescent materials can’t be formulated.
• Highly soluble salts (iodides, bromides, chlorides) should not be
dispensed .
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6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Steps involved in making empty gelatin capsules
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7. CAPSULE FILLING MACHINE
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Fig No:1 Manual
capsule filling machine
Fig No:2 capsule filling
machine

8. MANUFACTURING OF HARD GELATIN
CAPSULES
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9. POWDERS
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10. DEFINITION
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Powders are intimate mixtures of dry, finely
divided drugs and/or chemicals that may be
intended for external or internal use.
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11. Advantages of powders:-
Used both internally and externally.
• Good chemical stability .
• Rapid onset of action.
• Easy to swallow even in large bulk.
• It is suitable for small children and elderly patients.
• Economical.
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12. Disadvantages of powders:-
• Not suitable for drugs unstable in atmospheric conditions.
• Not suitable for bitter, nauseating, deliquescent and hygroscopic
drugs.
• The dispensing of powder is a time consuming.
• Quantity less than 100mg or so, cannot be weighed conveniently
on dispensing balance.
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13. • Coarse division:-reduces lump drugs into fragment of different
sizes.
• Communication:-reduces the size, gives particle size smaller than
that coarse division.
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14. Operation Definition Devices uses
• cutting • Obtention of coarse
fragments (eg:-
vegetable drugs).
• Blades.
• Crushing • Division of coarse
fragments
• Motor and
pestles.
• Attrition • Breaking down a
substance by rubbing
two surfaces
together.
• Non- or stainless
steel worn.
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Methods and equipment:-
Coarse division:-
Table No : 1 coarse division of powders.
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15. Communication:-
Operation Laboratory scale
devices
Industrial scale
devices
• Attrition • Motor and pestles.
• Grinding stones.
• Cutter mills.
• Jaw crushing
device.
• Mills (vertical or
horizontal).
• Rolling • Roller mills • Roller mills.
• Attrition mills.
• Cutter mills.
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Table No :2 communication of powders
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16. REFERRENCE
• http://www.slideshare.net/gangotriyadav/capsules-
26354665
• Leon Lachman, Herbert A , Lieberman The Theory and
practice of Industrial Pharmacy; p.no 234-356.
• Khar, vyas, jain, ahmad .The theory and practice of
industrial pharmacy. 4 th edition p.no 487-508
• Asian journal of pharmaceutical research and
development
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