2. Marketing Research
• Marketing research involves collecting,
organizing, analyzing and communicating
information that can be used in order to make
an informed marketing decision.
• Performing market research will complement
your marketing mix strategy as it enables you
to make educated decisions regarding
selecting markets, your image or branding and
products or services.
3. According to American Marketing Association, “Marketing
Research is the function that links the consumer, customer and
public to the marketer through information-information used to
identify and define marketing opportunities and problems,
generate, refine and evaluate marketing actions; monitor
marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing
as a process.”
4. Scope of M.R
Marketing Research is of use to the following:-
Producers
•To know about his product potential in the market vis-à-vis
the total product;
•New Products;
•Various brands;
•Pricing;
•Market Structures and selection of product strategy, etc.
5. Business and Government Marketing Research helps
businesses and government in focusing attention on
the complex nature of problems faced by them. For
example:
• Determination of Gross National Product; Price indices,
and per capita income;
• Expenditure levels and budgeting;
• Agricultural Pricing;
• The economic policies of Government; and
• Operational and planning problems of business and
industry.
6. Market Research Agencies Marketing Research is
being used extensively by professionals to help
conducting various studies in Marketing
Research. Most prominent agencies being:-
• Linta India Ltd;
• British Market Research Bureau (BMRB);
• Hindustan Thompson Associate Ltd;
• eSurveysPro.com;
• MARG
7. 5 key steps in Marketing Research
1. Define the Problem
2. Collect the Data
3. Analyse and interpret the data
4. Reach a conclusion
5. Implement your research
8. Define the Problem
• In this stage you need to identify the actual
problems that are relating to the apparent
symptoms.
• What information is needed in order to solve
the problem?
• For example, poor sales within a business are
not the problem, they are the symptom of a
larger issue such as a weak marketing strategy.
9. Further business problems may include:
• Who are your target customers?
• What method could be implemented to reach
these customers?
• Who are your customers and what advantages
and disadvantages do they have over your
business?
• What size is the consumer market you are
trying to engage?
10. Collect the Data
• There are two types of market research that can
be performed:
1. Primary research - involves collecting
information from sources directly by conducting
interviews and surveys, and by talking to
customers and established businesses.
2. Secondary research - involves collecting
information from sources where the primary
research has already been conducted. Such
information includes industry statistics, market
research reports, news paper articles, etc.
11. Collection methods and techniques
• Qualitative research is where you seek an
understanding of why things are a certain way.
For example, a researcher may stop a shopper
and ask them why they bought a particular
product or brand.
• Quantitative research refers to measuring
market phenomena in a numerical sense, such
as when a bank asks consumers to rate their
service on a scale of one to ten.
12. Analyze and interpret the data
• You must attach meaning to the data you have
collected during your market research to make
sense of it and to develop alternative
solutions that could potentially solve your
business problem.
• You should determine how the knowledge you
have gained through researching your market
can be applied and used to develop effective
business strategies.
13. Reach a conclusion
• With the alternatives you have developed to
solve your problem in mind, perform a cost-
benefit analysis of each alternative keeping in
mind the potentially limited resources
available to your business.
• You may also need to perform further
investigation into each alternative solution to
arrive at the best decision for your business in
regards to meeting consumer demands.
14. Implement your research
• Put your final solution into practice.
• Without completing this step your research
could potentially have been a waste of your
time and resources.
15. DATA COLLECTION
• Compilation and interpretation of primary
and secondary sources of information.
• The integration of different sources will
consolidate the write up of the report.
16. SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Primary Source
•Data is collected by
researcher himself
•Data is gathered
through questionnaire,
interviews,
observations etc.
Secondary Source
•Data collected,
compiled or
written by other
researchers eg. books,
journals, newspapers
•Any reference must
be acknowledged
17. STEPS TO COLLECT DATA
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
REVIEW & COMPILE SECONDARY SOURCE INFORMATION
(Referred to in the BACKGROUND/ INTRODUCTION section of report)
PLAN & DESIGN DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS
TO GATHER PRIMARY INFORMATION
(Referred to in the FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS &
RECOMMENDATIONS sections of report)
DATA COLLECTION
18. METHODS USED
TO COLLECT
PRIMARY SOURCE DATA
1. Interviews
2. Questionnaires
3. Survey
4. Experimentation
5. Case Study
6. Observation
However, for a small-scale study, the most commonly used
methods are interviews, survey questionnaires and observations.
20. Steps To An Effective Interview
Prepare your interview schedule
Select your subjects/ key informants
Conduct the interview
Analyze and interpret data collected from the interview
21. The most common
data collection instrument
Survey
Questionnaire
Useful to collect
quantitative and qualitative
information
Should contain 3 elements:
1. Introduction – to explain the objectives
2. Instructions – must be clear, simple language & short
3. User-friendly – avoid difficult or ambiguous questions
22. 2 Basic Types of survey questions:
1. Open-ended Questions
– Free-response
(Text Open End)
– Fill-in relevant
information
2. Close-ended Questions
– Dichotomous question
– Multiple-choice
– Rank
– Scale
– Categorical
– Numerical
Note: For specific examples and students’ activities on each question style,
please refer to the notes on Data Collection in the e-learning.
23. Steps To An Effective Survey Questionnaire
Prepare your survey questions
(Formulate & choose types of questions, order them, write instructions, make copies)
Select your respondents/sampling
Random/Selected
Administer the survey questionnaire
(date, venue, time )
Analyze and interpret data collected
Tabulate data collected
(Statistical analysis-frequency/mean/correlation/% )
A sample of complete survey questionnaire
http://www.custominsight.com/demo/form_widgets.rtf
24. Observe verbal &
non-verbal communication,
surrounding atmosphere,
culture & situation
Observations
Need to keep
meticulous records of
the observations
Can be done through discussions,
observations of habits, rituals,
review of documentation,
experiments
25. Steps To An Effective Observation
Determine what needs to be observed
(Plan, prepare checklist, how to record data)
Select your participants
Random/Selected
Conduct the observation
(venue, duration, recording materials, take photographs )
Analyze and interpret data collected
Compile data collected
26. DATA ANALYSIS
3. In a small scale study, the most common forms of statistical
analysis presented are:
•Frequency
•Mean
•Percentage
1. To analyse data from interviews and observation, use
Summary sheet
Checklist
2. To analyse data from questionnaires, use
Manually
SPSS
27. DATA INTERPRETATION
1. It involves 2 terms
• ‘Results’ – presentation of data/findings (statistics)
• ‘Discussion’ – interpretation of data/findings
2. Things to consider when interpreting your data:
• Interpret findings based on the purpose and
objectives of your study
• Relate the findings to real life context
• Use persuasive language to convince your readers
to see the research from your point of view.
• Order your interpretation to highlight the most important
findings
• Include limitations to your research.
• Use simple, clear language
