Cultivation and production more food crops through easy technique- Hydroponics

1. Research guide: Dr.G. TULJA RANI M.Pharm , Ph.D
Principal & Professor, Pharmaceutical Analysis
Research co-Guide: N.L. MOHAMMAD M.Pharm (Ph.D )
Assistant professor , Pharmacology
HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
MALLAREDDY PHARMACY COLLEGE
Maisammaguda,Dulapally,Secunderabad-500014
In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Pharmacy
PresentedBy:CH RAJU,K BHEEMESH,V KRANTHIKIRAN,GHARISH
Roll number: 15HF1R0020,15HF1R0042,15HF1R0091,15HF1R0030

2. HYDROPONIC TECHNOLOGY
Subset of hydro culture
Contents:
• Aim of study
• Need for a solution
• Introduction to hydroponics
• What is hydroponics?
• Techniques used in hydroponics
• Nutrients used in Hydroponics
• Uses of each nutrient
• System requirements
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• References

3. Today Indian farmers face the following
challenges:
 Drought conditions and unpredictable weather.
 Rising temperatures.
 Polluted water systems
 Lack of irrigation
 Poor water management
 Under-nourished or over nourished crops
The Issue Facing us
Aim Of Study

4.  India today needs food security which entails that all
people at all times have physical and economic access to
safe and nutritious food to meet dietary needs.
 Lack of water for agriculture leads to production of
lesser food which means more hunger and malnutrition.
 We are going to highlight the need for technology in
agriculture that can contribute towards water savings and
have a positive impact on food production and availability.
Need for a solution

5.  “Cultivation of plants in water”
 It is technique for growing plants without soil.
 Utilizing this technology, the roots absorb balanced
nutrients dissolved in water that meets all the plant
developmental requirements.
 Many aggregates and media support plant growth.
 Also called as “ the cultivation of plants without
using soil.”
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROPONICS

6. PLANT : A living thing that grows in earth, in water, or on other plants
usually has a stem, leaves, roots, and flowers and produces seeds.
 Plants grow through a process called photosynthesis, in which
they use sunlight and a chemical inside their leaves called chlorophyll
to convert carbon dioxide (a gas in the air) and water into glucose (a
type of sugar) and oxygen. Write that out chemically and you get this
equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is hydroponics?
There's no mention of "soil" anywhere in the definition of
Photosynthesis and that's all the proof you need that plants can
grow without it. What they do need is water and nutrients, both easily
obtained from soil. But if they can get these things somewhere else
say, by standing with their roots in a nutrient-rich solution they can
do without soil altogether. That's the basic principle behind
hydroponics.

7.  For all techniques, most hydroponic reservoirs are now built of
plastic, but other materials have been used including concrete, glass,
metal, vegetable solids, and wood.
 The containers should exclude light to prevent algae and fungal
growth in the nutrient solution.
TECHNIQUES IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEM:

8. Static solution culture:
In static solution culture, plants are grown in containers of
nutrient solution, such as glass Mason jars typically, in-home
applications, plastic buckets, tubs, or tanks.
 The solution is usually gently aerated but may be un-aerated. If
un-aerated, the solution level is kept low enough that enough roots
are above the solution so they get adequate oxygen.
Static solution culture

9. Continuous-flow solution culture – Nutrient Film
Technique
Continuous-flow solution culture – Nutrient Film Technique
 In nutrient film technique all the dissolved nutrients required
for plant growth is re-circulated pass the bare root of the plant.
 Subsequent to this, an abundant supply of oxygen is provided to
the roots of the plants by using aerator.

10. Aeroponics:
Aeroponics is a system wherein roots are continuously or
discontinuously kept in an environment saturated with fine drops
(a mist or aerosol) of nutrient solution.
The method requires no substrate and entails growing plants with
their roots suspended in a deep air.
 Excellent aeration is the main advantage of aeroponics.
Aeroponic technique

11.  Passive sub-irrigation, also known as passive
hydroponics, semi-hydroponics, or hydroculture.
 In the simplest method, the pot sits in a shallow
solution of fertilizer and water or on a capillary
mat saturated with nutrient solution.
 The various hydroponic media available, such
as expanded clay and coconut husk, contain more
air space than more traditional potting mixes,
delivering increased oxygen to the roots.
 Additional advantages of passive hydroponics
are the reduction of root rot and the additional
ambient humidity provided through evaporations.
Passive sub-irrigation
Water plant cultivated crocus

12. Ebb and flow sub-irrigation:
At regular intervals, a simple timer causes a pump to fill the upper
tray with nutrient solution, after which the solution drains back down
into the reservoir. This keeps the medium regularly flushed with
nutrients and air.
 In its simplest form, there is a tray above a
reservoir of nutrient solution. Either the tray is filled
with growing medium and then plant directly or
place the pot over medium, stand in the tray.

