More Related Content Similar to Intercellular Junctions - Types and Location with MCQs (20) More from Raman Dhungel (14) Intercellular Junctions - Types and Location with MCQs 2. Objectives:
We shall be discussing:
about different types of intercellular junctions
about the location of these junctions
about the proteins and structural molecules
involved
about clinical abnormalities
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3. Contents:
Introduction to intercellular junctions
Classification
Functions
Proteins involved
Clinical significance
Summary & MCQs
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4. What are intercellular junctions?
points of contact between the plasma membranes of
adjacent cells.
consist of multi-protein complexes that provide
contact between neighboring cells or between a cell
and the extracellular matrix.
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5. Composition:
Typically consist of three components:
a transmembrane adhesive protein,
a cytoplasmic adapter protein,&
a cytoskeletal filament.
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6. Functions of intercellular junctions:
Cell junctions may :
- Form fluid-tight seal between cells.
- Anchor cells together or to extracellular materials.
- Allow ions/molecules to pass from cell to another cell
within a tissue.
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7. Classification:
1. Occluding Junctions (Zonula occludens)
2. Adhesive/Anchoring Junctions
a) Cell-to-cell
◦ i) Zonula adherens
◦ ii) Macula adherens (Desmosome)
b) Cell-matrix
◦ i) Focal adhesions
◦ ii) Hemidesmosome
3. Communicating (Gap) Junctions
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9. Occluding/Tight junctions
closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes
join together forming a virtually impermeable barrier to
fluid.
control the passage of material through the intercellular
spaces (e.g., from the interstitium to the lumen of a gland).
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11. Anchoring junctions(cell to cell)
-provide strength to the cell by mechanical attachment.
Two types on the lateral cell surface:
zonula adherens ,which interacts with the network of actin
filaments inside the cell; and
macula adherens or desmosome, which interacts with
intermediate filaments.
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12. Structure of
zonula adherens
Actin filaments of adjacent
cells are attached to the
E-cadherin–catenin
complex by -actinin and
vinculin.The E-cadherin–
catenin complex interacts
with identical molecules
embedded in the plasma
membrane of the adjacent
cell.
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13. Structure of
Desmosome
Intracellular attachment
plaque anchored with
intermediate filaments
are seen. The extracellular
portions of desmocollins
and desmogleins from
opposing cells interact
with each other in the
localized area of the
desmosome, forming the
cadherin “zipper.”
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14. Anchoring junctions (Cell to ECM)
Focal adhesions - anchor actin filaments of the cytoskeleton
into the basement membrane (e.g. between a leucocyte and a
vessel wall) &
Hemidesmosomes (hemi, Gk.- half) anchor intermediate
filaments of the cytoskeleton into the basement membrane.
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15. Focal Adhesion
On the cytoplasmic
side, the arrangement of
different actin-binding
proteins are seen. These
proteins interact with
transmembrane protein
integrin , the extracellular
domains of which bind to
proteins of the extracellular
matrix (e.g., fibronectin).
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16. Hemidesmosomes:
Hemidesmosomes look like half-
desmosomes that attach cells to
the underlying basement
membrane.
Rather than using desmogleins,
hemidesmosomes use
desmopenetrin cell adhesion
proteins,which are members of
Integrin family.
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17. Gap junctions:
clusters of intercellular channels that allow direct diffusion
of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells.
intercellular space narrows from 25 nm to 3 nm.
first discovered in myocardium and nerves between
adjacent cells because of their properties of electrical
transmission
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18. Structure of a gap
junction:
-gap junction between adjoining
cells showing the structural
components of the membrane
that form channels(connexons)
-formed by a circular array of
six subunits, dumbbell-shaped
transmembrane
proteins(connexins)
- connexons, have a central
opening of about 2 nm in
diameter.
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19. Clinical Significance:
Cell – cell and cell – matrix junctions have important
role in differentiation, development & function of
normal cells, tissues and organs.
However, function may be altered by genetic
abnormalities of junctional or cytoskeletal proteins, or
by autoimmune disease.
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20. Clinical Significance:
Mutation of gene of desmosome, hemidesmosome and
intermediate filament protein :
i. Epidermolysis bullosa
ii.Blistering skin disorder
Mutation of gene of extracellular matrix proteins:
i. Pemphigus vulgaris
ii.Pemphigus foliaceous
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21. Pemphigus Vulgaris
- an autoimmune
disease
-antibodies against
proteins
Blistering disease of
oral mucosa:
antibodies against
desmoglein-3 &
Skin: antibodies
against desmoglein-1
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22. Clinical significance:
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Mutation in the gene encoding connexin-26 (Cx26)
-congenital deafness.
Cx46 and Cx50 gene mutations- congenital
cataracts
bullous pemphigoid- presence of autoantibodies to
collagen XVII (BP180) and BP230.
23. Clinical Significance:
Mutation of connexins may also cause:
Demyelinating disease (Charcot-Marie Tooth)
Oculodentodigital dysplasia –ODD syndrome
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24. Summary:
1. Occluding Junctions (Zonula occludens)
2. Adhesive/Anchoring Junctions
a) Cell-to-cell
◦ i) Zonula adherens
◦ ii) Macula adherens (Desmosome)
b) Cell-matrix
◦ i) Focal adhesions
◦ ii) Hemidesmosome
3. Communicating (Gap) Junctions
13 January 2017 24 ©RAMAN 2016
27. MCQ
1. Junction that prevents two cell compartments from
mixing is:
A. gap junction
B. desmosomes
C. tight junction
D. cell junction
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28. MCQ
2. Pore- like connections between adjacent cells is an
example of
A. cell junction
B. desmosomes
C. tight junction
D. gap junction
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29. MCQ
3. Which of the following is a cell adhesion molecule
A. Lysin
B. Myosin
C. Integrin
D. Keratin
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30. MCQ
4. Tight junctions:
A. are essential for metabolic coupling
B. don’t occur in vertebrates
C. have the closest approach of two plasma
membranes of any junction
D. surround connexons
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31. MCQ
5. Hemi desmosome differs from spot desmosome in
that hemi desmosome:
A. connects cell to cell
B. connects extracellular matrix to extracellular
matrix
C. connects cell to extracellular matrix
D. has tonofilament , made up of intermediate
filament
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Editor's Notes Functions of tight junctions:
Strength and stability
Selective permeability for ions (leaky tight junctions)
Fencing function
Maintenance of cell polarity
Blood-brain barrier
In the zonula adherens the cadherin family member is E-cadherin, α- and β-catenin are the cytoplasmic
adapters, and actin filaments are the cytoskeletal component.
The catenins and actin filaments are concentrated on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane at the zonula adherens to form a dense web that is continuous with the terminal web of actin at the apical (and sometimes the basal) end of the cells. In the desmosome ,the cadherins are desmoglein and desmocollin. The interaction of these transmembrane proteins with those from the adjacent cell results in a dense line in the middle of the intercellular space at the desmosome. The catenins are desmoplakin, plakoglobin, and plakophilin, which form an electron-dense plaque on the cytoplasmic side of the desmosome.
Eg. Between odontoblasts Plasmodesmata in plants
Function of gap junction-
channel passage the substance have molecular weight less than 1000.
Exchange of chemical messenger between cells
Rapid propagation of action potential from one cell to another cell.
present in heart, basal part of epithelial cell of intestinal mucosa
Eg:lateral surface of odontoblasts, between osteoblast process and osteocyte process
Oculodentodigital syndrome (ODD syndrome) is an extremely rare genetic condition that typically results in small eyes, underdeveloped teeth, and syndactyly and malformation of the fourth and fifth fingers