Communicable diseases

1. Types of Communication
1. One – way communication
2. Two – way communication
3. Verbal communication
4. Non-Verbal Communication
5. Formal and informal communication
6. Visual communication
7. Telecommunication and internet

2. One – way communication
Didactic method:
Communication is “one-way”
Eg: Lecture method
Drawbacks:
- knowledge is imposed
- learning is authoritative
- Little audience participation
- No feedback
- Does not influence human behaviour

3. Two – way communication
Socratic method
Two way method of communication
Audience may raise questions
add information
ideas and opinions
Process of learning is active and democraic
Influence behaviour

4. Verbal communication
Traditional way of communication
By word of mouth
Loaded with hidden meanings
It is persuasive

5. Non-Verbal Communication
 Bodily movements
 Postures
 Gestures
 Facial expressions: smile, raised eye
brows, frown, staring, gazing
 Silence is Non-verbal communication

6. Formal and informal
communication
 Formal – follows lines of authority
 Informal – grape-vine communication

7. Visual communication
 Charts, Graphs, Pictograms,
 Tables, maps, Posters

8. Telecommunication and internet
 Radio
 Television
 Internet
 Telex – point – to-point telecommunication

9. Barriers of Communication
1. Physiological
2. Psychological
3. Environmental
4. Cultural

10. Physiological
barriers
 Difficulties in hearing
 Difficulties in expression

11. Psychological barriers
 Emotional disturbances
 Neurosis
 Levels of intelligence4,
 Language
 Comprehension difficulties

12. Environmental
 Noise
 Invisibility
 Congestion

13. Cultural barriers
 Illiteracy
 Levels fof knowledge and understanding
 Customs
 Beliefs
 Religion
 Attitudes
 Economic and social class differences
 Language variations
 Cultural difficulties

14. Functions of health communication
 Information
 Education
 Motivations
 persuasion
 Counseling
 Raising morals
 Health development
 Organization

15. Approach to health education
1. Regulatory approach
2. Service approach
3. Health education approach
4. Primary health care approach

16. Health Education Health propaganda
1. Knowledge and skills
actively acquired
2. Makes people think for
themselves
3. Disciplines primitive
desires
4. Develops reflective
behaviour
1. Knowledge instilled in the
minds of people
2. Prevents or discourages
thinking by readymade
slogans
3. Arouses and stimulates
primitive desires
4. Develops reflexive
behaviour, aims at
impulsive actions

17. Health Education Health propaganda
5. Appeals to reason
6. Develops individuality
personality and self-
expression
7. Knowledge acquired
through self-reliant
activity
8. The process is behaviour
centred – aims of
developing favourable
attitudes, habits and skills
5. Appeals to emotion
6. Develops a standard
pattern of attitudes and
behaviours according to
the mold used
7. Knowledge is spoon-fed
and passively received
8. Develops reflexive
behaviour, aims at
impulsive actions

18. Models of health education
 Medical Model
 Motivation Model
 Social intervention Model

19. Principles of health education
1. Credibility
2. Interest
3. Participation
4. Motivation
5. Comprehension
6. Reinforcement
7. Learing by doing
8. Known – to – unknown
9. Setting an example

20. 10 Good human relations
11 Feedback
12 Leaders

21. Practice of Health Education
 Audiovisual aids
 Methods in Health communication

22. Audiovisual aids
1) Auditory aids:
Radio, tape-recorder, microphones,
amplifiers, earphones
2) Visual aids:
a) Not requiring projection:
Chalk-board, leaflets, posters, charts,
flannel graph, exhibits, models,
specimens, etc.
b) Requiring projection: Slides, film strips
3) Combined A-v aids Television, sound films,
slide-tape combination

23. Methods in Health communication
 Individual approach
 Group approach
 Mass approach

24. Individual approach
1. Personal contact
2. Home visits
3. Personal lettters

25. Group approach
1. Lectures
2. Demonstrations
3. Discussion methods
- group discussion
- panel discussion
- symposium
- workshop
- conferences
- seminars
- role play

26. Mass approach
1. Television
2. Radio
3. Newspaper
4. Printed material
5. Direct mailing
6. Posters
7. Health museums and exhibitions
8. Folk methods
9. internet