1. Presentation
On
Protein: The Building Blocks of Life
-Explore the structure, functions, and importance
of proteins
GOVT. (AUTONMOUS) P.G. COLLEGE,SATNA (M.P.)
DEPARTMENT - ZOOLOGY
Presented By – Rahul Singh
Rol No. 2368054
2. Contents:
Definition
Building Blocks: Amino Acids
Protein Structure
Functions of Proteins
Sources of Protein in Diet
Consequences of Protein Deficiency
Applications of Protein Research
Conclusion
3. What are proteins?
Proteins are nitrogenous organic compounds that have large molecules
composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part
of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues
such as muscle, hair, and as enzymes and antibodies.
Proteins made up of such elements as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
sulphur and phosphorus.
4. Building Blocks: Amino Acids
Amino Acids
There have two types of
amino acids:
i) essential amino
acids
ii) non essential
amino acids
Essential amino acids are
amino acids that cannot be
synthesized by the body.
Example:
Leucine
Non essential amino acids
are amino acids that can be
synthesized by the body.
There are 11-non essential
amino acids. Example:
5. Protein Structure
Secondary Structure
Folding patterns:
alpha helix, beta
sheet
Tertiary Structure
3D shape
determined by
interactions
between R groups
Quaternary Structure
Assembly of
multiple
polypeptide chains
(if applicable)
Primary Structure
The linear
sequence of amino
acids in a
polypeptide chain.
6.
7. Functions of Proteins
1. Enzymes: Enzymes mostly carry out all numerous chemical reactions which take
place within a cell. They also help in regenerating and creating DNA molecules and
carry out complex processes.
2. Hormones: Proteins are involved in the creation of various types of hormones
which help in balancing the components of the body. For example hormones like
insulin, which helps in regulating blood sugar and secretin. It is also involved in
the digestion process and formation of digestive juices.
3. Antibody: Antibody also known as an immunoglobulin. It is a type of protein which
is majorly used by the immune system to repair and heal the body from foreign
bacteria. They often work together with other immune cells to identify and
separate the antigens from increasing until the white blood cells destroy them
completely.
4. Energy: Proteins are the major source of energy that helps in the movements of
our body. It is important to have the right amount of protein in order to convert it
into energy. Protein, when consumed in excess amounts, gets used to create fat
and becomes part of the fat cells.
8. Sources of Protein in Diet
Animal Sources
Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy
products.
Plant Sources
Beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, and whole
grains.
Healthy Choices
Guidelines for choosing healthy protein
sources and recommended daily intake
(RDI).
9. Consequences of Protein Deficiency
Symptoms
Muscle weakness, fatigue, stunted growth,
impaired immunity.
Conditions
Kwashiorkor, Marasmus,
and the significance of adequate protein
intake.
10. Applications of Protein Research
Medicine
Development of new drugs and therapies.
Food Science
Improving nutritional value of new food products.
Biotechnology
Industrial applications of enzymes and
other proteins, and future directions in
protein research.
11. Conclusion
In conclusion, this presentation has shed light on the crucial role of proteins
in life. Understanding their structure, functions, sources, and implications is
vital for overall well-being and scientific progress.
