What is health education? difference between health education and propoganda, audio and visual aids used to deliver health education. types of communication. Steps to plan a dental health education program.

2.  The concept of public health has provided
a broader perspective with an increased
emphasis on prevention of disease and
promotion of health.

3. Definition
Health Education is defined as :
“ Health education is a process that
informs, motivates and help people to
adopt and maintain healthy practices and
lifestyles, advocates environmental
changes as needed to facilitate this goal,
and conducts professional training &
research to the same end.”

4. Ignorance is a blessing
Do You Agree?

6. People Participation In Health
Education
 Ignorance is the root cause of all evils, including ill health
& diseases. Through effective health education, promotion,
restoration and maintenance of health can be achieved.
 This needs involvement of the individuals, families &
communities so that they realize the importance of their
health, assume responsibility, & learn to maintain their
health process effectively.

7. Concept Of Health Education
 To promote the health of the individual it is necessary to
teach the health concepts & self care skills in the ways they
understand.
 Learning includes measurable change in behavior that
persist over time, needs practice, & reinforcement to be
permanent.

8. LEARNING STEPS
Behaviour
Action
Involvement
Self- Interest
Awareness
Unawareness

9. Approach to achieve Health
1. Regulatory or legal approach
2. Administrative or service approach
3. Educational approach
4. Primary Health care approach

10. Education Theories
 Behavioral Theory : Focus to change the behavior by
reinforcement or punishment. Educator has full control
over feedback system.
 Social Learning Theory : Aims at changing beliefs &
expectations by providing information.
 Cognitive Theory : Believes in changing thought
patterns & providing information, thereby changing
learner’s behavior.

11.  Humanist Theory : Emphasizes the influence of feelings,
emotions & personal relationships on behavior.
 Developmental Theory : states that learning occurs
differently in different stages of development.
 Critical Theory : This theory facilitates ongoing dialogue
& open enquiry leading to increase in depth of knowledge.

12. OBJECTIVES
 Informing the People
 Motivating the People
 Guiding into Action

13. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
EDUCATION
 Health education to be effective, should be designed
based on tenets of social sciences. Some of principles
of health education are as follows :-
1. Interest
2. Participation
3. Known to unknown
4. Comprehension
5. Motivation
6. Reinforcement
7. Learning by Doing
8. Soil, Seed & Sower
9. Good Human Relations
10. Leaders

14. 1. Interest : Health education should be based on
people’s interest or felt needs about their health.
2. Participation : Active participation is the key to success
for any health education program.

15. 3. Known to unknown : Health educator first assess what
is already known such as beliefs, concepts &
misconceptions & so on, & then proceed towards unknown
or desired destination.

16. 4. Comprehension : Health education program will be
successful if it is thoroughly understood. The health
educator should educate in the language the people
speak & words they understand.
5. Motivation : Motivation precedes change , which is
especially true in changing behavior conducive to health.
6. Reinforcement : Repetition is often necessary in different
ways & situations to make people remember or
understand its importance & make it a part of their
internal value system.

17. 7. Learning by Doing : Actions speak louder than words..
Many health education program fail if they do not provide
opportunity to do what is learnt.
8. Soil, Seed, & Sower : Soil is the mind of the participant,
seed is the health education & sower is the health educator,
so, the health educator has time to seed the right
information in the people so as to reap desired change in
behavior.

19. 9. Good Human Relations : The relation b/w the
participant & the health educator should be trust worthy,
only when the information gains importance.
10. Leaders : Health educator should identify leaders in a
community because they act as agents of change.

20. Sr.
No.
Health Education Propoganda
1. Knowledge and skills actively
acquired
Knowledge instilled in the minds
of people
2. Makes people think for
themselves
Prevents thinking with the
availability of ready made slogans
3. Discipline primitive desires Arouses and stimulates primitive
desires
4. Develops reflective behavior.
Trains people to use
judgement before acting
Develops reflexive behavior; aims
at impulsive actions
5. Appeals to reason Appeals to emotion

21. Health Education Propoganda
6. Develops individuality,
personality and self
expression
Develops a standard pattern of
attitudes and behaviours according
to mould used
7. Knowledge acquired
through self reliant
activity
Knowledge is spoon fed and
passively received
8. The process is behaviour
centered , aims at
developing favourable
attitudes, habits and skills
The process is information centred,
no change of attitude or behavior
designed

22. Contents of Health Education
1. Human Biology
2. Nutrition
3. Hygiene
4. Family Health
5. Disease Prevention & Control
6. Mental health
7. Prevention of accidents
8. Use of health services

24. Communication in Health
Education
 Communication plays an important part in
the process of learning and education.
 The health educator should know how to
communicate effectively with the people
to whom he imparts health education

25. Key Elements in Communication
 Communicator
 Audience
 Message
 Channels of communication

26. Types of Communication
1. One way Communication ( didactic
method )
2. Two way Communication ( Socratic
method )

27. Educational Aids Used in Health
Education
1. Auditory aids
2. Visual aids
3. A combination of audio – visual aids

28. Auditory aids
 Megaphones
 Microphones
 Gramophone
 Tape recorders
 Radios
 Sound amplifiers
 Based on principles of sound, electricity and magnetism

30. Visual aids
1. Projected aids :
These are visual aids, which needs projection from a source
on to screen.
• Films or cinemas
• Slides
• Transparencies
• Silent films

31. 2. Non – projected aids :
• Black boards
• Pictures, cartoons, photographs
• Charts, posters
• flashcards

32. Combination of audio visual aids
 Television
 Motion pictures or cinemas
 Puppet shows
 Dramas

33. METHODS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
Various methods are :
1. Health Education at individual level
2. Health Education at group level
3. Health education for the general public or mass.