13.  In its simplest form, a nutrient-and-water solution is manually
applied one or more times per day to a container of inert growing
media, such as rockwool, perlite, vermiculite, coco fibre, or sand.
 In a slightly more complex system, it is automated with a delivery
pump, a timer and irrigation tubing to deliver nutrient solution with a
delivery frequency that is governed by the key parameters of plant
size, plant growing stage, climate, substrate, and substrate
conductivity, pH, and water content.
Run to waste:

14.  The hydroponic method of plant production by
means of suspending the plant roots in a solution of
nutrient-rich, oxygenated water.
 Traditional methods favor the use of plastic
buckets and large containers with the plant
contained in a net pot suspended from the centre of
the lid and the roots suspended in the nutrient
solution.
Deep water culture:
Deep water culture
A rotary hydroponic garden is a style of commercial
hydroponics created within a circular frame which
rotates continuously during the entire growth cycle of
whatever plant is being grown.
Rotary culture:

15.  In Hydroponics, nutrient control is easy
 A nitrogen-rich Grow Formula
 A phosphorous and potassium-rich Bloom Formula
 Plants require 17 essential elements to grow and reproduce
• The first three are Hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.
• Other 14 are:
 Macro-Elements: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium,
Magnesium, Sulfur.
 Microelements: Iron, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Boron , Chlorine,
Molybdenum, Nickel.
Nutrients used in Hydroponic system:

16.  Deficiency signs show first in older leaves. They turn a pale
yellow and may die. New growth becomes weak.
Phosphorus
 (P) is necessary for photosynthesis and works as a catalyst for
energy transfer within the plant.
 Highest levels of phosphorus are used during germination, seedling
growth and flowering.
 In deficiency leaves turn deep green, show brown or purple spots.
Nitrogen
(N) is primary to plant growth. Plants convert nitrogen to make
proteins essential to new cell growth.
Nitrogen is mainly responsible for leaf and stem growth as well as
overall size.
Uses of each nutrient:

17. Potassium encourages strong root growth, water uptake and triggers
enzymes that fight disease.
 It is especially important in the development of fruit.
 Deficiency signs of potassium followed by whole leaves that turn
dark yellow and die. Flower and fruit drop also happen.
Magnesium
(Mg) is found as a central atom in the chlorophyll molecule and is
essential to the absorption of light energy.
 Deficiency signs of magnesium are: Older leaves yellow from the
center outward, while veins remain green on deficient plants. Leaf tips
and edges may discolor and curl upward.
Potassium
 (K) activates the manufacture and movement of sugars and
starches, as well as growth by cell division.

18. Calcium
 (Ca) is fundamental to cell manufacture and growth.
 Calcium moves slowly within the plant and tends to concentrate
in roots and older growth.
 Consequently young growth shows deficiency signs first.
 Deficient leaf tips, edges and new growth will turn brown and die.
 If too much calcium is applied early in life, it will stunt growth as
well.
Sulphur
 (S) is a component of plant proteins and plays a role in root growth
and chlorophyll supply.
 Distributed relatively evenly with largest amounts in leaves which
affects the flavor and odor in many plants.
 Sulphur, like calcium, moves little within plant tissue and the first
signs of a deficiency are pale young leaves.

19. Iron
 (Fe) is a key catalyst in chlorophyll production and is used in
photosynthesis.
A lack of iron turns leaves pale yellow or white while the veins
remain green.
 Iron is difficult for plants to absorb and moves slowly within the
plant.
Manganese
 (Mg) works with plant enzymes to reduce nitrates before
producing proteins.
 A lack of manganese turns young leaves a mottled yellow or
brown.
Zinc
(Z) is a catalyst and must be present in minute amounts for plant
growth.
A lack of zinc results in stunting, yellowing and curling of small
leaves. An excess of zinc is uncommon but very toxic and causes
wilting or death.

20. Copper
 (C) is a catalyst for several enzymes.
 A shortage of copper makes new growth wilt and causes irregular
growth. Excesses of copper causes sudden death.
Molybdenum
(Mo) helps to form proteins and aids the plant's ability to fix nitrogen
from the air.
 A deficiency causes leaves to turn pale and fringes to appear
scorched. Irregular leaf growth may also result.
Chlorine
 (Cl) deficiencies begin with leaves wilting, then become yellow
before the wilted and yellow plant cells begin to die.
 The root tips also become stunted and get thicker than normal.
Boron
 (B) is necessary for cells to divide and protein formation. It also
plays an active role in pollination and seed production.

21. .
pH Control 5.8 and 6.4, or slightly acidic
 Horticultural Lighting Metal Halide (MH), High Pressure Sodium
(HPS) lamps.
 Electrical Conductivity (EC) 1.2-3.5 Mho
 Temperature and Environmental Control 68- 78 degrees F.
Higher yields achieved in a smaller space.
 Nutrients precisely controlled.
 Grow, bloom and boost formulas used at the appropriate growth
stage.
 Indoor gardens grown using full-spectrum horticultural lighting.
Soil-borne pests and diseases are eliminated.
 Weeds are eliminated.
 Plants are healthier and reach maturity faster.
Automation is possible
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
ADVANTAGES:

22.  Cost of initial investment
 Production is management, capital and labor intensive.
 A high level of expertise is required.
 Daily attention is necessary.
 Specially formulated, soluble nutrients must always be used.
 Some water born diseases can spread rapidly in recirculation
system.
 How to Hydroponics, What is hydroponics?, Hydroponic mediums,
Plant nutrition ,The Future Garden Press, 97 ROME Street, Farmingdale
Division, NEW YORK 11735.
 Cornel Controlled Environment Agriculture – Hydroponic Spinach
Production Hand book By Dr. Melissa Brechner and Dr. David de villiers.
 Hydroponic Vegetable Production, Agriculture forestry & fisheries
Department – REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Communication Services
Private Bag X144, Pretoria 000.
References:
DISADVANTAGES :