presentation on parkinsonism contents are: definition, aetiology and pathogenesis It is defined by disturbance of motor function charectarized by expressionless faces, a stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movement, rigidity and pill rolling tremors.

1. PARKINSONISM
Date:25-02-2018 BY:
Rajeshwaree
Pharm D

2. PARKINSONISM: Disturbance of
motor function characterized by
expressionless face, a stooped
posture, slowness of voluntary
movement rigidity, pill rolling
tremors.
•Seen in no. of different
conditions that have in common
damage to dopaminergic system.
•May be produced by drugs like
dopamine antagonists.

3. AETIOLOGY AND
PATHOGENESIS:
Dopaminergic neurons of
substantia nigra project to
striatum and their degeneration
in parkinsonism disease is
associated with deficiency of
dopamine, can be connected by
replacement therapy with
levodopa which is able to cross
blood brain barrier.

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
•Characteristic pathological
features of parkinsonism disease
are neuronal loss in pigmented
brainstem, nuclei together with
presence of eosinophillic inclusion
bodies, called lewy bodies in
surviving cells.
•Pars compacta of substantia
nigra in midbrain is affected.

5. •Dopaminergic neurons within
this nucleus project to striatum
therefore deprived of
neurotransmitter dopamine.
•In this disease, there is a loss of
80% of nigral neurons before
symptoms appear.
•In addition to dopaminergic
neurons, plethora of other nuclei
& neurotransmitter system are
also involved

6. For example, Cholinergic neurons
within pedunculopontine nucleus
degenerate providing potential
clinicopathological correlates with
postural instability, swallowing
difficulty and sleep disturbance.
•Within the striatum, changes
occur within in gamma amino
butyric acid containing neurons,
as a consequence of

7. nigrostriatal dopaminergic
deficiency and also non
physiological dopaminergic
replacement.
•These changes are thought to
play a key role in mediating the
development of involuntary
movements which develop after
no. of years of levodopa
treatment.

8. •The loss of nor adrenergic and
serotonergic neurons within
locus cocruleus and raphe
nucleus respectively, may
provide a pathophysiological
basis for depression, which is
common on parkinsonism
disease.

9. OXIDATIVE STRESS
EXCITOTOXICITY
NEURO
INFLAMMATION
LYSOSOMAL AND
PROTEOSOMAL
FUNCTION
GENETIC
MUTATIONS
PREDISPOSING
POLYMORPHINS
CELL TO CELL
TRANSFER
UPREGULATION
& MISFOLDING
OF ALFA-
SYNUCLEIN

10. THANK YOU