34. Individual
Approach
Group Approach Mass Approach
1. Personal contact 1. Lectures 1. Television
2. Home Visits 2. Demonstrations 2. Radio
3. Personal Letters 3. Discussion
Methods :
3. Newspaper
• Group Discussion 4. Printed Material
• Panel Discussion 5. Direct Mailing
• Symposium 6. Posters
• Workshop 7. Health Museums &
exhibitions
Levels Of Health Education
• Conferences 8. Folk Methods
• Seminars 9. Internet
• Role-Play

35. HEALTH EDUCATION AT
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
 Most reliable method & has long lasting effect.

36. Advantages
 The most important advantage of this type of health
education is that it facilitates a “ two way communication”
& also that the health educator can discuss with the
individual & persuade to change his/her behavior.
 Also the individual gets opportunity for asking doubts &
clarifies them.
 Through this kind all information could be imparted to all
the family members.

37. Disadvantages
 The health education can be imparted to only those who
come in contact with the doctor or the dentist or the health
educator.
 Thus the number of people receiving health education is
small.

38. Health Education At Group Level
 Lectures :
1. Limit the number of facts presented & illustrate with
examples & visual aids.
2. Adapt the lecture to understanding as well as interest of
the group.
3. Give only specific & constructive details & express them
clearly.
4. Be accurate in presenting health facts.

39.  Disadvantage :
Main disadvantage is that lecture is a
“one way communication”. The topic selected for the lecture
for particular subject if it is not in relation to interest of the
audience, it would not be effective.

40. Symposium
 Symposium consist of a number of experts who are
invited to speak on particular topic.
 Advantage : The audience understands the topic better if
it is presented in an easy & understandable way.
 Disadvantage : The audience does not get a chance to
participate in proceedings.

42. Group Discussions
 Most commonly employed method.
 Two way communication.

43. d. Small Group Discussions
 Most informal form of communication.
 Also called as buzz sessions.
 Buzz sessions are highly effective for students to motivate
them , so to continue their interest into an activity beyond
buzz sessions.

44. e. Panel Discussions
 Panel comprising 3 to 5 members.
 In panel discussions the chances for audience participation
are less compared to symposium.

45. f. Workshop
 Experts from a particular discipline discusses specific topic
& problems, & outline the proceedings for the action.
 Workshops are mainly advantageous for people with
previous experience on particular topics, and for
institutions & departments.

46. g. Seminars
 The method provides the opportunity for large number of
professional people to come together & exchange their
ideas & views on topic of interest.

47. h. Role Playing or Socio dramas
 Role playing or socio dramas are forms of expressing
dramatic experience during health education program.
 Advantage : The people can understand better when they
visualize the situations, & it produces a lasting impression
in their minds.

48. Health Education for General
Public or Mass
 The main advantage for using mass media is :
1. Large number of people can be reached at one time in
one place.
2. People of all socioeconomic status have an access to
health education.

49. a. Television
 Advantage includes :
1. Coverage of large number of people in large areas or
communities.
2. Many topics can be projected & conveyed to general
public from time to time.
3. Health education can be provided along with
entertainment.

51. b. Radio
 The advantage of using radio are that they are cheaper
media for mass communication & they are accessible to
people of all socioeconomic status.

52. c. Newspaper
 The advantages are that the news papers are easily
accessible by the community & are available in languages
they can follow.
 Disadvantage is that, it may not be useful in rural areas
wherein large percentage of illiterate people are residing.

53. d. Health Exhibitions
 These exhibitions can be conducted during some fairs &
festivals in one particular area or geographic region.
 If they are properly organized, health exhibitions are best
method to attract large number of people.
 Advantage is that the people can come across new ideas
in health matters, which they have not heard otherwise.

54. Barriers To Communication
 Physiological barriers in communication :
include difficulties in hearing or seeing , in understanding &
self expression etc
 Environmental Barriers : Environmental barriers
are due to excessive noise, difficulties in vision, congested
areas & crowding

55.  Psychological Barriers : Emotional disturbances,
depression , neurosis or any other psychosomatic disorder.
 Cultural Barriers : include more or less persistent
pattern of behavior like habits, beliefs, customs, attitudes,
religion etc

56.  There are some barriers while communicating to people of
rural background with low literacy rate as follows :-
1. Differences in meaning, assigned to different terms by
layman & professional.
2. Ethnic & cultural conflicts
3. Lack of faith in treatment.
4. Fear of pain or injury
5. Difficulty to travel to keep up appointments.

57. Planning A Dental Health
Education Programme
1. Collect background information : collect relevant
information.
2. Define target population
3. Assessment of baseline knowledge
4. Anchorage Attitudes : These are basic to person’s way of
life & are a form of personal identity. People strongly
resist the attempt to change them. Health educators
should try to utilize these believes in positive way.

58. 5. Level Of literacy
6. Define objectives
7. Assess Resources
8. Pilot Study
9. Timing of program
10. Evaluation.

59.  Define Health Education ?
• Objectives of health Education ?

60.  Learning steps
 Principles of health education?

61.  A kindergarden teacher shows flash cards to her
students, and ask them to repeat the alphabet
again and again, she repeats it in every class.
 Which principle of health education is she
following ?

62. • Hands on workshop explain which principle of health
education ?

63.  In case of soil, seed and sower, mind of participant is
__________

64.  Door to door visits by polio workers
explain which level of health education?

65.  Main disadvantage of using Newspaper as
a mode of delivering health education is :

66.  cultural barrier can be overcome by ?